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Delimiting species in Basidiomycota:a review

Fungal Diversity 2021年第4期109卷 181-237页

作者： Bin Cao Danny Haelewaters Nathan Schoutteten Dominik Begerow Teun Boekhout Admir J.Giachini Sergio P.Gorjón Nina Gunde-Cimerman Kevin D.Hyde martin Kemler Guo-Jie Li Dong-Mei Liu Xin-Zhan Liu Jorinde Nuytinck Viktor Papp Anton Savchenko Kyryll Savchenko Leho Tedersoo Bart Theelen Marco Thines Michal Tomšovský Merje Toome-Heller Judith P.Urón Annemieke Verbeken Alfredo Vizzini Andrey M.Yurkov juan Carlos Zamora Rui-Lin Zhao State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Botany and Plant Pathology College of AgriculturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Geobotany Ruhr-Universität Bochum44801 BochumGermany Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute 3508 AD UtrechtThe Netherlands Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam1090 GE AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Microbiology Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSC 88040-900Brazil Department of Botany and Plant Physiology University of Salamanca37007 SalamancaSpain Department of Biology Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of VegetableCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001Hebei ProvinceChina Institute of Ecology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Naturalis Biodiversity Center 2300 RA LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Botany Institute of AgronomyHungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences1518 BudapestHungary Institute of Ecology&Earth Sciences University of Tartu51014 TartuEstonia Department of Biological Sciences Butler UniversityIndianapolisIN 46219USA Center of Mycology and Microbiology University of Tartu14a Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Researc

Species delimitation is one of the most fundamental processes in *** undertakings,for instance,require explicit species concepts and criteria for species delimitation in order to be relevant and ***,a perfect species concept does not exist for ***,we review the species concepts commonly used in Basidiomycota,the second largest phylum of Fungi that contains some of the best known species of mushrooms,rusts,smuts,and jelly *** general,best practice is to delimitate species,publish new taxa,and conduct taxonomic revisions based on as many independent lines of evidence as possible,that is,by applying a so-called unifying(or integrative)conceptual ***,the types of data used vary considerably from group to *** this reason we discuss the different classes of Basidiomycota,and for each provide:(i)a general introduction with difficulties faced in species recognition,(ii)species concepts and methods for species delimitation,and(iii)community recommendations and conclusions.

关键词： Biological species concept Morphological species concept Phylogenetic species concept Taxonomy

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氢溴酸2,4-二氯-6-苯基苯氧乙基二乙基胺(Lilly18947)抗克氏锥虫的作用(英文)

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第5期23卷 17-22页

作者： Adriana Silvina BERNACCHI,Berta FRANKE de CAZZULO,Jose Alberto CASTRO,juan Jose CAZZULO Centro de Investigations Toxicologicas CEITOX-CITEFA/CONICET J B de La Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Centro de Investigations Toxicologicas CEITOX-CITEFA/CONICET J B de La Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Institute de Investigations Biotecnologicas Universidad National de General San martin San martin Casilla de Correo 30 1650 Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Centro de Investigations Toxicologicas CEITOX-CITEFA/CONICET J B de La Salle 4397 1603 Villa Martelli Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina

AIM: To study the effect of the inhibitor of cytochrome P450 known as Lilly 18947 (2,4 dichloro-6 phenyl-phenoxy ethyl diethylamine) on Trypanosoma cruzi. METHODS: Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes wen grown in culture, in absence or in presence of drug. The inhibition of its growth was followed by daily counting using a Neubauer chamber. The effect of Lilly 18947 on the parasite ultrastructure was examined by electron microscopy. To test the effect of different concentrations of drug on the parasite cycle, Vero cells were inoculated with trypomastigotes ( RA strain ) and after 72 h the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites were estimated and expressed as the endocytic index. RESULTS: Growth of epimastigotes was inhibited by Lilly 18947. Concentrations as low as 50 μmol/L resulted in a complete disappearance of the parasites in culture by the fourth day. With lower concentrations, little growth was observed and total (25 μmol/L) or partial lysis (10μmol/L) were register

关键词： Lilly 18947 锥虫克氏抗锥虫药 Vero细胞

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别现代融媒视域下编辑与作者关系的“附魅”与“解魅”之维--基于西方文艺理论视角

