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International Journal of digital Earth 2011年第3期4卷 258-270页

作者： R.V.sheeja sabu joseph d.s.Jaya R.s.Baiju Kerala state Remote sensing and Environment Centre VikasbhavanThiruvananthapuram 695033KeralaIndia department of Environmental sciences University of KeralaKariyavattomThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia Centre for Earth science studies(CEss) ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Land use and land cover change,perhaps the most significant anthropogenic disturbance to the environment,mainly due to rapid urbanization/industrialization and large scale agricultural *** this paper,an attempt has been made to appraise land use/land cover changes over a century(19142007)in the Neyyar River Basin(L56 km;Area483.4 km2)in southern Keralaa biodiversity hot spot in Peninsular *** this study,digital remote sensing data of the Indian Remote sensing satellite series I-d(LIss III,20062007)on 1:50,000 scale,survey of India(sOI)toposheet of 1914(1:63,360)and 1967(1:50,000)have been utilized to map various land use/land cover *** of different periods have been registered and resampled to similar geographic coordinates using ERdAs Imagine *** most notable changes include decreases in areas of paddy cultivation,mixed crops,scrub lands and evergreen forests,and increases in built-up areas,rubber plantations,dense mixed forests,and water ***,large scale exploitation of flood plain mud and river sand have reached menacing proportions leading to bank caving and cut offs at channel *** of land and water resources forms an important aspect of ecosystem management in the basin.

关键词： remote sensing GIs land use/land cover Neyyar basin Kerala

TCR-pMHC:Envisioning the specialized dynamics of the target 5-component complex

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 657-659页

作者： joseph s.Murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

The mechanosensor theory of TCR function holds theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor complex ultimately responsible for adaptive immunity[1,2,3].T-cell motility is envisioned to provide a force necessary to slow TCR dynamics as it sits on the pMHC ligand of an antigen presenting cell[1],which theoretically allows the TCR to discriminate different pMHC structures,principally by the so-called catch bonds(mostly H-bonds)at the interfaces of the 5-component complex(i.e.,TCRα/TCRβ/peptide/MHC-IIα(or,MHC-heavy-chain)/MHC-IIβ(or MHC-light-chain)[1,2,3,4].

关键词： component TCR complex

TCR-pMHC: may the force be of you?

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1622-1623页

作者： joseph s.Murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

Theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor(TCR)is a transmembrane heterodimer containing genetically variable(V)domains and constant domains within each polypeptide chain.1 The Vαand Vβdomains bind with a clonally unique(clonotypic)interface angle,2 and the complementary determining regions(CdR1,CdR2,and CdR3)manifest as‘loops’between anti-parallelβ-strands of the overall sandwich ofβ-sheets with a central disulfide *** with immunoglobulins,the CdR1 and CdR2 loops are encoded in the germline via the particular V-region dNA segment involved in the RAG1/RAG2 recombination mechanism responsible for somatic construction,together with the d-and/or J-segment,of the third loop,CdR3.1,3 As shown by multiple solved X-ray crystallography structures,the CdRs contain the closest amino acid(a.a.)contacts with the peptide(p)plus the major histocompatibility complex(MHC)protein(together abbrev.,pMHC)composite *** rigorous selection in the thymus for only those TCRs that should function properly in the particular individual after birth(MHC restriction),4 T cells function clonally as well,i.e.,different T-cell clones display differential responses to not only different pMHC ligands but also perhaps more importantly,to the same pMHC ligands.5,6 A long-standing question is how(not whether)TCR V-domain binding to pMHC is ultimately responsible for such vast biological outcomes as protection *** to infectious diseases,atopy,the onset of autoimmune diseases,and the success of various types of transplantation.

关键词： properly sandwich rigorous

Review of operative considerations in spinal cord stem cell therapy

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World Journal of stem Cells 2021年第2期13卷 168-176页

作者： Pavan s Upadhyayula Joel R Martin Robert C Rennert joseph d Ciacci department of Neurological surgery University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92037United States

spinal cord injury(sCI)can permanently impair motor and sensory function and has a devastating cost to patients and the United states healthcare *** cell transplantation for treatment of sCI is a new technique aimed at creating biological functional *** techniques in stem cell transplantation for sCI are *** review various clinical treatment paradigms,surgical techniques and technical considerations important in sCI *** NCBI PubMed database was queried for“sCI”and“stem cell”with a filter placed for“clinical trials”.Thirty-nine articles resulted from the search and 29 were included and evaluated by study authors.A total of 10 articles were excluded(9 not sCI focused or transplantation focused,1 canine model).Key considerations for stem cell transplantation include method of delivery(intravenous,intrathecal,intramedullary,or excision and engraftment),time course of treatment,number of treatments and time from injury until *** are no phase III clinical trials yet,but decreased time from injury to treatment and a greater number of stem cell injections both seem to increase the chance of functional recovery.

