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Management of difficult intravenous access:a qualitative revie

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world Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 467-478页

作者： Mingwei Ng Leong kwok Fai Mark Lateef Fatimah Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore

BACkGROUND:A perennial challenge faced by clinicians and made even more relevant with the global obesity epidemic,difficult intravenous access(DIVA)adversely impacts patient outcomes by causing significant downstream delays with many aspects of diagnoses and *** most published DIVA strategies are limited to various point-of-care ultrasound techniques while other“tricks-of-the-trade”and pearls for overcoming DIVA are mostly relegated to informal nonpublished material,this article seeks to provide a narrative qualitative review of the iterature on DIVA and consolidate these strategies into a practical ***:we conducted a literature search on PubMed using the keywords“difficult intravenous access”,“peripheral vascular access”and“peripheral venous access”and searched emergency medicine and anaesthesiology resources for relevant *** strategies were then categorized and incorporated into a DIVA ***:we propose a Vortex approach to DIVA that is modelled after the Difficult Airway Vortex concept:starting off with standard peripheral intravenous cannulation(PIVC)techniques,progressing sequentially on to ultrasound-guided cannulation and central venous cannulation and finally escalating to the most invasive intraosseous access should the patient be in extremis or should best efforts with the other lifelines ***:DIVA is a perennial problem that healthcare providers across various disciplines will be increasingly challenged *** is crucial to have a systematic stepwise approach such as the DIVA Vortex when managing such patients and have at hand a wide repertoire of techniques to draw upon.

关键词： Difficult intravenous access Venepuncture Vortex Peripheral intravenous cannulation

Roughness Effects on Continuous and Discrete Flows in Superhydrophobic Microchannels

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第5期9卷 1094-1105页

作者： Junfeng Zhang Daniel Y.kwok School of Engineering Laurentian UniversitySudburyOntarioP3E 2C6Canada Nanoscale Technology and Engineering Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaT2N 1N4Canada

The dynamic behaviors of continuous and discrete flows in superhydrophobic microchannels are investigated with a lattice Boltzmann *** characters of the superhydrophobic phenomenon are well observed from our simulations,including air trapped in the surface microstructures,high contact angles,low contact angle hysteresis,and reduced friction to fluid *** the roughness of a hydrophobic surface can produce a large flow rate through the channel due to the trapped air,implying less friction or large apparent *** apparent slip length appears to be independent to the channel width and could be considered as a surface *** a moving droplet,its behavior is affected by the surface roughness from two aspects:the contact angle difference between its two ends and the surface-liquid interfacial *** a consequence,the resulting droplet velocity changes with the surface roughness as firstly decreasing and then *** results are also compared with experimental observations and better agreement has been obtained than that from other numerical *** information from this study could be valuable for microfluidic systems.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann method interfacial slip superhydrophobicity solid-fluid interaction roughness effect microchannels

Atraumatic splenic rupture after cocaine use and acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: A case report and review of literature

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第12期11卷 433-442页

作者： Allan Mun Fai kwok Department of Surgery Wollongong Hospital

BACkGROUND Atraumatic splenic rupture(ASR)accounts for just over 3%of all cases of splenic rupture and is associated with a high mortality *** most common culprit is acute infection with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)but other documented aetiologies include neoplasia,other viral/bacterial infections,acute and chronic pancreatitis,amyloidosis and anticoagulant *** are four previous reports of cocaine-associated ASR but never before has it been documented in combination with concurrent acute EBV *** SUMMARY A 21-year-old man presented to hospital with acute left shoulder pain which radiated to the right shoulder and upper *** denied any history of recent trauma and had no relevant past medical *** took no regular prescription medications but had used cocaine within the previous 24 *** revealed splenomegaly,a Grade 3 subcapsular splenic haematoma,moderate haemoperitoneum and an incidental 9 mm splenic artery *** was also serological evidence of acute EBV *** endovascular embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm was performed and the splenic rupture was managed *** patient remained admitted in hospital for seven days and did not require any transfusion of blood *** imaging showed complete resolution of the haemoperitoneum after 5 *** importance of abstinence from illicit drug use was emphasised to the patient but it is unknown whether or not he remains *** This case demonstrates that ASR is a rare condition that can result from acute EBV infection and cocaine ingestion and requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose clinically.