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编辑之友 2023年第6期 85-90页

作者：邢娟妮李丹上海师范大学人文学院上海200234 温州大学学报编辑部浙江温州325035

别现代融媒视域下,面对“未定”“此在”“将是”人媒共生的别样出版现象,编辑与作者在书刊出版活动中发挥着重要作用,于现实中呈现出一种“附魅”的状况。如何对“附魅”进行“解魅”,如何处理好编辑与作者之间的关系,文章基于萨特“... 详细信息

别现代融媒视域下,面对“未定”“此在”“将是”人媒共生的别样出版现象,编辑与作者在书刊出版活动中发挥着重要作用,于现实中呈现出一种“附魅”的状况。如何对“附魅”进行“解魅”,如何处理好编辑与作者之间的关系,文章基于萨特“看—被看”的视觉空间理论、马丁·布伯的“我—你”交往行为理论以及布莱希特的间离效果理论维度,提出编辑与作者应具有自律自为的边界意识、平等的交往对话意识及以人为本的客观意识,予以“解魅”,以提高书刊出版在社会市场中的竞争力。

关键词：别现代融媒体书刊出版编辑作者 “附魅” “解魅”

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Effectiveness and safety of first-generation protease inhibitors in clinical practice:Hepatitis C virus patients with advanced fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第30期21卷 9163-9174页

作者： Javier Salmeron Carmen Vinaixa Ruben Berenguer juan Manuel Pascasio juan Jose Sanchez Ruano Miguel angel Serra Ana Gila Moises Diago Manuel Romero-Gomez Jose Maria Navarro Milagros Testillano Conrado Fernandez Dolores Espinosa Isabel Carmona Jose Antonio Pons Francisco Jorquera Francisco Javier Rodriguez Ramon Perez Jose Luis Montero Rafael Granados Miguel Fernandez Ana Belen martin Paloma Munoz de Rueda Rosa Quiles CIBERehd Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ28029 MadridSpain Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada University Hospital Politecnico La Fe Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases University Hospital Virgen Del Rocio Hospital Toledo University Clinic Hospital of Valencia University General Hospital of Valencia Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases University Hospital Nuestra Senora de Valme Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol University Hospital Cruces Gastroenterology Unit University Hospital Fundacion Alcorcon University Hospital Virgen Macarena University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital of Leon University General Hospital Reina Sofia Department Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Central de Asturias University Hospital Reina Sofia University Hospital De Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara

AIM:To evaluates the effectiveness and safety of the first generation,NS3/4A protease inhibitors(PIs) in clinical practice against chronic C virus,especially in patients with advanced fibrosis. METHODS:Prospective study and non-experimental analysis of a multicentre cohort of 38 Spanish hospitals that includes patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1,treatment-na?ve(TN) or treatment-experienced(TE),who underwent triple therapy with the first generation NS3/4A protease inhibitors,boceprevir(BOC) and telaprevir(TVR),in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The patients were treatment in routine practice settings. Data on the study population and on adverse clinical and virologic effects were compiled during the treatment period and during follow ***:One thousand and fifty seven patients were included,405(38%) were treated with BOC and 652(62%) with TVR. Of this total,30%(n = 319) were TN and the remaining were TE:28%(n = 298) relapsers,12%(n = 123) partial responders(PR),25%(n = 260) null-responders(NR) and for 5%(n = 57) with prior response unknown. The rate of sustained virologic response(SVR) by intention-to-treatment(ITT) was greater in those treated with TVR(65%) than in those treated with BOC(52%)(P < 0.0001),whereas by modified intention-to-treatment(m ITT) no were found significant differences. By degree of fibrosis,56% of patients were F4 and the highest SVR rates were recorded in the non-F4 patients,both TN and TE. In the analysis by groups,the TN patients treated with TVR by ITT showed a higher SVR(P = 0.005). However,by m ITT there were no significant differences between BOC and TVR. In the multivariate analysis by m ITT,the significant SVR factors were relapsers,IL28 B CC and non-F4; the type of treatment(BOC or TVR) was not significant. The lowest SVR values were presented by the F4-NR patients,treated with BOC(46%) or with TVR(45%). 28% of the patients interrupted the treatment,mainly by non-viral response(51%):this outcome was

