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Mo.o.enic diabetes in children:An underdiagno.ed and po.rly managed clinical dilemma

Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1051-1059页

作者： Saptarshi Bhattacharya joseph M Pappachan Department o. Endo.rino.o.y Indraprastha Apollo HospitalsDelhi 110076India Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Bio.o.y Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Mo.o.enic diabetes,co.stituting 1%-2%o. glo.al diabetes cases,arises fro. single gene defects with distinctive inheritance *** o.er 50 asso.iated genetic diso.ders,accurate diagno.es and management o. mo.o.enic diabetes remain inadequate,undersco.ing insufficient clinician *** disease spectrum enco.passes maturity-o.set diabetes o. the yo.ng(Mo.Y),characterized by distinct genetic mutatio.s affecting insulin secretio.,and neo.atal diabetes mellitus(NDM)-a hetero.eneo.s gro.p o. severe hyperglycemic diso.ders in *** diabetes,auto.mmune mo.o.enic diabetes,genetic insulin resistance and lipo.ystro.hy syndro.es further diversify the mo.o.enic diabetes landscape.A tailo.ed appro.ch based o. pheno.ypic and bio.hemical facto.s to.identify candidates fo. genetic screening is reco.mended fo. suspected cases o. *** diagno.is warrants immediate mo.ecular genetic testing fo. infants under six *** these genetic defects presents a unique o.po.tunity fo. precisio. *** research aimed to.develo. co.t-effective genetic testing metho.s and gene-based therapy can facilitate appro.riate identificatio. and o.timize clinical *** and study o. new genes o.fer a valuable o.po.tunity to.gain deeper insights into.pancreatic cell bio.o.y and the patho.enic mechanisms underlying co.mo. fo.ms o. *** clinical review published in the recent issue o. Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes is such an attempt to.fill-in o.r kno.ledge gap abo.t this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Mo.o.enic diabetes Maturity-o.set diabetes o. the yo.ng Neo.atal diabetes Mito.ho.drial diabetes Insulin resistance syndro.es Genetic testing Next generatio. sequencing

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Perio.o.titis:An o.ten-neglected co.plicatio. o. diabetes

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 318-325页

作者： Marina G Kudiyirickal joseph M Pappachan Primary Care Dental Practice The Smile ClinicPreston PR16PZUnited Kingdom Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Bio.o.y Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

The bidirectio.al asso.iatio. between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and perio.o.titis is no. well established,resulting in perio.o.tal disease being co.sidered as the 6th majo. co.plicatio. o. diabetes mellitus(DM)after cardio.ascular disease,eye disease,neuro.athy,nephro.athy,and peripheral vascular *** can wo.sen the virulence and invasiveness o. patho.enic o.al micro.ial flo.a aggravating the lo.al inflammatio. and infectio. in tho.e with perio.o.tal *** the o.her hand,the chemical and immuno.o.ical mediato.s released into.the circulatio. as part o. perio.o.tal inflammatio. wo.sen the systemic insulin resistance with wo.sening o. *** if undiagno.ed o. left untreated can also.result in eventual to.th lo.s.A study by Xu et al in the Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes examined the predictive facto.s asso.iated with perio.o.titis in Chinese patients with *** prevalence o. perio.o.titis was fo.nd to.be 75.7%in this *** o. lo.istic regressio. analysis,the predictive facto.s fo. higher risk were lo. to.th brushing frequency[o.ds ratio.o.)=4.3],high triglycerides(TG;o.=3.31),high to.al cho.estero.(TC;o.=2.87),higher glycated hemo.lo.in(HbA1c;o.=2.55),and higher age(o.=1.05)while higher educatio. level was pro.ective(o.=0.53).Ho.ever,the mo.t influential variables were HbA1c fo.lo.ed by age,TC,TG,lo. educatio. level,brushing frequency,and sex o. the rando. fo.est mo.el(this mo.el sho.ed higher sensitivity fo. predicting the risk).A go.d understanding o. the predicto.s fo. perio.o.titis in T2DM patients is impo.tant in preventio.,early detectio. o. susceptible patients,and interventio. to.impro.e perio.o.tal health and enable lo.g-term glycaemic co.tro. as o.served by Xu et al.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Perio.o.titis Predictive facto.s Cardio.ascular disease Glycaemic co.tro.

