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Ring Oscillator for 60 Meter Bandwidth

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computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第7期46卷 93-105页

作者： Rachana Arya B.k.Singh E.c.E.Department B.T.Kumaon Institute of TechnologyUttrakhnad Technical UniversityDehradun263653UttrakhandIndia Electrical Engineering Department B.T.K.I.T.DwarahatAlmoraUttrakhandIndia

The 60-meter band range is tremendously useful in telecommunication,military and governmental *** I.T.U.(International Telecommunication Union)required isolationism to former radio frequency services because the various frequency bands are extremely *** allocation of new frequency bands are a lengthy procedure as well as time *** a result,the researchers use bidirectional,amateur radio frequency communication for 60-meter band,usually the frequency slot of 5250-5450 kHz,although the entire band is not essentially obtainable for all *** transmission and reception of these frequencies,a local oscillator is used in the mixer unit to generate the local signal for mixing the input and reference *** this function different type of oscillators are *** this paper,a three-stage ring oscillator is designed with 1 V *** oscillators(RO)is the base to explore like to identifying,specify with modelling resources in the disparity in behaviour of the circuit in terms of industrialized design and layout *** type of oscillators are free from noise as inductor is not used to the circuit as in Lc oscillator,Heartly oscillator,colpitt and tuned *** present approach of circuit designing,the scaling of cMOS(complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)transistor will moderate,the procedure *** the forthcoming article,a ring oscillator with fixed capacitor(1 pF)and with variable capacitors(1 to 100 pF)is *** frequency analysis with different capacitor is *** total delay of 3-stage oscillator is 4.82 ns with 5.2 MHz oscillation *** overall Power dissipation of the circuit is 1.852μWat 1 V *** simulation analysis is performed on 45 nm cMOS technology with both transistor width are 278 and 420 nm.

关键词： Ring oscillator power dissipation delay frequency sweep capacitor

Growth response of three plantation species of the tropics exposed to elevated cO_2 levels

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 449-456页

作者： Rekha R. Warrier c. Buvaneswaran P. Priyadharshini R.S.c. Jayaraj Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Forest CampusR. S. Puram Coimbatore 641002 India

The response of forest trees, the largest carbon sinks on the earth, to continuing rise in atmospheric carbon levels is unknown. Re- ports state that increasing levels of atmospheric cO2 will stimulate pho- tosynthesis and productivity in most ecosystems. However, the duration and magnitude of this stimulation, particularly in the tropics, remains a question. To investigate the effects of cO2 fertilization on plant growth, seedlings of three common plantation species, casuarina equisetifolia, Ailanthus excelsa and Tectona grandis were grown in closed chambers enriched with cO2. After 180 days of treatment, morphological traits of seedling height, biomass of root and shoot and root-shoot allometric co-efficient were measured. The activity of carbonic anhydrase and con- tents of chlorophylls, total carbohydrates and soluble proteins were de- termined. In Tectona grandis, significant effects of cO2 supply were found on chlorophylls, root-shoot allometric ratio and seedling quality index. Ailanthus excelsa showed significant effect on only the shoot characteristics on exposure to elevated cO2 but the root characteristics and concentrations of chlorophylls were not significantly different. ca- suarina equisetifolia also showed significant effects on exposure to ele- vated cO2 in terms of shoot characteristics and concentrations of chlo- rophylls. Total sugars, the major photosynthates, did not show any sig- nificant variation to elevated cO2 in any of the three species. carbonic anhydrase, the key enzyme responsible for transfer of cO2 into the tis- sues significantly increased in all three species. Overall, all the variables responded to elevated cO2, reflecting the positive effects of one parame- ter of climate change conditions on seedling quality. A positive response of these three plantation species to elevated cO2 content is a good indi- cation for their future existence in potentially changed climatic eonditions.

