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Ethnomedicinal knowledge of indigenous communities and pharmaceutical potential of rainforest ecosystems in Fiji Islands

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期17卷 244-249页

作者： shipra shah Jahangeer A.Bhat Department of Forestry College of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Nausori Fiji National University

The World Health Organization recently raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance and lack of novel antibiotics in the health sector. The success rate of drug discovery is higher when chemical constituents are sourced from natural products and when drug candidates are based on the indigenous knowledge of local communities. Tropical rainforests are an important source of medicinal plants for traditional healthcare systems. The pharmaceutical industry also recognizes the potential of rainforests in novel drug development. However, habitat degradation and loss of traditional knowledge are endangering the healing powers of nature. The islands of Fiji have a rich cultural history of traditional medicine and a number of medicinal plants are sourced from the country's rainforest ecosystems. While deforestation and forest degradation are decimating unique rainforest biodiversity and reducing access to medicinal plants in the wild, inter-generational erosion of ethnobotanical knowledge is attributed to acculturation, rural-urban migration and their effects on the transmission of oral traditions from one generation to another. Under these conditions, plants may disappear before their therapeutic value is formally identified. This review summarizes the importance of traditional medicinal knowledge and the potential for drug discovery from the tropical rainforest ecosystems of Fiji. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed to realize the true potential of ethnopharmacology in this country.

关键词： Medicinal plants Rainforest Ethnomedicine Traditional knowledge Fiji Islands Drug discovery

Graphene/srTiO3 hetero interface studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2016年第4期26卷 422-426页

作者： s.karamat C.ke U.Y.Inkaya Rizwan Akram Ilker Yildiz s.shah Zaman A.Oral Department of Physics Middle East Technical University COMsATs Institute of Information Technology Microelectronics Centre School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Qassim University

The present paper focuses on study of graphene and strontium titanate（srTiO3or sTO） interface. An ambient pressure chemical vapour deposition（AP-CVD） setup is used to grow graphene on sTO（110）substrates in the presence of methane, argon and hydrogen gases at 1000 °C for 4 h. Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the presence of graphene on sTO substrates due to the existence of typical D and G peaks referring to graphene. These characteristic peaks are missing in the spectrum for bare substrates.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPs） is carried out for elemental analysis of samples, and study their bonding with sTO substrates. We employed the valence band spectrum to calculate the valence band offset（VBO） and conduction band offset（CBO） at the G-sTO interface. Also, we present an energy band diagram for Bi-layer and ABC（arranging pattern of carbon layers） stacked graphene layers.

关键词： Chemical vapour deposition X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy Graphene Valence band maximum

Convergence of COVID-19 and recurrent stroke:In-hospital mortality risks explored

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 5-8页

作者： Basavraj s Nagoba shree V Dhotre Ajay M Gavkare sachin s Mumbre Pradnya s Dhotre Department of Microbiology Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research(Medical College)Latur 413531India Department of Microbiology Ashwini Rural Medical CollegeSolapur 413001India Department of Community Medicine Ashwini Rural Medical CollegeSolapur 413001India Department of Biochemistry Ashwini Rural Medical CollegeSolapur 413001India

This editorial comments on the article by Desai et al,which investigates the impact of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on in-hospital mortality among patients with recurrent stroke using data from the 2020 National Inpatient *** findings reveal significantly higher mortality rates in COVID-19-positive patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients,particularly among middle-aged individuals,males,and ethnic *** editorial explores the underlying mechanisms contributing to these outcomes and discusses the clinical implications for targeted management strategies in high-risk *** results emphasize the need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate the heightened risks faced by recurrent stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Recurrent stroke COVID-19 In-hospital mortality Nationwide analysis stroke admissions Infectious diseases Chronic health conditions Hypercoagulability

Investigation into machining performance of microstructurally engineered in-situ particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 916-935页

作者： s.k.sahoo B.N.sahoo s.k.Panigrahi Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Applied Magnesium Research Group Center of Excellence in Materials and Manufacturing for Futuristic MobilityIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Mechanical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat 395007India

Magnesium and magnesium in-situ composites have significant potential in the application of design and manufacturing for automotive and aerospace industries because of their high specific strength and reduced fuel *** there are many challenges for machining of Mg based alloys and composites because of the high tendency of fire and *** challenges can be minimized through microstructural *** this present study,the machining performances of AZ91 Mg alloy and in-situ hybrid TiC+TiB_(2)reinforced AZ91 metal matrix composite was *** effectβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phases and grain refinement with and without in-situ particles on machinability were studied through microstructural engineering via aging and friction stir *** end milling operation was carried out at different cutting speeds ranging from 25 mm/min to 90 mm/min under dry environment by using an AlTiN-coated tungsten carbide *** optimum cutting speed for machining was found to be 75 mm/min based on the surface roughness values of all conditioned *** base material with dendritic microstructure was found to have poor machinability in terms of inadequate surface finish and edge-burrs *** combined effect of in-situ TiC+TiB_(2)particles addition and grain refinement enhanced the machining performance of the material with superior surface finish,negligible edge-burr formation and better tool wear *** influence of in-situ TiC+TiB_(2)particles,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phases and grain refinement on machining characteristics are explained based on the tool wear mechanisms,chip behavior and machining induced affected zone.

