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中国实用外科杂志 2012年第11期32卷 I0003-I0004页

作者： joseph f.amaral 美国强生公司医疗器械与诊断部门

能量管理科学（Science of Energy）是对组织与能量外科器械之间的相互作用进行深入研究和认识的科学，它的目的是改善患者手术，提高临床疗效。

关键词：管理科学能量相互作用外科器械临床疗效

Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines —— A review

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frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第5期11卷 3-19页

作者： Mengmeng Wang Quanyin Tan joseph f. Chiang Jinhui Li Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety (Tsinghua University) Ministry of Education of China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry State University of New York College at Oneonta Oneonta NY 13820 USA

Urban mining is essential for continued natural resource extraction. The recovery of rare and precious metals （RPMs） from urban mines has attracted increasing attention from both academic and industrial sectors, because of the broad application and high price of RPMs, and their low content in natural ores. This study summarizes the distribution characteristics of various RPMs in urban mines, and the advantages and shortcomings of various technologies for RPM recovery from urban mines, including both conventional （pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and biometallurgical processing）, and emerging （electrochemical, supereritieal fluid, mechanochemical, and ionic liquids processing） technologies. Mechanical/physical technologies are commonly employed to separate RPMs from nonmetallic components in a pre-treatment process. A pyrometallurgical process is often used tbr RPM recovery, although the expensive equipment required has limited its use in small and medium-sized enterprises. Hydrometallurgical processing is effective and easy to operate, with high selectivity of target metals and high recovery efficiency of RPMs, compared to pyrometallurgy. Biometallurgy, though, has shown the most promise for leaching RPMs from urban mines, because of its low cost and environmental friendliness. Newly developed technologies electrochemical, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and mechanochemical have offered new choices and achieved some success in laboratory experiments, especially as efficient and environmentally friendly methods of recycling RPMs. With continuing advances in science and technology, more technologies will no doubt be developed in this field, and be able to contribute to the sustainability of RPM mining.

关键词： Rare and precious metals (RPMs) Distribution characteristics Recycling technology Emerging technology Supercritical fluid

Compost Input Effect on Dryland Wheat and forage Yields and Soil Quality

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 451-462页

作者： francisco J. CALDERON Merle f. VIGIL joseph BENJAMIN United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Central Great Plains Research Station Akron80720 CO( USA)

Organic agricultural systems rely on organic amendments to achieve crop fertility requirements, and weed control must be achieved without synthetic herbicides. Our objective was to determine the crop yield and soil quality as affected by a transition from grass to dryland organic agriculture in the Central Great Plains of North America. This study evaluated three beef feedlot compost(BfC)treatments in 2010–2015 following biennial application rates: 0(control), 22.9, and 108.7 t ha^(-1) on two dryland organic cropping systems: a wheat(Triticum aestivum)-fallow(Wf) rotation harvested for grain and a triticale(Triticosecale)/pea(Pisum sativum)-fallow(T/P-f) rotation harvested for forage. The triticale + pea biomass responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) BfC treatment,but not the 22.9-t ha^(-1) BfC treatment. The wheat biomass was not affected by BfC addition, but biomass N content *** feedlot compost input did not increase wheat grain yields, but had a positive effect on wheat grain Zn content. Soil total C and N contents increased with the rate of 108.7 t ha^(-1) BfC after three applications, but not with 22.9 t ha^(-1) BfC. Soil enzyme activities associated with N and C cycling responded positively to the 108.7-t ha^(-1) BfC treatment. Saturated salts were high in the soil receiving 108.7 t ha^(-1) of BfC, but did not affect crop yields. These results showed that BfC was effective in enhancing forage yields, wheat grain quality, and soil C and N, as well as specific microbial enzymes important for nutrient cycling. However, the large rates of BfC necessary to elicit these positive responses did not increase grain yields, and resulted in an excessive buildup of soil P.

关键词： organic agriculture soil C soil enzyme activity soil N pea triticale

Towards real-time pilot-in-the-loop CfD simulations of helicopter/ship dynamic interface

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2017年第4期8卷 64-88页

作者： Ilker Oruc joseph f.Horn Jeremy Shipman Susan Polsky Department of Aerospace Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802USA CRAfT Tech PipersvillePA 18947USA NAVAIR Paxutent RiverMD 20670USA