关键词： Hepatitis C Boceprevir Telaprevir First-generation protease inhibitors Advanced fibrosis

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灰鹤在迁徙途中撞击高压线伤亡分析与视觉盲区初探

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动物学杂志 2021年第5期56卷 648-654页

作者：马鸣蒋可威梅宇王文娟 Graham martin 李军伟陈雨萧王述潮吴道宁中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所南昌330031 英国伯明翰大学生物科学院 B152TT UK

广布于欧亚大陆的灰鹤(Grusgrus)又叫普通鹤、欧亚鹤。采用直接计数法,观测灰鹤的迁徙活动。依据2019至2021年在乌鲁木齐郊区连续3年搜集灰鹤迁徙期遭遇高压线(220kV)挂碰遇难的数据,简单介绍伤亡案例的特点。可能是因为灰鹤前端有一个... 详细信息

广布于欧亚大陆的灰鹤(Grusgrus)又叫普通鹤、欧亚鹤。采用直接计数法,观测灰鹤的迁徙活动。依据2019至2021年在乌鲁木齐郊区连续3年搜集灰鹤迁徙期遭遇高压线(220kV)挂碰遇难的数据,简单介绍伤亡案例的特点。可能是因为灰鹤前端有一个视觉盲区,致49只灰鹤碰撞了高压线,统计到伤亡率达5.4%。伤亡者多是1龄以上4龄以内的亚成鸟(占94%),成鸟占6%,尚未见1龄内幼鸟。现场解剖,伤亡者的断翅率最高,达到53%;腿被撞折的比率也很高,达51%;腹部或背部擦伤占24%;头或颈部碰伤约为14%。因为碰挂后落地(≥30 m架空线),造成二次受伤,结果有41%的灰鹤身体是多处受伤(复合伤)。最后,对视野盲区进行了初步分析,探讨伤亡的原因,并介绍和推荐几种行之有效的解决办法。

关键词：灰鹤鸟撞电网伤亡率迁徙视野与盲区乌鲁木齐

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从物竞天择到族群和谐共处——马丁·雅克《当中国统治世界》一书探究

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西安航空技术高等专科学校学报 2010年第6期28卷 16-18页

作者：廖娟娟福建师范大学图书馆福建福州350007

雅克在《当中国统治世界》一书中认为,中国将成为文化霸权,但是文化霸权并不是霸权文化。文化霸权应该是在认真反思和积极汲取"物竞天择"的西方工业文明价值观基础上,是以中国为典范的族群和谐共处的东方文化伟大的复兴。文化霸权不是"... 详细信息

雅克在《当中国统治世界》一书中认为,中国将成为文化霸权,但是文化霸权并不是霸权文化。文化霸权应该是在认真反思和积极汲取"物竞天择"的西方工业文明价值观基础上,是以中国为典范的族群和谐共处的东方文化伟大的复兴。文化霸权不是"物竞天择"理念下另外一种形式的霸权主义和强权政治,而是要求在国际关系中遵循求同存异、合作共赢、相互尊重、和谐共生的价值观。

关键词：文化霸权霸权文化物竞天择

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Visualization and interactive simulation of Modelica models for control education

Visualization and interactive simulation of Modelica models ...

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2009中国控制与决策会议

作者： Carla martin-Villalba Alfonso Urquia Sebastian Dormido Dept.Informatica y Automatica UNEDJuan del Rosal 1628040MadridSpain

＜正＞An approach to the implementation of virtual-labs well-suited for control education is *** virtuallab model is described in the Modelica language and it is adapted for interactive simulation by applying a systematic *** virtual-lab view（i.e.,the user-to-model interactive interface） is composed by connecting predefined components of Interactive,a free Modelica library presented in this *** contains a set of ready-to-use Modelica models of visual interactive elements（i.e.,containers,animated 3D geometric shapes and interactive controls）, intended to facilitate easy definition of the virtual-lab view and the model-to-view ***,the Modelica description of the virtual-lab is translated into executable code using the Dymola modeling *** interactive component models provided in the Interactive library are C++ code generators:when the virtual-lab is executed,the C++ code describing the virtual-lab view and the bidirectional model-to-view communication is automatically *** generated C++ code uses the VTK and Qt *** proposed approach is illustrated by means of an example:the development of the virtual-lab of a double-pipe heat exchanger,which is intended for chemical-process control education.