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Hemo.ynamic management o. co.genital diaphragmatic hernia:the ro.e o. targeted neo.atal echo.ardio.raphy

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 81-89页

作者： Aimann Surak Linda Mahgo.b joseph Y Ting Department o. Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Co.genital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)is a majo. co.genital ano.aly,resulting fro. the herniatio. o. abdo.inal co.tents into.the tho.acic cavity,thereby impeding the pro.er develo.ment o. the lungs and pulmo.ary *** severity co.relates with a spectrum o. pulmo.ary hypo.lasia,pulmo.ary hypertensio.(PHT),and cardiac dysfunctio.,co.stituting the patho.hysio.o.ical triad o. this co.plex *** accurate diagno.is and effective management o. PHT and cardiac dysfunctio. is pivo.al to.o.timizing patient *** neo.atal echo.ardio.raphy is instrumental in delivering real-time data crucial fo. the bespo.e,patho.hysio.o.y-targeted hemo.ynamic management o. CDH-asso.iated PHT.

关键词： co.genital targeted neo.atal

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Surface Water Quality Pro.iling Using Physico.hemical Parameters in o.en Defecatio. Free and No.-o.en Defecatio. Free Lo.al Go.ernment Areas in Benue State, Nigeria

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o.en Jo.rnal o. Mo.ern Hydro.o.y 2024年第3期14卷 174-191页

作者： Mo.es T. Aso. Celestine U. Aguo.u Inno.ent o. o.bo.na Hyacinth o.A. o.uma Benue State Ministry o. Health Makurdi Nigeria Department o. Plant Science and Bio.echno.o.y College of Biological Sciences Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria Department o. Micro.io.o.y College of Biological Sciences Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria

Physico.hemical parameters o. surface water so.rces in the study o. lo.al go.ernment areas (LGAs) were assessed using standard pro.edures. The mean physico.hemical parameters fo. pH (5.49), No. (0.23 mg/L), So. (0.77 mg/L), Na (28.72 mg/L), Ca (28.94 mg/L), Mg (17.50 mg/L), Cl (11.65 mg/L), TSS (6.27 mg/L), TDS (104.23 mg/L), Bo. (2.83 mg/L) and F (0.87 mg/L) were belo. WHo.standards irrespective o. their defecatio. status. The values fo. electrical co.ductivity (EC) (2770.50 µs/cm, turbidity (481.24 NTU), disso.ved o.ygen (Do. (5.32 mg/L), chemical o.ygen demand (Co.) (445.50 mg/L), K (125.06 mg/L), Po. (0.78 mg/L) and Fe (0.57 mg/L) were abo.e the WHo.limits fo. safe water. Higher EC and Co. values o.tained in the study is evidence o. po.lutio. o. the water so.rces by o.ganic matter.

关键词： o.en Defecatio. Surface Water Water Quality Standard Physico.hemical Parameters

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Advances in disco.ery o. no.el investigatio.al agents fo. functio.al cure o. chro.ic hepatitis B:A co.prehensive review o. phases II and III therapeutic agents

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Hepato.o.y 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Ro.ert Lam joseph K Lim Sectio. o. Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chro.ic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infectio. affects o.er 295 millio. peo.le glo.ally and an estimated 1.6 millio. peo.le in the United *** is asso.iated with significant mo.bidity and mo.tality due to.cirrho.is,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with o.al nucleo.(t)ide analo.ues is asso.iated with high rates o. viro.o.ic suppressio.,which in turn has been asso.iated with a decreased risk o. liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by co.cerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,lo.g-term treatment,and o.go.ng risk fo. liver *** investigatio.al agents are currently in develo.ment and are targeted at achieving functio.al cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)lo.s and suppressio. o. HBV *** we review key evidence fro. phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety pro.iles fo. key investigatio.al agents fo. functio.al cure o. chro.ic hepatitis B,including co.e/capsid inhibito.s,entry inhibito.s,RNA interference(siRNA/ASo.,HBsAg inhibito.s,To.l-like recepto. ago.ists,checkpo.nt inhibito.s,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibito.s Co.e inhibito.s Immuno.o.ulato.s

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Aco.sto.luidic scanning fluo.escence nano.co.y with a large field o. view

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Micro.ystems & Nano.ngineering 2024年第3期10卷 159-167页

作者： Geo.so. Jin Neil Upreti joseph Rich Jianping Xia Chenglo.g Zhao.To.y Jun Huang Tho.as Lo.d Department o. Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Department o. Bio.edical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA The MITRE Co.po.atio. McLeanVA 22102USA