This study presents the development of computationally efficient coupling of Navier–Stokes Computational fluid Dynamics(CfD)with a helicopter flight dynamics model with the ultimate goal of real-time simulation of airwake effects in the helicopter/ship Dynamic Interface(DI).The flight dynamics model is free to move within a computational domain,where the main rotor forces are converted to source terms in the momentum equations of the CfD solution using an actuator disk ***,the CfD solver calculates induced velocities that are fed back to the simulation and affect the aerodynamic loads in the flight *** CfD solver models the inflow,ground effect and interactional aerodynamics in the flight dynamics simulation,and these calculations can be coupled with the solution of the external flow(e.g.,ship airwake effects).The simulation framework for fully-coupled pilot-in-the-loop(PIL)flight dynamics/CfD is demonstrated for a simplified shedding *** tests were performed with 0.38 million structured grid cells running on 352 processors and showed near-real-time *** to the coupling interface are described that allow the simulation run at near-real-time execution speeds on currently available computing *** in computing hardware are expected to allow real-time simulations.

关键词： Real-time pilot-in-the-loop computational fluid dynamics(CfD) flight dynamics simulation ship airwake dynamic interface helicopter flight dynamics simulation fully-coupled helicopter/ship

Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.f.Smith Department of Aquaculture and fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P flected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

Oxide-supported metal catalysts for anaerobic NAD+regeneration with concurrent hydrogen production

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 263-267页

作者： Jianwei Li joseph W.H.Burnett Claudia Martinez Macias Russell f.Howe Xiaodong Wang Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringLancaster UniversityLancaster LA1 4YWUnited Kingdom Chemistry Department University of AberdeenAberdeen AB24 3UEUnited Kingdom

We report SiO_(2)-supported monometallic Pt,Pd,Au,Ni,Cu and Co catalysts for proton-driven NAD+regeneration,co-producing H_(2).All metals are fully selective to NAD+where the order of turnover frequencies(Pt>Pd>Cu>Au,Ni and Co)coincides with those otherwise observed in electrochemical hydrogen evolution *** has revealed that NADH is capable of converting the metal sites into a“cathode”without an external potential and the NADH to NAD+reaction involves transferring electron and hydrogen atom ***-deficient Ptδ+(on CeO_(2))enhances TOf and the heterogeneous Pt/CeO_(2) catalyst is recyclable without losing any activity/selectivity.

关键词： NAD+regeneration Heterogeneous catalyst Hydrogenase mimic Hydrogen binding energy Hydrogen production

Integrated futures for Europe’s Mountain Regions: Reconciling Biodiversity Conservation and Human Livelihoods

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第4期3卷 276-286页

作者： Jonathan Mitchley Martin f.Price joseph Tzanopoulos Imperial College London Wye campus High Street Wye Ashford Kent TN25 5AH UK The Centre for Mountain Studies Perth College UHI Millennium Institute Crieff Road Perth PH1 2NX UK CAER The University of Reading Earley Gate PO Box 237 Reading RG6 6AR UK

Europe＇s mountains cover nearly half of the continent＇s area and are home to one fifth of the European population. Mountain areas are hotspots of biodiversity and agriculture has played a multifunctional role in defining and sustaining mountain biodiversity. Ongoing trends of agricultural decline are having negative impacts on mountain biodiversity. This paper presents results from an interdisciplinary European research project, BioScene, which investigated the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity in six mountain study areas across Europe to provide recommendations for reconciling biodiversity conservation with social and economic activities through an integrated rural development strategy. BioScene used scenario analysis and stakeholder participation as tools for structuring the analysis of alternative mountain futures. Three main BioScene scenarios were evaluated： Business as Usual （BAIT）, Agricultural Liberalisation （Lib）, Managed Change for Biodiversity （MCB）. BioScene brought together ecologists, economists, sociologists and rural geogra- phers, to carry out interdisciplinary analysis of the scenarios： identifying key drivers of change, assessing the biodiversity consequences and evaluating costeffectiveness. BioScene used a sustainability assessment to integrate the research outputs across natural and social science disciplines to assess the broader sustainability of the scenarios in terms of biodiversity, natural resources, rural development, social development, economic development and institutional capacity. The sustainability assessment showed that the MCB scenario was potentially the most sustainable of the three BioScene scenarios. Through the reconciliation of potentially conflicting objectives, such as conservation, economic development and human livelihoods, and with a strong participatory planning approach, the MCB scenario could represent an alternative approach to BaU for sustainable rural development in Europe＇s mountains. BioScene co

关键词： Agriculture interdisciplinary research scenarios stakeholder participation sustainability assessment

The effects of Thailand's Great flood of 2011 on river sediment discharge in the upper Chao Phraya River basin,Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第4期30卷 328-337页

作者： Butsawan Bidorn Seree Chanyotha Stephen A.Kish joseph f.Donoghue Komkrit Bidorn Ruetaitip Mama Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State University Department of Water Resources Engineering Chulalongkorn University Department of Physics University of Central Florida Royal Irrigation Department

