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Indirect facilitation by a liana might explain the dominance of a small tree in a temperate forest

Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第4期11卷 604-612页

作者： Jaime Madrigal-González Rodrigo S.Rios Cristina f.Aragón Ernesto Gianoli Grupo de Ecología forestal y Restauración Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de Alcaláctra.Madrid-Barcelona km 33.428805Alcaláde HenaresSpain Departamento de Biología Universidad de La SerenaCasilla 554 La SerenaChile Departamento de Botánica Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-C ConcepciónChile

Aims Lianas are expected to influence composition,structure and func-tioning of forest systems due to unequal distribution across the potential set of host ***,our understanding of mecha-nisms associated with preferences for specific hosts is still limited,and so is our ability to discern between endogenous and exogenous forces driving forest dynamics in the long *** this paper,we eval-uated whether the dominant liana Hedera helix can indirectly con-tribute to the eventual dominance of the small multi-stemmed tree Corylus avellana in a remnant temperate forest in central Iberian Peninsula from comparatively reduced liana infestation on ***-lana relative to co-occurring woody *** through principal component analysis and co-occurrence ana-lysis,we studied the distribution and spatial association between woody species and the liana *** analyzed the relationship between the number of species in a plot and the number of species infested by the liana to test the hypothesis that *** is a gen-eralist *** generalized linear mixed models,we tested the dynamic-multi-stemmed growth form of *** as a plaus-ible life strategy to withstand,in the long run,the liana *** particular,we tested(i)the relationship between stem size and the probability of *** infestation including all the tree species within plots and(ii)the relationship between stem size and mortal-ity as evidence of the stem turn over in the tree *** findings Our results indicate that *** and *** significantly co-occur in mature stands of this remnant temperate forest where pion-eer woody species are *** helix severely infests all the woody species whenever stem size exceed≈25 cm perimeter and there is physical contact at the base of the *** implies that all the trees in the community are potential hosts for *** models indicate that both,infestation by *** and stem mortality,are positively re

关键词： indirect facilitation species coexistence species dominance competition liana infestation

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Molecular Variability of <i>fusarium verticillioides</i>(Sacc.) in Maize from Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Southwest Nigeria

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2017年第1期7卷 30-40页

作者： Olumayowa Mary Olowe Adeboyega Christopher Odebode Odunayo joseph Olawuyi Ayodele Adegboyega Sobowale Department of Botany University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

This study investigated the characterisation of fusarium verticillioides strains using Amplified fragments Length Polymorphism (AfLP) EcoR1-G/Mse1-C primer combination. This was done to determine the amount of genetic variability present in f. verticillioides population. The objective of this study is to carry out molecular characterization of f. verticillioides strains from infected ear of maize. Six isolates were obtained in maize ear from 10 locations in three agro-ecological zones of Southwest Nigeria. Polymorphic bands detected were 164 from one base extension of EcoR1 and Mse1 primers in the selective amplification. Primer combination EC + MC produced the highest polymorphic bands of 58, while primer combination ET + MC had the highest percentage polymorphism (100%). Genetic similarity (67%) was observed among strains from Ibadan (IBD) (34, 36), Igbooho (IGH) (39), Ado-Ekiti (EKT) (46, 47), Saki (SAK) (52) and Igboora (IGB) (57, 58, 59 and 60). Strains 19 and 20 from Ilesha (ILH) had the highest pairwise similarity coefficient at 97% grouped in cluster II. The dendrogram delineated f. verticillioides strains into four major cluster groups with 77% similarity and other sub-groups within. fusarium verticillioides strains could therefore be heterogeneous, and thus amplified fragment length polymorphism is an ideal tool for distinguishing the pathogenic variants of fusarium verticillioides.

