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上海毛麻科技 1992年第1期 44-48页

作者： julia.,r 徐苔菌

Beyond wrecking a wall:revisiting the concept of blood–brain barrier breakdown in ischemic stroke

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 1944-1956页

作者： julia.Castillo-González Elena González-rey Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra(IPBLN) CSICPT SaludGranadaSpain

The blood–brain barrier constitutes a dynamic and interactive boundary separating the central nervous system and the peripheral *** tightly modulates the ion transport and nutrient influx,while restricting the entry of harmful factors,and selectively limiting the migration of immune cells,thereby maintaining brain *** the well-established association between blood–brain barrier disruption and most neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases,much remains unknown about the factors influencing its physiology and the mechanisms underlying its ***,the role of blood–brain barrier breakdown in the translational failure underlying therapies for brain disorders is just starting to be *** review aims to revisit this concept of“blood–brain barrier breakdown,”delving into the most controversial aspects,prevalent challenges,and knowledge gaps concerning the lack of blood–brain barrier *** moving beyond the oversimplistic dichotomy of an“open”/“bad”or a“closed”/“good”barrier,our objective is to provide a more comprehensive insight into blood–brain barrier dynamics,to identify novel targets and/or therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating blood–brain barrier ***,in this review,we advocate for considering the diverse time-and location-dependent alterations in the blood–brain barrier,which go beyond tight-junction disruption or brain endothelial cell breakdown,illustrated through the dynamics of ischemic stroke as a case *** this exploration,we seek to underscore the complexity of blood–brain barrier dysfunction and its implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of brain diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier disruption drug delivery ischemic stroke neuroinflammation tight-junctions

Novel phenotype of mouse spermatozoa following deletion of nine β-defensin genes

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 716-719,I0005-I0006页

作者： julia.r Dorin Formerly at MrC Human Genetics Unit IGMM University of Edinburgh now at MRC Centre for Inflammation Research University of Edinburgh Queen's MedicalResearch Institute 47 Little France Crescent Edinburgh EH16 4TJ Scotland UK

β-defensin peptides are a large family of antimicrobial peptides. Although they kill microbes in vitroand interact with immune cells, the precise role of these genes in vivo remains uncertain. Despite their inducible presence at mucosal surfaces, their main site of expression is the epididymis. recent evidence suggests that a major function of these peptides is in sperm maturation. In addition to previous work suggesting this, work at the MrC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, has shown that homozygous deletion of a cluster of nine β-defensin genes in the mouse results in profound male sterility. The spermatozoa derived from the mutants had reduced motility and increased fragility. Epididymal spermatozoa isolated from the cauda region of the homozygous mutants demonstrated precocious capacitation and increased spontaneous acrosome reactions compared with those from wild-types. Despite this, these mutant spermatozoa had reduced ability to bind to the zona pellucida of oocytes. Ultrastructural examination revealed a disintegration of the microtubule structure of mutant-derived spermatozoa isolated from the epididymal cauda region, but not from the caput. Consistent with premature acrosome reaction and hyperactivation, spermatozoa from mutant animals had significantly increased intracellular calcium content. This work demonstrates that in vivo β-defensins are essential for successful sperm maturation, and that their disruption alters intracellular calcium levels, which most likely leads to premature activation and spontaneous acrosome reactions that result in hyperactivation and loss of microtubule structure of the axoneme. Determining which of the nine genes are responsible for the phenotype and the relevance to human sperm function is important for future work on male infertility.

关键词： acrosome reaction antimicrobial capacitation epididymis sperm β-defensins

Social Vulnerability Factors and reported Post-Disaster Needs in the Aftermath of Hurricane Florence

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： julia.Crowley Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice Western Carolina UniversityCullowheeNC 28723USA

This research examines the relationship between social vulnerability factors and reported needs following Hurricane *** least squares regression models were used to identify predictor variables for valid registrations that reported needs pertaining to emergencies,food,and *** consisted of zip codes in North Carolina and South Carolina that received individual assistance for Hurricane Florence(N=406).The results suggest that when controlling for event-specific factors and flood mitigation factors,the proportions of the population that is female,the population over 65,the population aged5 and under,the population older than 5 years not speaking English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported emergency *** controlling for the same variables,the proportions of the population over the age of 25 with a Bachelor’s degree,the female population,the population aged 5 and under,the population above 5 years old that does not speak English,and the minority population were all predictors of the per capita reported food *** the same variables controlled for,three variables—the proportions of the population over65,the population aged 5 and under,and the non-Englishspeaking population above 5 years of age—were all predictors of the per capita reported shelter *** results suggest that more attention should be given to these vulnerable populations in the pre-disaster planning process.

