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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第8期39卷 20-26页

作者： Nitin kumar Bhawana Joshi k.asokan Department of Applied Physics Gautam Buddha University Materials Science Division Inter University Accelerator Centre

The role of deposition rate in the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnOthin films deposited by electron beam evaporation method is investigated by varying the deposition powers viz. 50, 75, and 100 *** structural characterization of the films is done by X-ray diffraction(XRD) technique. The surface morphology of the films is studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Rutherford back scattering(RBS) measurements revealed the thickness of the films ranging from 200 nm to 400 and also a change in the concentration of oxygen vacancies which is found to be the maximum in the film deposited at the lowest deposition rate. Optical absorption spectrum is recorded using the UV–V is spectroscopy and the films are found to be transparent in nature. A shift in the absorption edge is observed and is attributed to a different level of allowed energy states in conduction band minimum. The Hall effect and electrical measurements show a variation in the carrier concentrations, mobility and resistivity of the films. In order to explore a better compromise in electrical and optical properties for transparent electrode applications, skin depths calculations are also done to find the optimized values of carrier concentration and mobility.

关键词： SnO_2 oxygen vacancies carrier concentration deposition rate electron beam evaporation

Trap analysis on Pt-AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode through deep level transient spectroscopy

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Journal of Semiconductors 2023年第4期44卷 92-97页

作者： Ashish kumar Jayjit Mukherjee D.S.Rawal k.asokan D.kanjilal Department of Physics School of Natural ScienceUniversity of Petroleum and Energy StudiesBidholiDehradun-248007India Inter University Accelerator Centre Aruna Asaf Ali RoadVasantkunjNew Delhi-110067India Solid State Physics Laboratory DRDOTimarpurNew Delhi-110054India

Trap characterization on GaN Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs)has been carried out using deep-level transient spectroscopy(DLTS).Selective probing by varying the ratio of the rate window values(r)incites different trap signatures at similar temperature *** traps are found to be within the values:0.05–1.2 eV from the conduction band edge whereas the hole traps 1.37–2.66 eV from the valence band edge on the *** the lower temperature regime,the deeper electron traps contribute to the capacitance transients with increasing r values,whereas at the higher temperatures>300 k,a slow variation of the trap levels(both electrons and holes)is observed when r is *** traps are found to be mainly contributed to dislocations,interfaces,and vacancies within the structure.

关键词： deep traps Pt-SBD DLTS rate window defects

Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IPS for Securing Cloud Environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen Banu A S.k.B.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie Bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-kDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al kabbani Christoph köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-kO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

Geographic Drone-based Route Optimization Approach for Emergency Area Ad-Hoc Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 985-1000页

作者： V.krishnakumar R.asokan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Kongunadu College of Engineering and TechnologyThottiamTrichy621215India

Wireless sensor Mobile ad hoc networks have excellent potential in moving and monitoring disaster area networks on real-time *** recent challenges faced in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)include scalability,localization,heterogeneous network,self-organization,and self-sufficient *** this background,the current study focuses on specially-designed communication link establishment for high connection stability of wireless mobile sensor networks,especially in disaster area *** protocols focus on location-dependent communications and use networks based on typically-used Internet Protocol(IP)***,IP-based communications have a few limitations such as inefficient bandwidth utilization,high processing,less transfer speeds,and excessive memory *** overcome these challenges,the number of neighbors(Node Density)is minimized and high Mobility Nodes(Node Speed)are *** proposed Geographic Drone Based Route Optimization(GDRO)method reduces the entire overhead to a considerable level in an efficient manner and significantly improves the overall performance by identifying the disaster *** drone communicates with anchor node periodically and shares the information to it so as to introduce a drone-based disaster network in an *** routing is a promising approach to enhance the routing efficiency in *** algorithm helps in reaching the anchor(target)node with the help of Geographical Graph-Based Mapping(GGM).Global Positioning System(GPS)is enabled on mobile network of the anchor node which regularly broadcasts its location information that helps in finding the *** first step,the node searches for local and remote anticipated Expected Transmission Count(ETX),thereby calculating the estimated *** Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI)results are stored in the local memory of the ***,the node calculates the least remote anticipated ETX,Link Loss Rate,and information to the new location.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) geographical graph-based mapping(GGM) geographic drone based route optimization data speed anchor node’s

Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： convective boundary condition Darcy-Forchheimer medium hybrid nanofluid Joule heating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical solution squeezing flow regression analysis O361 O175.2

Characterization of carbon black modified by maleic acid

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2013年第3期7卷 302-307页

作者： Vijayshankar asokan Pawel kOSINSkI Tore SkODVIN Velaug MYRSETH Department of Physics and Technology The University of Bergen Allegaten 55 Bergen 5007 Norway Carbontech Holding AS Conrad Mohrsvei 9C Bergen 5068 Norway Department of Chemistry The University of Bergen Allegaten 41 Bergen 5007 Norway

We present here a method for modifying the surface of carbon black （CB） using a simple heat treatment in the presence of a carboxylic acid as well as water or ethylene glycol as a solvent. CB was mixed with maleic acid and either water or ethylene glycol, and heated at 250℃. Unlike the traditional surface modification processes which use heat treatment of carbon with mineral acids the present modification method using a carboxylic acid proved to be simple and time efficient. CB from two different vendors was used, and the modified samples were characterized by TGA, BET surface area measurement, XRD, particle size and zeta potential measurements, and FTIR. It was found that several material properties, including thermal stability and surface area, of the modified CB are significantly altered relative to the parental carbon samples. This method provides a rapid and simple route to tailor new materials with desired properties.

关键词： carbon black (CB) carboxylic acid ethylene glycol thermal stability surface area

A HYBRID APPROACH FOR MINIMIZING MAkESPAN IN PERMUTATION FLOWSHOP SCHEDULING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第1期26卷 50-76页

作者： kannan Govindan R'Balasundaram N.Baskar e.asokan Center for Sustainable Engineering Operations Management Department of Technology and Innovation University of Southern Denmark Odense M Denmark-5230 Department of Mechanical Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India Pin-621112 Department of Mechanical Engineering Saranathan College of Engineering Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India Pin 620012 Department of Production Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India Pin-620015

This work proposes a hybrid approach for solving traditional flowshop scheduling problems to reduce the makespan （total completion time）. To solve scheduling problems, a combination of Decision Tree （DT） and Scatter Search （SS） algorithms are used. Initially, the DT is used to generate a seed solution which is then given input to the SS to obtain optimal / near optimal solutions of makespan. The DT used the entropy function to convert the given problem into a tree structured format / set of rules. The SS provides an extensive investigation of the search space through diversification. The advantages of both DT and SS are used to form a hybrid approach. The proposed algorithm is tested with various benchmark datasets available for flowshop scheduling. The statistical results prove that the proposed method is competent and efficient for solving flowshop problems.

关键词： Flowshop scheduling makespan decision tree algorithm scatter search algorithm hybrid algorithm