关键词： fusarium verticillioides Amplified fragment Length Polymorphism Southwest Nigeria Maize

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Vertically-Suspended Environmental Enrichment Alters the Velocity Profiles of Circular fish Rearing Tanks

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2019年第1期7卷 208-226页

作者： Alissa M. Muggli joseph M. Barnes Michael E. Barnes School of Engineering Benedictine College Atchison KS USA South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks McNenny State Fish Hatchery Spearfish SD USA

The inclusion of vertically-suspended environmental enrichment in circular tanks has produced substantial benefits during fish rearing. This study examined the tank water velocity profiles of four different vertically-suspended structures?(rod array, extended rod array, single angle array, double angle array) and a control (no environmental enrichment) at two incoming water velocities (18.3 cm/s and 54.9 cm/s) in 1.8-m diameter circular tanks. At both of the incoming water velocities, overall water velocities throughout the tank were significantly reduced with the addition of any environmental enrichment in comparison to the control. In addition, the overall water velocities in the double angle array were significantly lower than the other three enrichment treatments. The pattern of significant reductions in velocity with the use of any environmental enrichment, with further significant velocity reductions in the double angle treatment, was repeated when the data were?combined for each sampling depth, radius from the center, and degree (circular arc). Although considerable variation in water velocity was observed at each specific sampling location with both incoming velocities, significantly lower velocities?were observed at nearly every sampling location with the addition of any environmental enrichment to the circular tank. In addition, the double angle array consistently produced the lowest velocities among the environmental enrichment treatments. The changes in velocity profiles from vertically-suspended?environmental enrichment may be at least partially-responsible for the frequently-observed improvements in fish growth.

关键词： Environmental Enrichment Vertically-Suspended Structure Circular Tank Water Velocity

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A highly annotated whole- genome sequence of a Korean individual

A highly annotated whole- genome sequence of a Korean indivi...

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全国生物遗传多样性高峰论坛

作者： Jong-Il Kim joseph Thakuria Jeong-Sun Seo Macrogen Inc. SeoulKorea Genomic Medicine Institute Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA

We provide a highly annotated,whole - genome sequence for a Korean individual,known as *** genome of AK1 was determined by an exacting,combined approach that included whole - genome shotgun sequencing(27.83 coverage),targeted bacterial artificial chromosome sequencing,and high - resolution comparative genomic hybridization using custom microarrays featuring more than

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Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for the treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 430-433页

作者： Alberto Porcu Giulia Deiana Claudio f feo Chiara Ninniri Davide Turilli Lorena Tanda Alessandro fancellu Department of Clinical Surgical and Experimental SciencesUnit of General Surgery 2–Clinica ChirurgicaUniversity of SassariSassariItaly Unit of Radiological Sciences AOU SassariSassariItaly faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of SassariSassariItaly

To the Editor:Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC)is an uncommon neoplasm associated with a poor prognosis[1-3].Surgical resection represents the only curative approach,since systemic treatments have scarce efficacy in achieving disease ***,only 10%-40%of patients with ECC are resectable at diagnosis[1].Ma-jor hepatectomy and portal lymphadenectomy are usually required for hilar ECC,while pancreatoduodenectomy is the standard operation for distal ECC[3-5].However,ECC may spread horizon-tally along the biliary tree,causing tumor involvement of the entire extrahepatic biliary *** these circumstances,hep-atopancreatoduodenectomy(HPD)has been proposed as a pro-cedure with curative intent[2,6,7].

关键词： pancreatoduodenectomy extrahepatic involvement

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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and saxagliptin ameliorate ulcerative colitis in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第9期9卷 373-380页

作者： Berween Mahmoud Elmahmoudy Mai A.Abd El fattah Mohamed f.Elyamany Laila A.Rashed Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityEgypt

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and saxagliptin in rats with thioacetamide-induced ulcerative colitis. Methods: Animals were orally administered with a vehicle, sulfasalazine(500 mg/kg), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(100 mg/kg), and saxagliptin(10 mg/kg) for two weeks. Ulcerative colitis was induced by a single intrarectal instillation of thioacetamide on day 8. Colon samples were collected to assess mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK), c AMP response element-binding protein(CREB), interleukin-12(IL-12), caspase-3, β-defensin, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) and glucagon like peptide-1(GLP-1). Moreover, histopathological examination was performed. Results: Rats treated with thioacetamide caused increases in colonic MAPK, phosphorylated ERK, CREB, caspase-3, IL-12, β-defensin, i NOS, as well as decreases in body weight and GLP-1. In addition, distortion of colonic structure was found by histopathological examination. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and saxagliptin mitigated colitis severity by improving body weight decrease and GLP-1, and reducing colonic MAPK, phosphorylated ERK, CREB, caspase-3, IL-12, β-defensin and i NOS. Conclusions: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and saxagliptin are efficient against thioacetamide induced colitis through improving inflammatory and oxidative changes.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory mediators Oxidative stress Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate Saxagliptin Thioacetamide