关键词： FEMA Hurricane Florence Social vulnerability Post-disaster needs

Multidimensional separation due to selective spherical agglomeration—Evidence of shape separation via X-ray microtomography

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 316-323页

作者： julia.Schreier Ulrich Brockel University of Applied Sciences Trier Institute for Micro-Process-Engineering and Particle Technology(IMiP)Umwelt-Campus BirkenfeldP.O.Box 1380D-55761 BirkenfeldGermany

Objective of this work was to develop a novel method for characterizing real 3D shapes of particles smaller than 20μm by X-ray microtomography(X-rMT).Multidimensional separation of heterogenous solids through agglomeration in suspension will improve recycling processes as the particle shape and the agglomerate size are used for shape-selective *** the present paper we discuss the fundamentals of X-ray tomography and the experimental setup for selective spherical agglomeration in suspension.A specific preparation method of the particulate sample for X-rMT followed by 3D image processing,are essential for the shape analysis expressed as *** also discuss the limitation of this method due to the so-called Partial Volume Effect and particle clusters in the order of magnitude of X-rMT *** proof of concept,we used a mixture of graphite platelets and spheronized graphite particles for a shape selective-agglomeration in *** remaining fines were analyzed and showed more platelets than in the *** indicates that spheronized particles are preferably bound in the *** findings show that,based on the discussed sample preparation and a 3D image analysis in connection with X-rMT,particle shapes of micronized particles can be discriminated.

关键词： Multidimensional separation X-ray microtomography Selective agglomeration Particle shape Graphite

Cold-temperature deformation of nano-sized tungsten and niobium as revealed by in-situ nano-mechanical experiments

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 652-662页

作者： LEE Seok-Woo CHENG YinTong rYU Ill GrEEr julia.r. Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology School of Engineering Brown University

We constructed and developed an in-situ cryogenic nanomechanical system to study small-scale mechanical behavior of materials at low temperatures. Uniaxial compression of two body-centered-cubic （bcc） metals, Nb and W, with diameters between 400 and 1300 rim, was studied at room temperature and at 165 K. Experiments were conducted inside of a Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） equipped with a nanomechanical module, with simultaneous cooling of sample and diamond tip. Stress-strain data at 165 K exhibited higher yield strengths and more extensive strain bursts on average, as compared to those at 298 K. We discuss these differences in the framework of nano-sized plasticity and intrinsic lattice resistance. Dislocation dynamics simulations with surface-controlled dislocation multiplication were used to gain insight into size and temperature effects on deformation of nano-sized bcc metals.

关键词： dislocation plasticity metal nanopillar cryogenics

Here comes the sun:How optimization of photosynthetic light reactions can boost crop yields

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 564-591页

作者： julia.Walter Johannes Kromdijk Department of Plant Sciences University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EA UK Carl r Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIllinois61801 USA

Photosynthesis started to evolve some 3.5 billion years ago CO;is the substrate for photosynthesis and in the past 200-250 years,atmospheric levels have approximately doubled due to human industrial ***,this time span is not sufficient for adaptation mechanisms of photosynthesis to be evolutionarily *** increases in human population,shortage of arable land and food,and climate change call for actions,*** to substantial research efforts and advances in the last century,basic knowledge of photosynthetic and primary metabolic processes can now be translated into strategies to optimize photosynthesis to its full potential in order to improve crop yields and food supply for the *** different approaches have been proposed in recent years,some of which have already proven successful in different crop ***,we summarize recent advances on modifications of the complex network of photosynthetic light *** are the starting point of all biomass production and supply the energy equivalents necessary for downstream processes as well as the oxygen we breathe.