关键词： Atraumatic Spontaneous Splenic rupture Cocaine Epstein-Barr virus Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm Case report

Evaluation of particle packing models by comparing with published test results

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Particuology 2014年第5期12卷 108-115页

作者： k.w.Chan A.k.H.kwan Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong

The existing particle packing density models each with two or more parameters accounting for certain particle interactions （the loosening effect parameter, wall effect parameter, wedging effect parameter, and compaction index, denoted by a, b, c, and k, respectively） may be classified into the 2-parameter model （with a and b incorporated）, the compressible model （with a, b, and 1（incorporated）, and the 3- parameter model （with a, b, and c incorporated）. This paper evaluates these models by comparing their respective packing density predictions with the test results published in the literature. It was found that their accuracy varies with both the size ratio and volumetric fractions of the binary mix. In general, when the size ratio is larger than 0.65, all the packing models are sufficiently accurate. However, when the size ratio is smaller than 0.65, some of them become inaccurate and the errors tend to be larger at around the volumetric fractions giving maximum packing density. Relatively, the 3-parameter model is the most accurate and widely applicable.

关键词： Packing density Particle packing models Particle interactions

Bioregeneration of spent activated carbon:Review of key factors and recent mathematical models of kinetics

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 893-902页

作者： kwok-Yii Leong Siew-Leng Loo Mohammed J.k.Bashir wen-Da Oh Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao Jun-wei Lim Centre for water Research Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Membrane Technology Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute Nanyang Technological University Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT) Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Residues & Resource Reclamation Centre Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI) Nanyang Technological University Bio Product Development Program Faculty of Agro-Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

The disposal of spent activated carbon(AC) will inevitably create secondary pollution. In overcoming this problem, the spent AC can be regenerated by means of biological approach. Bioregeneration is the phenomenon in which through the action of microorganisms, the adsorbed pollutants on the surface of the AC will be biodegraded and this enables further adsorption of pollutants to occur with time elapse. This review provides the challenges and perspectives for effective bioregeneration to occur in biological activated carbon(BAC)column. Owing to very few reported works on the bioregeneration rate in BAC column, emphasis is put forward on the recently developed models of bioregeneration kinetic in batch system. All in all, providing potential solutions in increasing the lifespan of AC and the enhancement of bioregeneration rate will definitely overcome the bottlenecks in spent AC bioregeneration.

关键词： Bioregeneration Spent activated carbon Modeling of bioregeneration kinetic Concentration gradient Exoenzyme

The roles of atypical protein kinase Cs(aPkCs) in the nervous system: targets for neuroregeneration?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1475-1476页

作者： Dennis Dik-Long Chau kwok-Fai Lau School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong

The protein kinase C(PkC)family:PkC family is a subgroup of the AGC serine-threonine kinases that consists of 10 distinct members in mammals(Spitaler and Cantrell,2004).They all contain a C-terminal catalytic domain that is connected to the N-terminal regulatory *** are subdivided into three classes according to their structures and *** classical/conventional PkC isoforms possess tandem C1 domains that bind to their well-known activators diacylglycerol and phorbol esters and also contain a C2 domain that mediates the binding of Ca^2+-sensitive anionic phospholipids.

关键词： domains. subgroup system

Long-term outcomes of endothelial keratoplasty in Chinese eyes at a University Hospital

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 51-54页

作者： Alvin L Young Rachel Pw kwok Vishal Jhanji Lulu L Cheng Srinivas k Rao Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongPrince of Wales HospitalShatinHong KongChina Darshan Eye Clinic ChennaiIndia.