关键词： Magnesium In-situ composite End-milling Tool wear Chip morphology

The mental health of China and Pakistan,mental health laws and COVID-19 mental health policies:a comparative review

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General Psychiatry 2022年第5期35卷 288-296页

作者： s Mudasser shah Taipeng sun Wei Xu Wenhao Jiang Yonggui Yuan Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Zhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina

Mental health is one of the major causes of disability worldwide,and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are ranked among the top 25 leading causes of disease burden in the *** burden is considerable over the lifetime of both men and women and in various settings and *** study aims to compare the mental health status of people in China and Pakistan and to highlight the mental health laws and policies during COVID-19 and *** to the literature on mental health,before the COVID-19 pandemic,mental health problems increased gradually,but during and after the COVID-19 pandemic,an abrupt surge occurred in mental health *** overcome mental health disorders,most(but not all)countries have mental health laws,but some countries ignore mental health *** is one such country that has mental health laws and policies and,during the COVID-19 pandemic,China made beneficial and robust policies and laws,thereby succeeding in defeating the COVID-19 *** mortality rate and financial loss were also lower than in other *** Pakistan has mental health laws and general health policies,the law is only limited to paperwork and *** it came to COVID-19,Pakistan did not make any specific laws to overcome the *** health problems are greater in Pakistan than in China,and China’s mental health laws and policies are more robust and more widely implemented than those in *** conclude that there are fewer mental health issues in China than in Pakistan both before and since the COVID-19 *** has strong mental health laws and these are robustly implemented,while the mental health law in Pakistan is not applied in practice.

关键词： law COV mental

Ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica ameliorates ovarian defects through phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibition in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第1期10卷 21-28页

作者： shraddha V.Patel Harsh Maru Vishal k.Chavda Jigar N.shah snehal s.Patel Department of Pharmacology Institute of PharmacyNirma UniversityAhmadabadGujarat382481India

Objective:To assess the therapeutic potential of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta(A.)indica in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOs).Methods:Thirty-five prepubertal female sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with 7 animals in each *** 1 received 0.5%carboxy methyl cellulose *** 2 to 5 received testosterone propionate(0.2 mg/kg,s.c.)dissolved in olive oil daily for 42 days to induce *** addition,group 3 was administered with *** extract(100 mg/kg,0.5%carboxy methyl cellulose orally)from the 7th to 12th week,group 4 received quercetin(100 mg/kg,0.5%carboxy methyl cellulose orally)and group 5 received wartmannin(100 mg/kg,0.5%carboxy methyl cellulose orally).At the end of treatment,blood was collected for biochemical *** follicular count and uterus corpus luteum count followed by PI3k gene expression in the ovary and uterus were ***:The ethanolic extracts of *** significantly reduced body weight,ovary weight and uterus weight of *** of *** also significantly increased the levels of serum glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein,very low-density lipoprotein,insulin,testosterone,and luteinizing *** also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant parameters in the liver homogenates of PCOs-induced *** examination of the ovary and uterus confirmed PCOs occurrence and remission state in the PCOs-induced and treated groups,***,*** and quercetin significantly downregulated PI3k gene *** results of the ovary and uterus also proved the protective role of ***:*** leaf extract has beneficial effects in the treatment of PCOs by downregulation of PI3k gene expression.

关键词： Azadirachta indica PI3 kinase Quercetin steroidogenesis Testosterone propionate Wartmannin

Pulsatile blood flow in large arteries:comparative study of Burton's and McDonald's models

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2014年第5期35卷 575-590页

作者： k.GAYATHRI k.sHAILENDHRA Department of Mathematics Amrita School of Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

To get a clear picture of the pulsatile nature of blood flow and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a comparative study of blood flow in large arteries is carried out using the two widely used models, McDonald＇s and Burton＇s models, for the pressure gradient. For both models, the blood velocity in the lumen is obtained analytically. Elaborate investigations on the wall shear stress （Wss） and oscillatory shear index （OsI） are carried out. The results are in good agreement with the available data in the literature. The superiority of McDonald＇s model in capturing the pulsatile nature of blood flow, especially the OsI, is highlighted. The present investigation supports the hypothesis that not only Wss but also OsI are the essential features determining the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Finally, by reviewing the limitations of the present investigation, the possibility of improvement is explored.

关键词： hemodynamics wall shear stressrealistic pressure gradient Beavers and Josephpulmonary artery(Wss) oscillatory(B J) slip conditionshear index (OsI) femoral brachial

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref kevin k.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas kobeissy Department of surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse school of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

Dynamics of entanglement protection of two qubits using a driven laser field and detunings:Independent and common,Markovian and/or non-Markovian regimes

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第4期27卷 170-177页

作者： s Golkar M k Tavassoly Atomic and Molecular Group Faculty of PhysicsYazd University

Preventing quantum entanglement from decoherence effect is of theoretical and practical importance in the quantum information processing *** this regard,we consider the entanglement dynamics of two identical qubits where the qubits which are coupled to two independent（Markovian and/or non-Markovian） as well as a common reservoir at zero temperature are further interacted with a classical driving laser ***,we study the preservation of generated two-qubit entanglement in various situations using the concurrence *** is shown that by applying the classical driving field and so the possibility of controlling the Rabi frequency,the amount of entanglement of the two-qubit system is improved in the off-resonance condition between the qubit and the central cavity frequencies（central detuning） in both non-Markovian and Markovian *** the central detuning has a constructive role,the detuning between the qubit and the classical field（laser detuning） affects negatively on the entanglement *** obtained results show that long-living entanglement in the non-Markovian reservoir is more accessible than in the Markovian *** demonstrate that,in a common reservoir non-zero stationary entanglement is achievable whenever the two-qubit system is coupled to the reservoir with appropriate values of relative coupling strengths.

关键词： entanglement Markovian and non-Markovian reservoir Rabi frequency concurrence