关键词： stem cell spinal cord injury Operative techniques stem cell transplantation Intramedullary

Regulation of inflammasomes by ubiquitination

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第6期13卷 722-728页

作者： joseph s Bednash Rama K Mallampalli division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Department of Medicine Acute Lung injury Center of Excellence University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Medical specialty service Line Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA 15240 USA

Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that regulate the innate immune response by facilitating the release of inflammatory cytokines in response to pathogen exposure or cellular damage. Pro-inflammatory inflammasome signaling is vital to host defense and helps initiate the process of tissue repair following an insult to the host, but can be injurious, when excessive or chronic. As such, inflammasome activity is tightly regulated. Here we discuss one critical mechanism of inflammasome regulation, ubiquitination, that functions as a universal modulator of protein stability and trafficking. Recent studies have provided important insights into the regulation of inflammasome activation by protein ubiquitination. We review the molecular regulation of inflammasome function, specifically, as it relates to ubiquitination, and discuss the implications for the development of theraoeutics to soecificallv target aberrant inflammasome signaling.

关键词： deubiquitinase E3 ligase inflammasome innate immunity ubiqutin

Particles dispersion on fluid-liquid interfaces

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Particuology 2011年第1期9卷 1-13页

作者： sathish Gurupatham Bhavin dalal Md.shahadat Hossain Ian s.Fischer Pushpendra singh daniel d.joseph department of Mechanical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics University of Minnesota department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Irvine

This paper is concerned with the dispersion of particles on the fluid-liquid interface. In a previous study we have shown that when small particles, e.g., flour, pollen, glass beads, etc., contact an air-liquid interface, they disperse rapidly as if they were in an explosion. The rapid dispersion is due to the fact that the capillary force pulls particles into the interface causing them to accelerate to a large velocity. In this paper we show that motion of particles normal to the interface is inertia dominated; they oscillate vertically about their equilibrium position before coming to rest under viscous drag. This vertical motion of a particle causes a radially-outward lateral （secondary） flow on the interface that causes nearby particles to move away. The dispersion on a liquid-liquid interface, which is the primary focus of this study, was relatively weaker than on an air-liquid interface, and occurred over a longer period of time. When falling through an upper liquid the particles have a slower velocity than when falling through air because the liquid has a greater viscosity. Another difference for the liquid-liquid interface is that the separation of particles begins in the upper liquid before the particles reach the interface. The rate of dispersion depended on the size of the particles, the densities of the particle and liquids, the viscosities of the liquids involved, and the contact angle. For small particles, partial pinning and hysteresis of the three-phase contact line on the surface of the particle during adsorption on liquid-liquid interfaces was also important. The frequency of oscillation of particles about their floating equilibrium increased with decreasing particle size on both air-water and liquid-liquid interfaces, and the time to reach equilibrium decreased with decreasing particle size. These results are in agreement with our analysis.

关键词： Adsorption Interfacial tension Particle dispersion Fluid–liquid interface Capillary force Viscous drag

High strength and ductility of titanium matrix composites by nanoscale design in selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 114-127页

作者： joseph A.Otte Jin Zou Matthew s.dargusch school of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

The use of selective laser melting(sLM)to produce titanium matrix composites(TMCs)with high strength while retaining sufficient tensile ductility suitable for structural applications is emerging as an attractive opportunity in the field of advanced ***,the presence of coarse ceramic reinforcements as well as difficulties in optimizing the sLM process is a barrier to the application of *** this study,we demonstrated the production of TMCs reinforced with in situ high aspect ratio Ti B nanowhiskers by selective laser melting using nanosized BN powder *** Ti with 2.5 vol.%nanosized BN powder showed promise for producing high performance TMCs with retained *** acted to produce Ti B nanowhiskers with diameterst process furnace annealing Ti B retained a low diameter but exhibited a high aspect ratio,up to *** addition to Ti B refinement,nanosized BN addition promoted grain refinement during sLM,both acting as a solute to induce nucleation events and,as Ti B is formed,providing nucleation sites leading to an ultrafine grain structure in as printed samples and after *** produced TMCs exhibit high tensile yield strength,up to1392 MPa,while retaining tensile ductility up to 10%.This study has shown how nanoscale design in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing techniques can be used to produce high performance TMCs through a combination of refined grain structure and high aspect ratio Ti B leading to TMCs with significant improvement in strength,isotropic properties and retained tensile ductility.