Large-field nano.cale fluo.escence imaging is invaluable fo. many applicatio.s,such as imaging subcellular structures,visualizing pro.ein interactio.s,and high-reso.utio. tissue ***,co.ventio.al fluo.escence micro.co.y requires a trade-o.f between reso.utio. and field o. view due to.the nature o. the o.tics used to.fo.m the *** o.erco.e this barrier,we develo.ed an aco.sto.luidic scanning fluo.escence nano.co.e that simultaneo.sly achieves superio. reso.utio.,a large field o. view,and stro.g fluo.escent *** aco.sto.luidic scanning fluo.escence nano.co.e utilizes the superreso.utio. capabilities o. micro.pheres that are co.tro.led by a pro.rammable aco.sto.luidic device fo. rapid fluo.escence enhancement and *** aco.sto.luidic scanning fluo.escence nano.co.e reso.ves structures that canno. be reso.ved with co.ventio.al fluo.escence micro.co.es with the same o.jective lens and enhances the fluo.escent signal by a facto. o.~5 witho.t altering the field o. view o. the *** impro.ed reso.utio. realized with enhanced fluo.escent signals and the large field o. view achieved via aco.sto.luidic scanning fluo.escence nano.co.y pro.ides a po.erful to.l fo. versatile nano.cale fluo.escence imaging fo. researchers in the fields o. medicine,bio.o.y,bio.hysics,and bio.edical engineering.

关键词： field reso.utio. utilize

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No.-pharmaco.o.ical interventio.s fo. diabetic peripheral neuro.athy:Are we winning the battle?

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 579-585页

作者： Dania Blaibel Co.nelius James Fernandez joseph M Pappachan Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department o. Endo.rino.o.y&Metabo.ism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Bio.o.y Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Despite the advent o. relatively reliable mo.alities o. diagno.ing diabetic peripheral neuro.athy(DPN),such as nerve co.ductio. studies,there is still a kno.ledge gap abo.t the patho.hysio.o.y,and thus limited available in-terventio.s fo. sympto. co.tro. and curtailing disease *** pharma-co.o.ic aspect o. management is mainly centred o. pain co.tro.,ho.ever,there are several impo.tant aspects o. DPN such as lo.s o. vibratio. sense,pressure sense,and pro.rio.eptio. which are asso.iated with risks to.lo.er limb health,which pharmaco.herapy do.s no. ***,published evidence suggests no.-pharmaco.o.ic interventio.s such as glycaemic co.tro. thro.gh dietary mo.ificatio. and exercise need to.be co.bined with o.her measures such as psycho.herapy,to.reach a desired,ho.ever mo.est *** is emerging as an impo.tant treatment mo.ality fo. several chro.ic medical co.ditio.s including neuro.athic and o.her pain *** their study published in the Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes o. the po.ential o. acupuncture to.reduce DPN sympto.s and enhance nerve co.ductio. parameters,Ho.rder et al have been able to.demo.strate that acupuncture impro.es senso.y functio. and that this effect is likely sustained two.mo.ths after treatment *** previo.s studies also.suppo.t these findings,larger multi-center rando.ized co.tro. trials including a sham-co.tro.led arm acco.nting fo. a placebo.effect are ***,given the satisfacto.y safety pro.ile and the po.itive results fo.nd in these studies,it is likely that acupuncture may beco.e an impo.tant aspect o. the reperto.re o. effective DPN management.

关键词： Diabetic peripheral neuro.athy Diabetes mellitus Pharmaco.herapy Acupuncture Neuro.athic pain No.pharmaco.o.ical interventio.

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Acute wo.sening o. micro.ascular co.plicatio.s o. diabetes mellitus during rapid glycemic co.tro.:The patho.io.o.y and therapeutic implicatio.s

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 311-317页

作者： Dania Blaibel Co.nelius James Fernandez joseph M Pappachan Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Bio.o.y Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

While chro.ic hyperglycaemia resulting fro. po.rly co.tro.led diabetes mellitus(DM)is a well-kno.n precurso. to.co.plicatio.s such as diabetic retino.athy,neuro.athy(including auto.o.ic neuro.athy),and nephro.athy,a parado.ical intensificatio. o. these co.plicatio.s can rarely o.cur with aggressive glycemic management resulting in a rapid reductio. o. glycated ***,acute o.set o. wo.sening o. retino.athy and treatment induced neuro.athy o. diabetes are mo.e co.mo. amo.g these co.plicatio.s,rarely o.her pro.lems such as albuminuria,diabetic kidney disease,Charco.’s neuro.rthro.athy,gastro.aresis,and urinary bladder dysfunctio. are also.*** Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes recently published a rare case o. all these co.plicatio.s,o.curring in a yo.ng type 1 diabetic female intensely managed during pregnancy,as a case repo.t by Huret et *** is essential to.have a co.prehensive understanding o. the patho.io.o.y,prevalence,predispo.ing facto.s,and management strategies fo. acute o.set,o. wo.sening o. micro.ascular co.plicatio.s when rapid glycemic co.tro. is achieved,which serves to.alleviate patient mo.bidity,enhance disease management co.pliance,and po.sibly to.avo.d medico.legal issues aro.nd this rare clinical *** edito.ial delves into.the dynamics surro.nding the acute exacerbatio. o. micro.ascular co.plicatio.s in po.rly co.tro.led DM during rapid glycaemic co.tro..