Severe flooding that occurred during the 2011 monsoon season in Thailand was the heaviest flooding in the past 50 *** rainfall over the northern part of Thailand,especially during July-August 2011,was150%higher than *** the flooding period,river flows of the four major Chao Phraya River tributaries（Ping,Wang,Yom,and Nan rivers）increased in the range of 1.4-5 times the average *** study examined the river sediment discharge of the four major rivers in the upper Chao Phraya River basin in *** four rivers are considered the main sources of sediment supply to the Chao Phraya *** surveys of the Ping,Wang,Yom,and Nan rivers were carried out in October 2011（during the Great flood）and October 2012（one year after the flood）.Survey data included river cross sections,flow velocities,suspended sediment concentrations,and bed load transport in each *** of these data indicated that total sediment transport rates for the four main rivers during the flooding of2011 were 2.3-5.6 times higher than the average sediment discharge over 60 *** flood of 2011 significantly affected the sediment characteristics including the proportions of suspended and bed sediment loads in each river though in different *** rates of sediment transport per unit discharge for the Ping and Wang rivers dramatically increased during the 2011 flood,but the flooding had minimal effects on the sediment characteristics in the Yom and Nan *** amount of total sediment discharge in each river caused by the 2011 flooding varied between 0.3 and 1.6 ***,the bed load transport in these rivers varied between0%and 26%of the suspended sediment discharge.

关键词： Bedload Sediment discharge Sediment transport rates Upper Chao Phraya River basin flooding

Robust Optimization of the Output Voltage of Nanogenerators by Statistical Design of Experiments

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Nano Research 2010年第9期3卷 613-619页

作者： Jinhui Song Huizhi Xie Wenzhuo Wu V.Roshan joseph C.f.Jeff Wu Zhong Lin Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332-0205USA School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332-0205USA

Nanogenerators were first demonstrated by deflecting aligned ZnO nanowires using a conductive atomic force microscopy(AfM)*** output of a nanogenerator is affected by three parameters:tip normal force,tip scanning speed,and tip *** this work,systematic experimental studies have been carried out to examine the combined effects of these three parameters on the output,using statistical design of experiments.A statistical model has been built to analyze the data and predict the optimal parameter *** an AfM tip of cone angle 70°coated with Pt,and ZnO nanowires with a diameter of 50 nm and lengths of 600 nm to 1μm,the optimized parameters for the nanogenerator were found to be a normal force of 137 nN and scanning speed of 40μm/s,rather than the conventional settings of 120 nN for the normal force and 30μm/s for the scanning speed.A nanogenerator with the optimized settings has three times the average output voltage of one with the conventional settings.

关键词： ZnO nanowire arrays robust parameter design nanogenerator piezoelectric properties

Obesity is associated with decreased risk of microscopic colitis in women

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第2期28卷 230-241页

作者： Robert S Sandler Temitope O Keku John T Woosley Dale P Sandler joseph A Galanko Anne f Peery Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of Medicine University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514-7555United States Department of PathologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27514United States Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesDurhamNC 27709United States

BACKGROUND Microscopic colitis is a leading cause of diarrhea in the older *** is limited information about risk *** hypothesized that obesity would be associated with microscopic *** To examine the association between obesity and microscopic colitis in men and women undergoing *** We conducted a case-control study at the University of North Carolina *** identified and enrolled men and women referred for elective,outpatient colonoscopy for chronic *** excluded patients with a past diagnosis of Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.A research pathologist reviewed biopsies on every patient and classified them as microscopic colitis cases or non-microscopic colitis *** provided information on body weight,height and exposure to medications via structured interviews or Internet based *** analysis included 110 patients with microscopic colitis(cases)and 252 nonmicroscopic colitis *** analyses were performed using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95%confidence *** Cases were older and more likely than controls to be white *** subjects were well educated,but cases were better educated than *** with microscopic colitis had lower body mass index than controls and reported more weight loss after the onset of *** to patients who were normal or under-weight,obese(BMI>30 kg/m2)patients were substantially less likely to have microscopic colitis after adjusting for age and education,adjusted OR(aOR)0.35,95%confidence interval(CI)0.18-0.66).When stratified by sex,the association was limited to obese women,aOR 0.21,95%CI:*** with microscopic colitis were more likely to report weight loss after the onset of *** stratifying by weight loss,there remained a strong inverse association between obesity and microscopic colitis,aOR 0.33,95%CI:0.10-1.11 among the patients who did not lose *** use of birth

关键词： Colitis Microscopic/epidemiology Humans Diarrhea/epidemiology Obesity