关键词： Plantation Elevated cO2 Tropical trees India carbonicanhydrase

A Nonlocal Total Variation Model for Image Decomposition: Illumination and Reflectance

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2014年第3期7卷 334-355页

作者： Wei Wang Michael k.Ng Department of Mathematics Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong

In this paper,we study to use nonlocal bounded variation(NLBV)techniques to decompose an image intensity into the illumination and reflectance *** considering spatial smoothness of the illumination component and nonlocal total variation(NLTV)of the reflectance component in the decomposition framework,an energy functional is *** establish the theoretical results of the space of NLBV functions such as lower semicontinuity,approximation and *** essential properties of NLBV functions are important tools to show the existence of solution of the proposed energy *** results on both grey-level and color images are shown to illustrate the usefulness of the nonlocal total variation image decomposition model,and demonstrate the performance of the proposed method is better than the other testing methods.

关键词： Image decomposition illumination reflectance nonlocal total variation iterative method

Robust multifocus deep neural network for progression prediction on patient trajectory data

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International Journal of Intelligent computing and cybernetics 2022年第4期15卷 589-598页

作者： k.Arunkumar S.Vasundra Department of cSE JNTUAAnanthapuramIndia Department of cSE JNTUACEAAnanthapuramIndia

Purpose-Patient treatment trajectory data are used to predict the outcome of the treatment to particular disease that has been carried out in the *** order to determine the evolving disease on the patient and changes in the health due to treatment has not considered existing *** deep learning models to trajectory data mining can be employed to identify disease prediction with high accuracy and less computation ***/methodology/approach-Multifocus deep neural network classifiers has been utilized to detect the novel disease class and comorbidity class to the changes in the genome pattern of the patient trajectory data can be identified on the layers of the *** is employed to learn extracted feature set with activation and weight function and then merged on many aspects to classify the undetermined sequence of diseases as a new *** performance of disease progression learning progress utilizes the precision of the constituent classifiers,which usually has larger generalization benefits than those optimized ***-Deep learning architecture uses weight function,bias function on input layers and max *** of the input layer has applied to hidden layer to generate the multifocus characteristics of the disease,and multifocus characterized disease is processed in activation function using ReLu function along hyper parameter tuning which produces the effective outcome in the output layer of a fully connected *** results have proved using cross validation that proposed model outperforms methodologies in terms of computation time and ***/value-Proposed evolving classifier represented as a robust architecture on using objective function to map the data sequence into a class distribution of the evolving disease class to the patient ***,the generative output layer of the proposed model produces the progression outcome of the disease of the particular pa

关键词： Patient trajectory data Deep learning representatives Disease evolution Unstructured hierarchical data cluster reconstruction error

Frequency control Approach and Load Forecasting Assessment for Wind Systems

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Intelligent Automation & Soft computing 2023年第1期35卷 971-982页

作者： k.Sukanya P.Vijayakumar Department of EEE Karpagam College of EngineeringCoimbatore641032India

Frequency deviation has to be controlled in power generation units when there arefluctuations in system *** several renewable energy sources,wind energy forecasting is majorly focused in this work which is a tough task due to its variations and uncontrollable *** there is a mismatch between generation and demand,the frequency deviation may arise from the actual frequency 50 Hz(in India).To mitigate the frequency deviation issue,it is necessary to develop an effective technique for better frequency control in wind energy *** this work,heuristic Fuzzy Logic Based controller(FLc)is developed for providing an effective frequency control support by modeling the complex behavior of the system to enhance the load forecasting in wind based hybrid power *** control is applied to reduce the frequency deviation due tofluctuations and load prediction information using ANN(Artificial Neural Network)and SVM(Support Vector Machine)learning *** performance analysis of the proposed method is done with different machine learning based *** forecasting assessment is done over various climates with the aim to decrease the prediction errors and to demote the forecasting *** results show that the Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Normalized Mean Absolute Error(NMAE)values are scaled down by 41.1%,9.9%and 23.1%respectively in the proposed method while comparing with existing wavelet and BPN based approach.