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Micro.ascular co.plicatio.s Diabetic retino.athy Treatment induced neuro.athy o. diabetes Diabetic nephro.athy Charco.’s neuro.athy

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Diabetic cardio.yo.athy:Emerging therapeutic o.tio.s

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Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1677-1682页

作者： Co.nelius James Fernandez Sahana Shetty joseph M Pappachan Department o. Endo.rino.o.y&Metabo.ism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department o. Endo.rino.o.y Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Department o. Endo.rino.o.y and Metabo.ism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty o. Bio.o.y Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Diabetic cardio.yo.athy(DbCM)is a co.mo. but underreco.nized co.plicatio. o. patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Altho.gh the patho.io.o.y o. o.her cardiac co.plicatio.s o. diabetes such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac auto.o.ic neuro.athy are mo.tly kno.n with reaso.able therapeutic o.tio.s,the mechanisms and management o.tio.s fo. DbCM are still no. fully *** its early stages,DbCM presents with diasto.ic dysfunctio. fo.lo.ed by heart failure(HF)with preserved ejectio. fractio. that can pro.ress to.systo.ic dysfunctio. and HF with reduced ejectio. fractio. in its advanced stages unless appro.riately *** fro. pro.pt co.tro. o. DM with lifestyle changes and antidiabetic medicatio.s,disease-mo.ifying therapy fo. DbCM includes pro.pt co.tro. o. hypertensio. and dyslipidemia inherent to.patients with DM as in o.her fo.ms o. heart diseases and the use o. treatments with pro.en efficacy in HF.A basic study by Zhang et al,in a recent issue o. the Wo.ld Jo.rnal o. Diabetes elabo.ates the po.ential patho.hysio.o.ical alteratio.s and the therapeutic ro.e o. teneligliptin in diabetic mo.se mo.els with *** this preliminary basic study might help to.impro.e o.r understanding o. DbCM and o.fer a po.ential new management o.tio. fo. patients with the disease,the po.itive results fro. such animal mo.els might no. always translate to.clinical practice as the patho.io.o.y o. DbCM in humans co.ld be ***,such experimental studies can enco.rage mo.e scientific effo.ts to.find a better so.utio. to.treat patients with this enigmatic disease.

关键词： Diabetic cardio.yo.athy Diabetic cardio.yo.athy Heart failure Patho.io.o.y Teneligliptin

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Defining the asso.iatio. between the pro.o.ged o.erative time and 90-day co.plicatio.s in patients undergo.ng radical cystecto.y

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Asian Jo.rnal o. Uro.o.y 2024年第3期11卷 429-436页

作者： Peter Hanna joseph Zabell Badrinath Ko.ety Christo.her Warlick Department o. Uro.o.y University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department o. Uro.o.y Aswan UniversityAswanEgypt Department o. Uro.o.y Rush UniversityChicagoILUSA

o.jective:Radical cystecto.y is a co.plex lengthy pro.edure asso.iated with po.to.erative *** aimed to.assess the o.erative time(o.)in patients undergo.ng radical cystecto.y and its impact o. 90-day po.to.erative co.plicatio.s and readmissio. ***:The retro.pective co.o.t study included 296 patients undergo.ng radical cystecto.y and urinary diversio. fro. May 2010 to.December 2018 in o.r *** o. o. 369 min was set as a cuto.f value between sho.t and lo.g o. *** primary o.tco.e was 90-day po.to.erative co.plicatio. *** o.tco.es were gastro.ntestinal reco.ery time,length o. ho.pital stay,and 90-day readmissio. ***:The o.erall incidence o. 90-day po.to.erative co.plicatio.s was 79.7%where 43.2%representing lo.-grade co.plicatio.s acco.ding to.the ClavieneDindo.classificatio.(Grade 1 and Grade 2),and 36.5%representing high-grade co.plicatio.s(Grade3).Gastro.ntestinal tract and infectio.s co.plicatio.s are the mo.t co.mo. co.plicatio.s in o.r data set(45.9%and 45.6%,respectively).o. multivariable analysis,pro.o.ged o. was significantly asso.iated with o.ds o. high-grade co.plicatio.s(o.ds ratio.2.340,95%co.fidence interval 1.288e4.250,p=0.005).After pro.ensity sco.e-matched analysis,a higher incidence o. majo. co.plicatio.s was identified in the lo.g o. gro.p 55(51.4%)co.pared to.35(32.7%)in the sho.t o. gro.p(p=0.006).A sho.ter gastro.ntestinal tract reco.ery time was no.iced in the sho.t o. gro.p(p=0.009).Pro.o.ged o. was asso.iated with a higher 90-day readmissio. rate o. univariate and multivariate analyses(p<0.001,p=0.001,respectively).

关键词： Radicalcystecto.y o.erativetime Co.plicatio. Readmissio.

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