关键词： Control education Modelica virtual laboratory interactive simulation object-oriented modeling

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ELF 类型理论及其应用

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计算机科学 1992年第2期19卷 20-24页

作者：王飓安李未北京航空航天大学计算机科学系 100083

一、引言近几年来,类型理论和基于类型理论的软件开发方法受到计算机界,特别是理论计算机科学界的广泛关注,吸引了不少研究人员,也取得了丰硕的成果。

关键词：类型理论 ELF 计算机程序设计

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改性聚氨酯混成耐烧蚀材料的研究

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硅酸盐通报 2015年第8期34卷 2387-2391,2397页

作者：程宇王素娟河北大学化学与环境科学学院保定071002

本研究目的是在于研制高碳化、高强度的耐烧蚀硅橡胶绝热层材料,以应用在整合式冲压引擎火箭(Integral Ramjet Rocket-IRR)当作热防护系统。Dow Corning DC93-104经martin Martietta Aerospace推荐应用于此系统,是二种成份液态的硅橡胶... 详细信息

本研究目的是在于研制高碳化、高强度的耐烧蚀硅橡胶绝热层材料,以应用在整合式冲压引擎火箭(Integral Ramjet Rocket-IRR)当作热防护系统。Dow Corning DC93-104经martin Martietta Aerospace推荐应用于此系统,是二种成份液态的硅橡胶,高分子基体部份为含有硅乙烯(≡Si-C=C)官能基的甲基苯基聚硅氧烷(polymethylphenylsiloxane),以Pt系当催化剂,虽然DC93-104具有优异的耐烧蚀热特性,但烧蚀后形成高碳化的焦化层强度低,无法抵抗高速热气的冲刷而剥落,为改善此缺点只好在引擎室钢壳内部表面点焊数以千计不锈钢丝网目,于铸制绝热层时,让DC93-104胶料能穿插在各网目内,经由不锈钢丝网目以增强烧蚀后焦化层的强度,避免焦化层于引擎室二次燃烧时被高温、高压和高速热气流冲刷而剥落,以维热防护系统功能正常发挥。但是于引擎室钢壳内部表面点焊数以千计不锈钢丝网目是个耗时、费工的工作,所以本研究选用General Electric Co.二液型RTV 627及LSR 2650液态硅橡胶进行高碳化、高强度的耐烧蚀硅橡胶绝热层的开发,基由本身强度抵抗高温、高压和高速热气流冲刷而不剥落,如此即可节约成本也可以提升效率。

关键词：改性聚氨酯高碳化混成耐烧蚀材料研究

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上海地区中老年女性体型研究

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北京服装学院学报（自然科学版） 2016年第4期36卷 9-17页

作者：于晓坤胡帆朱达辉罗洋关娟娟东华大学服装与艺术设计学院上海200051 东华大学现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室上海200051 东华大学兴顺福中老年功能服装研发设计中心上海200051

随机选取377名上海地区50~70岁中老年女性作为研究样本,应用马丁测量法采集了40项测量数据,运用数理统计原理和方法对采集的样本数据进行基本统计量计算、样本聚类分析等统计分析,结合身高、胸围、胸腰差的交互关系得出上海地区中老年... 详细信息

随机选取377名上海地区50~70岁中老年女性作为研究样本,应用马丁测量法采集了40项测量数据,运用数理统计原理和方法对采集的样本数据进行基本统计量计算、样本聚类分析等统计分析,结合身高、胸围、胸腰差的交互关系得出上海地区中老年女性的体型特征和尺寸分布.结果表明,与国标女子中间体尺寸相比,中老年女性体态明显发福,围度尺寸普遍大于与其身高相对应的中间体围度尺寸;所得基础尺寸参考数据可指导企业针对该客户群体建立服装产品尺寸体系,对于现行国家标准的拓展应用具有一定理论参考价值.

关键词：中老年女性人体测量体型分类体型特征中间体

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