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Data-driven evaluation of fatigue performance of additive manufactured parts using miniature specimens

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第6期35卷 1137-1146页

作者： H.Y. Wan G.f. Chen C.P. Li X.B. Qi G.P. Zhang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016 China Materials Manufacturing Qualification Group Corporate Technology Siemens Ltd. China Beijing 100102 China State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing J00084 China

This overview firstly introduces the state-of-the-art research progress in length scale-related fatigue performance of conventionally-fabricated metals evaluated by miniature specimens. Some key factors for size effects sensitive to microstructures including the specimen thickness, grain size and a ratio between them are highlighted to summarize some general rules for size effects. Then, ongoing research progress and new challenges in evaluating the fatigue performance of additive manufactured parts controlled by location-specific defects, microstructure heterogeneities as well as mechanical anisotropy using miniature specimen testing technique are discussed and addressed. finally, a potential roadmap to establish a data-driven evaluation platform based on a large number of miniature specimen-based experiment data,theoretical computations and the ’big data’ analysis with machine learning is proposed. It is expected that this overview would provide a novel strategy for the realistic evaluation and fast qualification of fatigue properties of additive manufactured parts we have been facing to.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Miniature specimen fatigue Size effect Location-specific Data analysis

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Prolapse Incidence in Swine Breeding Herds Is a Cause for Concern

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2017年第8期7卷 85-97页

作者： China Supakorn joseph D. Stock Chris Hostetler Kenneth J. Stalder Department of Animal Science Iowa State University Ames IA USA National Pork Board Des Moines IA USA

Beginning in the fall of 2014 there has been a general and widespread increase in the incidence of prolapse in the U.S. swine herd. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the incidence, causative factors and treatment of rectal, vaginal, uterine and preputial prolapses. Rectal and vaginal prolapses are most common in swine when compared to other prolapse types. The cause of prolapses supports a fixation mechanism failure overcome by pressure on or weakening of support tissue. The fundamental factors affecting the incidence for prolapses are many and include factors related to nutrition, physiology, hormones, genetics, environment and other disease factors such as chronic diarrhea, cough, and dystocia. Treatment of prolapsed swine includes surgical and therapeutic management that can lead to complete recovery. However, in most cases, euthanasia is the final result. Economic loss was calculated at approximately $5220 dollars/year/1000 sows.

关键词： Prolapse Breeding Herds and Sow

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结构动力学下

结构动力学下

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1981年

作者： Ray W.Clough joseph Penzien原陈嘉炜译

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Mechanical suppression of breast cancer cell invasion and paracrine signaling to osteoclasts requires nucleo-cytoskeletal connectivity

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 393-405页

作者： Xin Yi Laura E.Wright Gabriel M.Pagnotti Gunes Uzer Katherine M.Powell joseph M.Wallace Uma Sankar Clinton T.Rubin Khalid Mohammad Theresa A.Guise William R.Thompson Department of Physical Therapy School of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Medicine Division of EndocrinologySchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyPurdue UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Exercise benefits the musculoskeletal system and reduces the effects of *** effects of exercise are multifactorial,where metabolic changes and tissue adaptation influence *** signals,a principal component of exercise,are anabolic to the musculoskeletal system and restrict cancer *** examined the mechanisms through which cancer cells sense and respond to low-magnitude mechanical signals introduced in the form of ***-magnitude,high-frequency vibration was applied to human breast cancer cells in the form of low-intensity vibration(LIV).LIV decreased matrix invasion and impaired secretion of osteolytic factors PTHLH,IL-11,and ***,paracrine signals from mechanically stimulated cancer cells,reduced osteoclast differentiation and resorptive *** the nucleus by knockdown of SUN1 and SUN2 impaired LIV-mediated suppression of invasion and osteolytic factor *** increased cell stiffness;an effect dependent on the LINC *** data show that mechanical vibration reduces the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells,where the nucleus serves as a mechanosensory apparatus to alter cell structure and intercellular signaling.

关键词： invasion impaired skeletal

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