关键词： bioengineering crop improvement electron transfer light reactions photosynthesis photosystem stress tolerance

Equilibrium Arrivals to Preemptive Queueing System with Fixed and random Population Size

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Journal of the Operations research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 77-92页

作者： julia.Chirkova Vladimir Mazalov Institute of Applied Mathematical research Karelian Research Centre of RASPetrozavodsk185910Russia School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071ShandongChina

A single-server queueing system with preemptive access is *** customer has one attempt to enter the system at its working interval[0,T].As soon as the customer request enters the system,the server immediately starts the *** when the next request arrives in the system,the previous one leaves the system even he has not finished his service *** study a non-cooperative game in which the customers wish to maximize their probability of obtaining service within a certain period of *** characterize the Nash equilibrium and the price of anarchy,which is defined as the ratio between the optimal and equilibrium social *** models are *** the first model the number of players is fixed,while in the second it is random and obeys the Poisson *** demonstrate that there exists a unique symmetric equilibrium for both ***,we calculate the price of anarchy for both models and show that the price of anarchy is not monotone with respect to the number of customers.

关键词： Service system Preemptive priorities Strategic users random number of players Optimal arrivals Kolmogorov backward equations Nash equilibrium Price of anarchy

SUSTAINABLE MULTIFAMILY KITCHEN DESIGN:A STUDENT ELICITATION APPrOACH

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第2期13卷 55-66页

作者： Erin A.Hopkins Kathleen r.Parrott julia.O.Beamish Property Management College of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia Tech residential Environments and Design College of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia Tech College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences Virginia Tech

This case study focuses on the sustainable design of a demonstration kitchen space within a multifamily residence through a student lens.A project-based learning opportunity for undergraduate students in a senior-level kitchen and bath design studio was created to redesign a multifamily starter kitchen space into a multifamily sustainable kitchen space within the Center for real Life Kitchen Design at Virginia *** completion of this student project,a content analysis was employed to uncover sustainability themes within these student *** students are making the environment and sustainability priorities in their shopping choices,uncovering student themes regarding multifamily sustainability kitchen design criteria can uncover trends important to this millennial generation(The Nielsen Company,2015;Timm,2014).Furthermore,as demand for sustainability increases,comparing student themes to multifamily industry sustainability certification systems may unearth potential gaps in the industry which need to be *** there are several sustainability certification agencies that apply to multifamily in general,there is no one specific source for sustainability guidelines for kitchens,much less in multifamily *** lack of guidelines and the inconsistency between existing certification programs make it confusing for consumers,developers,designers,and students to value and weigh elements of a sustainable kitchen project,especially with respect to multifamily *** examining kitchens using current sustainability certification programs as well as this case study,recommendations can be put forth to shape guidelines for sustainable multifamily kitchens that are both clearly understood and sensitive to the ***,this could lead to sustainable kitchen design features becoming more commonplace in the multifamily resident home.

关键词： sustainable kitchen design project-based learning demonstration kitchen green building certification for multifamily housing content analysis methodology

Niche overlap in allotopic and syntopic populations of sexually interacting ground-hopper species

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 391-402页

作者： Axel Hochkirch julia.Groning Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier University of Osnabruck Department of Biologyl Chemistry Division of Ecology Osnabrock Germany

There is accumulating evidence that sexual interactions among species （reproductive interference） could have dramatic effects for species＇ coexistence. It has been shown that the fitness of individuals can be substantially reduced as a consequence of reproductive interference. This might subsequently lead to displacement of a species （sexual exclusion）. On the other hand, some evolutionary and ecological mechanisms might enable species to coexist, such as the divergence of mate recognition systems （reproductive character displacement）, habitat partitioning, clumped dispersion patterns or different colonization capabilities. We have previously shown that the two ground-hopper species Tetrix subulata and Tetrix ceperoi interact sexually in the laboratory as well as in the field. At sites where both species co-occur niche overlap was high, suggesting that coexistence is maintained by different niche breadths rather than by habitat partitioning. To test the hypothesis that habitat partitioning does not contribute to species＇ coexistence, we examined whether allotopic and syntopic populations of these two species differ in niche overlap （competitive release）, Our results show that niche overlap is higher in syntopic than in allotopic populations, suggesting that the site-specific habitat structure （heterogeneity） has a stronger influence on microhabitat utilization than the presence of heterospecifics. Hence, our data do not support the hypothesis that habitat partitioning plays a substantial role for the coexistence of these sexually interacting species.

关键词： coexistence competition niche breadth niche partitioning reproductive interference