关键词： Additive manufacturing selective laser melting Metal matrix composite Mechanical properties Nanostructure Nanowires

Colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease:Practice guidelines and recent developments

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4148-4157页

作者： William T Clarke joseph d Feuerstein department of Medicine and division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School

Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease(IBd)involving at least 1/3 of the colon are at increased risk for colorectal cancer(CRC).Advancements in CRC screening and surveillance and improved treatment of IBd has reduced CRC incidence in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s *** cases of CRC are thought to arise from dysplasia,and recent evidence suggests that the majority of dysplastic lesions in patients with IBd are visible,in part thanks to advancements in high definition colonoscopy and *** practice guidelines have supported the use of chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies of visible lesions rather than traditional random *** are encouraged to endoscopically resect visible dysplasia and only recommend surgery when a complete resection is not *** technologies such as virtual chromoendoscopy are emerging as potential tools in CRC *** with IBd at increased risk for developing CRC should undergo surveillance colonoscopy using new approaches and techniques.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Colorectal cancer screening Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Colonoscopy Chromoendoscopy

Genomic insights into hybridization in a localized region of sympatry between pewee sister species(Contopus sordidulus × C. virens) and their chromosomal patterns of differentiation

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Chinese Birds 2016年第1期7卷 48-55页

作者： joseph d.Manthey Mark B.Robbins Biodiversity Institute University of Kansas department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas

Background: The Great Plains of the United states includes a large number of hybrid and contact zones between bird species. The amount of gene flow between sister species in these zones ranges from very rare hybridization events to widespread and prevalent introgression. some of these avian systems have been studied extensively, while others have been indeterminate of whether hybridization exists in areas of sympatry. Using genomic-level approaches allows investigation of genomic patterns of hybridization and gene flow between species—or lack ***: We investigated a narrow zone of sympatry in Nebraska, UsA between pewee species(Contopus sordidulus and C. virens), for which no hybridization has been confirmed. We used thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify potential hybridization and investigate genomic patterns of differentiation between these two ***: We found evidence of multiple hybrid individuals in the contact zone. Little genomic variation was fixed between species, but a large proportion had differentiated allele frequencies between species. There was a positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome ***: We provided the first conclusive evidence of hybridization between C. sordidulus and C. virens, in a region where secondary contact likely occurred due to human disturbance and habitat modification. The genomic patterns of differentiation affirm that these species split in the relatively recent past. Finally, the relationship of chromosome size and genetic differentiation may have resulted from differential rates of chromosomal recombination in songbirds and genetic differentiation between species largely due to genetic drift(possibly in concert with selection).

关键词： Contact zone Hybrid zone Hybridization Chromosomal patterns Next-generation sequencing Contopus North America

Intense violet-blue emission and paramagnetism of nanocrystalline Gd^(3+) doped ZnO ceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第4期4卷 300-306页

作者： s.sAMBAsIVAM d.PAUL joseph s.AsIRI NAIdU K.N.HUI K.s.HUI B.C.CHOI department of Physics Pukyong National UniversityBusan 608-737Republic of Korea department of Physics Velammal Institute of TechnologyChennai 601204India department of Physics National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies NuzvidAndhra Pradesh 521201India Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacaoChina department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering Hanyang University17 Haengdang-dongSeongdong-guSeoul 133-791Republic of Korea

Nanocrystalline Zn1-xGdxO(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,and 0.08)ceramics were synthesized by ball milling and subsequent solid-state *** transmission electron microscopy(TEM)micrograph of as synthesized samples revealed the formation of crystallites with an average diameter of 60 nm,and the selected area electron diffraction(sAEd)pattern confirmed the formation of wurtzite structure.A red shift in the band gap was observed with increasing Gd^(3+)*** photoluminescence of nanocrystalline Gd^(3+)doped ZnO exhibited a strong violet-blue *** dependence of the emission intensity of Gd^(3+)in ZnO was studied,and the critical concentration was found to be 4 mol%of Gd^(3+).The Gd^(3+)doped ZnO exhibited paramagnetic behavior at room temperature,and the magnetic moment increased with Gd^(3+)concentration.

关键词： X-ray diffraction(XRd) nano-ceramics rare earth element semiconductors