Background:Endothelial keratoplasty(Ek)is used increasingly for the management of cases with endothelial ***-term outcomes of the surgery are not widely reported in the *** report our experience of Ek in Chinese eyes at a University teaching ***:Retrospective analysis was performed for all cases of Ek performed between 2005 and *** analyzed included indication for surgery,associated surgical procedures,complications,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and overall graft ***:Overall,22 eyes of 21 patients underwent Ek(13 males,8 females,mean age 71.8±11.3 years).Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was the leading indication for surgery(n=12)followed by Fuchs’endothelial dystrophy(n=4),or both(n=3).Other indications for surgery included failed penetrating keratoplasty(n=2)and endothelial decompensation due to multiple surgeries(n=1).Triple procedure was performed in 5(22.7%)*** were noted in the form of postoperative interface hemorrhage(n=2,9%)and graft dislocation(n=1,4.5%).The mean postoperative endothelial cell density was 1069±585.8 cells/*** mean postoperative pachymetry was 675.8±108.5μ*** mean preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure was 11.3±3.2 and 13.9±4.5 mmHg *** the last follow-up(mean,47.4±13.7 months),BCVA was≥20/70 in 9(40.9%)*** of poor BCVA included primary graft failure(n=4),graft decompensation(n=4),advanced glaucoma(n=2)and irreversible graft rejection(n=2).Graft remained clear in 12(54.5%)cases at the last *** graft survival was 19.7±17.7 months(median 17.5 months).Conclusions:Nearly half of the Ek grafts in our study survived over a period of five *** failure,glaucoma and graft rejection were the main causes of poor graft survival.

关键词： Endothelial keratoplasty keratoplasty Long-term outcomes

A review on 5G technology for smart energy management and smart buildings in Singapore

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Energy and AI 2022年第1期7卷 149-168页

作者： Ghasan Fahim Huseien kwok wei Shah Department of the Build Environment School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117566Singapore

Sustainable and smart building is a recent concept that is gaining momentum in public opinion,and thus,it is making its way into the agendas of researchers and city authorities all over the *** move towards sustainable development goals,5G technology would make significant impacts are building construction,operation,and management by facilitating high-class services,providing efficient ***’s well known that the Singapore is one of top smart cities in this world and from the first counties that adopted of 5G technology in various sectors including smart *** on these facts,this paper discusses the international trends in 5G applications for smart buildings,and R&D and test bedding works conducted in 5G *** well as,the manuscript widely reviewed and discussed the 5G technology development,use cases,applications and future projects which supported by Singapore ***,the 5G use cases for smart buildings and build environment improvement application were *** study can serve as a benchmark for researchers and industries for the future progress and development of smart cities in the context of big data.

关键词： 5G technology Sustainability Smart building Facilities management Build environment

A review on MBE-grown HgCdSe infrared materials on GaSb(211)B substrates

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Chinese Physics B 2019年第1期28卷 116-125页

作者： Z k Zhang w w Pan J L Liu w Lei Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley 6009Australia

we review our recent efforts on developing HgCdSe infrared materials on Ga Sb substrates via molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) for fabricating next generation infrared detectors with features of lower production cost and larger focal plane array format size. In order to achieve high-quality HgCdSe epilayers, ZnTe buffer layers are grown before growing HgCdSe, and the study of misfit strain in ZnTe buffer layers shows that the thickness of ZnTe buffer layer needs to be below 300 nm in order to minimize the generation of misfit dislocations. The cut-off wavelength/alloy composition of HgCdSe materials can be varied in a wide range by varying the ratio of Se/Cd beam equivalent pressure during the HgCdSe *** temperature presents significant impact on the material quality of HgCdSe, and lower growth temperature leads to higher material quality for HgCdSe. Typically, long-wave infrared HgCdSe(x = 0.18, cut-off wavelength of 10.4 μm at 80 k) presents an electron mobility as high as 1.3×10~5cm^2·V^(-1)·s^(-1), a background electron concentration as low as 1.6×10^(16)cm^(-3), and a minority carrier lifetime as long as 2.2 μs. These values of electron mobility and minority carrier lifetime represent a significant improvement on previous studies of MBE-grown HgCdSe reported in the open literatures,and are comparable to those of counterpart HgCdTe materials grown on lattice-matched CdZnTe substrates. These results indicate that HgCdSe grown at the University of western Australia, especially long-wave infrared can meet the basic material quality requirements for making high performance infrared detectors although further effort is required to control the background electron concentration to below 10^(15)cm^(-3). More importantly, even higher quality HgCdSe materials on GaSb are expected by further optimizing the growth conditions, using higher purity Se source material, and implementing postgrowth thermal annealing and defect/impurity gettering/filtering. Our results demonst

关键词： infrared detector HgCdSe GaSb molecular beam epitaxy