关键词： Load forecasting wind power prediction fuzzy logic controller ANN SVM hybrid power systems

Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants:Risk,prevention and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1954-1963页

作者： ka-Shing cheung Wai k Leung Department of Medicine The University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina

Novel oral anticoagulants(NOAcs), which include direct thrombin inhibitor(dabigatran) and direct factor Xa inhibitors(rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban), are gaining popularity in the prevention of embolic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation as well as in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. However, similar to traditional anticoagulants, NOAcs have the side effects of bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB). Results from both randomized clinical trials and observations studies suggest that high-dose dabigatran(150 mg b.i.d), rivaroxaban and high-dose edoxaban(60 mg daily) are associated with a higher risk of GIB compared with warfarin. Other risk factors of NOAc-related GIB include concomitant use of ulcerogenic agents, older age, renal impairment, Helicobacter pylori infection and a past history of GIB. Prevention of NOAc-related GIB includes proper patient selection, using a lower dose of certain NOAcs and in patients with renal impairment, correction of modifiable risk factors, and prescription of gastroprotective agents. Overt GIB can be managed by withholding NOAcs followed by delayed endoscopic treatment. In severe bleeding, additional measures include administration of activated charcoal, use of specific reversal agents such as idarucizumab for dabigatran and andexanent alfa for factor Xa inhibitors, and urgent endoscopic management.

关键词： Warfarin Endoscopy Apixaban Edoxaban Gastrointestinal bleeding Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Novel anticoagulants

Numerical simulation and experimental study for rheo-forged component using direct and indirect die system

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of china 2010年第9期20卷 1799-1804页

作者： H.H.kIM c.G.kANG Precision Manufacturing Systems Division Pusan National University School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National University

Sand casting and die casting processes have been used widely for complex automotive products such as knuckle, arm, ***, a part fabricated by casting has limited strength due to manufacturing defects such as the dendrite structure, segregation and *** an attempt to offer a solution to these problems, forging has been used as an alternative ***, the forging process provides limited formability for complex shape ***-forging of metal offers not only superior mechanical strength but also requires significantly lower machine loads than solid forming *** order to produce semi-solid materials of the desired microstructure, a stirring process is applied during solidification of molten *** results of an A356 aluminum alloy sample, which are obtained by experiment and by simulation using DEFORM 3D, are present.

关键词： rheo-forging A356 alloy formability forming defects

A compressed Sensing Approach for Partial Differential Equations with Random Input Data

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communications in computational Physics 2012年第9期12卷 919-954页

作者： L.Mathelin k.A.Gallivan LIMSI-cNRS BP 13391403 OrsayFrance Mathematics Dpt. 208 Love Building1017 Academic WayFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306-4510USA

In this paper,a novel approach for quantifying the parametric uncertainty associated with a stochastic problem output is *** with Monte-carlo and stochastic collocation methods,only point-wise evaluations of the stochastic output response surface are required allowing the use of legacy deterministic codes and precluding the need for any dedicated stochastic code to solve the uncertain problem of *** new approach differs from these standard methods in that it is based on ideas directly linked to the recently developed compressed sensing *** technique allows the retrieval of the modes that contribute most significantly to the approximation of the solution using a minimal amount of *** generation of this information,via many solver calls,is almost always the bottle-neck of an uncertainty quantification *** the stochastic model output has a reasonably compressible representation in the retained approximation basis,the proposedmethod makes the best use of the available information and retrieves the *** quantification of the solution of both a 2-D and 8-D stochastic Shallow Water problem is used to demonstrate the significant performance improvement of the new method,requiring up to several orders of magnitude fewer solver calls than the usual sparse grid-based Polynomial chaos(Smolyak scheme)to achieve comparable approximation accuracy.

关键词： Uncertainty quantification compressed sensing collocation technique stochastic spectral decomposition Smolyak sparse approximation stochastic collocation

Interplay of non-conducting and conducting walls on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)natural convection flow in vertical micro-channel in the presence of induced magnetic field

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Propulsion and Power Research 2018年第4期7卷 296-307页

作者： Basant k.Jha Babatunde Aina Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria

In this research paper,exact solution for fully developed magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)natural convection flow of viscous,incompressible,electrically conducting fluid in parallel walls in the presence of velocity slip and temperature jump at the micro-channel walls electrically conducting fluid in the presence of transverse magnetic field is taken into equations are *** exact solutions in dimensionless form have been obtained under temperature field,induced current density and skin friction have been *** effects of interaction,Hartmann number and the magnetic Prandtl number are demonstrated through number causes a pronounced reduction in volume flow rate.

关键词： Transverse magnetic field Induced magnetic field Velocity slip Temperature jump Electrically conducting Electrically non-conductingwalls