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Joint Contact Forces with Changes in Running Stride Length and midsole Stiffness

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 69-76页

作者： joshua m.thomas WBrent Edwards Timothy R.Derrick Department of Health Wellnessand SportUniversity of DubuqueDubuqueIA 52001USA Human Performance Laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University111L Forker BuildingAmesIA 50011USA

The purpose of this study was to determine if lower extremity joint loading was influenced by stride length or shoe midsole *** subjects completed 10 trials of overground running at an average speed of 4.43 m/s in each of three condi-tions:normal running,running with a stride length(SL)reduced by 10%of normal,and running with a cushioned midsole stiffness(i.e.,mechanical impact reduction of 13.7-10.9 g).Reaction forces calculated from inverse dynamics were summed with muscle forces estimated from a musculoskeletal model using static optimization to obtain joint contact forces at the hip,knee and ankle *** components of the contact forces[axial,anterior-posterior,and medial-lateral(mL)]were examined using parametric statistics(α=0.05).Reducing stride length resulted in significant decreases in absolute peak ankle contact forces in the axial direction(normal:-14.5±1.5 BW;reduced SL:-14.0±1.6 BW)and the mL direction(normal:0.67±0.23 BW;reduced SL:0.61±0.21 BW).Reducing stride length also reduced the peak absolute axial forces at the knee(normal:-10.6±1.3 BW;reduced SL:-9.8±1.2 BW)and the hip(normal:-7.26±2.24 BW;reduced SL:-6.75±2.10 BW).The cushioned shoe did not statistically reduce the peak absolute contact forces from the normal stride condition at any of the *** hoc stress analysis suggested that the observed changes in anterior hip force would increase stress more than any of the other statistically significant *** in stride length appear to decrease some joint contact variables but cushioning in the heel region of the shoe does not.

关键词： Gait Injury Compressive force Shear force Cushioning Strain

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Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transmission in a classroom

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： mojtaba Zabihi Ri Li joshua Brinkerhoff School of Engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a comprehensive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model(DPm)was performed in a university classroom setting with people *** investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings demonstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deemed airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced that places a premium on mitigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the same ACH,this design successfully reduced the maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,minimizing horizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transmission airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 simulation classroom ventilation

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O'Hare Airport roadway traffic prediction via data fusion and Gaussian process regression

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 721-732页

作者： Damola m.Akinlana Arindam Fadikar Stefan m.Wild Natalia Zuniga-Garcia joshua Auld Department of mathematics and Statistics University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Decision and Infrastructure Sciences Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Applied mathematics and Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Industrial Engineering and management Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Argonne National Laboratory Energy SystemsLemontIL 60439USA

This study proposes an approach of leveraging information gathered from multiple traffic data sources at different resolutions to obtain approximate inference on the traffic distribution of Chicago's O'Hare Airport ***,it proposes the ingestion of traffic datasets at different resolutions to build spatiotemporal models for predicting the distribution of traffic volume on the road *** to its good adaptability and flexibility for spatiotemporal data,the Gaussian process(GP)regression was employed to provide short-term forecasts using data collected by loop detectors(sensors)and supplemented by telematics *** GP regression is used to make predictions of the distribution of the proportion of sensor data traffic volume represented by the telematics data for each location of the ***,the fitted GP model can be used to determine the approximate traffic distribution for a testing location outside of the training *** in the transportation sector can find the results of this work helpful for making informed decisions relating to current and future transportation conditions in the area.

关键词： Spatio-temporal Data fusion Gaussian process multimodal data Airport traffic O'Hare Airport

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mechanically driven assembly of biomimetic 2D-material microtextures with bioinspired multifunctionality

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 663-678页

作者： Yang Li Lin Jing joshua m.Little Haochen Yang Tsai-Chun Chung Po-Yen Chen Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA maryland Robotics Center University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

Nature provides a wealth of bio-inspiration for advanced material *** various nanomaterials into biomimetic microtextures with bioinspired functionalities has spurred increasing research interests and facilitated technological advances in various *** recent years,two-dimensional materials(2Dms)have emerged as important building block units in the biomimicry field due to their distinct chemical,physical,electrical,electrochemical,and catalytic *** this review article,various mechanically driven assembly approaches are summarized to fabricate various genealogies of biomimetic 2Dm microtextures with bio-inspired ***,sequential deformation strategies are discussed to programmably construct higher dimensional 2Dm microtextures,ranging from wrinkles/crumples(one-time deformation)to multiscale hierarchies(multiple deformations).Next,the current progress using higher dimensional 2Dm microtextures to imitate different biological structures and/or induce bio-inspired multifunctionality is systematically *** showcases of bio-inspiration and biomimicry using different 2Dm nanosheets are highlighted:(1)wrinkle patterns of an earthworm that spur the design of strain sensors with programmable working ranges and sensitivities,(2)wrinkle appearance of a Shar-Pei dog that motivates the fabrication of stretchable energy storage devices,(3)hierarchical scale textures of a desert lizard that inspire cation-induced gelation platforms for 2Dm aerogels,and(4)wrinkle skin of an elephant that influences the development of 2Dm protective skin for soft ***,challenges and future opportunities of adopting 2Dm nanosheets to assemble biomimetic microstructures with synergistic functionalities are discussed.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)materials mechanically driven assembly biomimetic microtextures functional nanocomposite bio-inspired multifunctionality

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Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS)in sulfur-rich media by Trametopsis cervina

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 17-26页

作者： Felix Grimberg thomas m Holsen Sujan Fernando Siwen Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson UniversityPotsdamNew York 13699USA

Biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS)by two species of white-rot fungi,Pleurotus ostreatus(***)and Trametopsis cervina(***),was investigated in a sulfurrich medium designed to stimulate production of lignin-degrading *** of 6:2 FTS was observed by *** over the study period of 30 d,but not by *** rates were comparable to those found in other studies investigating mixed culture degradation in nonsulfur limiting media,with approximately 50 mol%of applied 6:2 FTS removed after 30 *** transformation products were short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs),including PFHxA(2.27 mol%),PFPeA(0.24 mol%),and PFBA(0.28 mol%).The main intermediate products include 5:2 sFTOH(16.3 mol%)and 5:3 FTCA(2.99 mol%),while 6:2 FTCA,6:2 FTuCA,and 5:2 ketone were also identified at low *** 60 mol%of detected products were assigned to the major pathway to 5:2 ketone,and 40 mol%were assigned to the minor pathway to 5:3 *** overall molar balance was found to decrease to 75 mol%by Day 30,however,was closed to near 95 mol%with a theoretical estimation for the volatile intermediates in the headspace,5:2 ketone and 5:2 *** different capabilities of the two white-rot fungal species for 6:2 FTS biotransformation in sulfur-rich media suggest that the enzyme processes of *** to de-sulfonate 6:2 FTS may be unrelated to sulfur metabolism.

关键词： White-rot fungus 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate(6:2 FTS) Biotransformation Sulfur-rich medium Intermediate products

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Impact of increasing one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using pre-clinical models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1728-1733页

作者： Sanika m.Joshi Theresa Currier thomas Nafisa m.Jadavji College of Osteopathic medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Child Health College of Medicine–PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA College of Veterinary medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals ***-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic ***,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more *** aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain ***,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury *** search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and *** focus of each literature search was basic science *** year of publication in the literature searches was not *** analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to *** r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain *** details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further ***,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model *** investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

关键词： folic acid nicotinamide one-carbon metabolism riboflavin traumatic brain injury vitamin B12 vitamin B2 vitamin B3

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James Hogarth Pringle and his time-honored maneuver

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 391-392页

作者： thomas m.van Gulik Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

The classical method to control blood loss during parenchymal transection of the liver is the Pringle *** his landmark article in the Annals of Surgery in 1908,James Hogarth Pringle occluded the afferent vessels to the liver by compressing the hepatoduodenal ligament between his thumb and index finger(1).He applied this maneuver in eight patients who required emergency laparotomy for major hemorrhage after severe liver *** he succeeded in controlling blood loss,the eight patients he described unfortunately all *** outcome did not prevent the Annals of Surgery from publishing his report after which James Hogarth Pringle was ready to enter the‘Hall of Fame’.Vascular inflow occlusion,applied in a continuous or intermittent fashion,became the mainstay technique for reducing blood loss during liver transection,and has remained so in the present era of laparoscopic and robotic liver resection(2).

关键词： Pringle Surgery patients

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The miracle transplantation of a black leg by the surgeon saints Cosmas and Damian

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 1-2页

作者： thomas m.van Gulik Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

The miracle of the saints Cosmas and Damian refers to transplantation of a black leg onto a white man that took place in medieval Rome(Figure 1)(1).A sexton of a church in Rome was seriously affected by cancer in his right *** into a delirious fever,he dreamed that the holy surgeons,saint Cosmas and saint Damian,visited him and skilled as they were,decided to remove the affected leg and replace it with a healthy *** went to the grave of a recently deceased Ethiopian man and retrieved the right leg of this black man and took it to the *** sick leg of the sexton was amputated and they transplanted onto him the leg of the black *** their miracle operation,Cosmas and Damian have been elevated to patron saints of the surgical profession and many surgical societies have adopted their names in honor of them.

关键词： black Figure replace

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Applying machine Learning Approach to Explore Childhood Circumstances and Self-Rated Health in Old Age-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong Huo Derek Feng thomas m.Gill Xi Chen Department of Health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Department of Internal medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Department of Health Policy and management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circumstances impact senior health,prompting the introduction of machine learning methods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior ***:Using health and retirement study(HRS)and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 American and 5,612 Chinese participants aged 60 and *** inference trees and forests were employed to estimate the influence of childhood circumstances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional method estimated higher inequality of opportunity(IOP)values in both China(0.039,accounting for 22.67%of the total Gini coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting for 35.08%of the total Gini coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estimates(China:0.022,accounting for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and regional differences were key determinants of senior *** conditional inference forest consistently outperformed others in predictive accuracy,as demonstrated by lower out-of-sample mean squared error(mSE).Discussion:The findings emphasize the need for early-life interventions to promote health equity in aging *** learning showcases the potential in identifying contributing factors.

关键词： collective inequality estimates

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A Qualitative Look at Decreasing Barriers to Receiving Uninterrupted Care for People Living with HIV in Rural Southern Georgia

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第8期14卷 447-458页

作者： joshua m. Kies School of Nursing Georgia Southern University Statesboro USA

Early linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) after HIV diagnosis extends life. Low socioeconomic populations with HIV face regional concerns that inhibit early treatment. Barriers include religious-based stigma, lack of local treatment facilities, fear of discovery and purposeful secrecy fostering increased HIV transmission and decreased ART adherence. This ethnographic qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 10 health care providers (HCP) and 10 people living with HIV (PLWH) to discover methods to streamline care and increase medication adherence. Clients perceive enhanced care when they are active participants in treatment. HCPs reported positive health outcomes when there was active multidisciplinary communication. Obstacles included a lack of consistent medication assistance programs, homelessness, and limited access to specialized services. There is a need for further investigation on how to provide individualized, holistic treatment to a population of patients with extremely limited federal funding in a geographic region where religious stigma surrounding HIV is widespread.

关键词： Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Barriers Compliance HIV Rural

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