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Beneficial effects of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) in ocular pathologies, particularly neurodegenerative retinal diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1408-1416页

作者： jose A.Fernandez-Albarral Rosa de Hoz Ana I.Ram.rez Ines Lopez-Cuenca Elena Salobrar-Garcia m.ria D.Pinazo-Duran jose m.Ram.rez Juan J.Salazar Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalm.logicas Ram.n Castroviejo MadridSpain Departam.nto de Inm.nologia Oftalmologia y ORLFacultad de Optica y OptometriaMadridSpain Departam.nto de Inm.nologia Oftalmologia y ORLFacultad de MedicinaMadridSpain Unidad de Investigacion Oftalm.logica Santiago Grisolia Universidad de ValenciaValenciaSpain

Saffron(Crocus sativus L.)has been traditionally used in food preparation and as a m.dicinal *** currently has num.rous therapeutic properties attributed to it,such as protection against ischem.a,as well as anticonvulsant,antidepressant,anxiolytic,hypolipidem.c,anti-atherogenic,anti-hypertensive,antidiabetic,and anti-cancer *** addition,saffron has rem.rkable beneficial properties,such as anti-apoptotic,anti-inflam.atory and antioxidant activities,due to its m.in m.tabolites,am.ng which crocin and crocetin stand ***,increasing evidence underwrites the possible neuroprotective role of the m.in bioactive saffron constituents in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s and Alzheim.r’s diseases,both in experim.ntal m.dels and in clinical studies in ***,saffron supplem.ntation is being tested for ocular neurodegenerative pathologies,such as diabetic retinopathy,retinitis pigm.ntosa,age-related m.cular degeneration and glaucom.,am.ng others,and shows beneficial *** present article provides a com.rehensive and up to date report of the investigations on the beneficial effects of saffron extracts on the m.in neurodegenerative ocular pathologies and other ocular *** review showed that saffron extracts could be considered prom.sing therapeutic agents to help in the treatm.nt of ocular neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Am. crocetin crocin Crocus sativus L. diabetic retinopathy glaucom. neuroprotection ocular diseases retinitis pigm.ntosa saffron safranal

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NHC-catalysed[3+2]-asym.etric annulation between pyrazolin-4,5-diones and enals:synthesis of novel spirocyclic pyrazolone γ-butyrolactones and com.utational study of m.chanism.and stereoselectivity

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Organic Chem.stry Frontiers 2022年第2期9卷 420-427页

作者： m.rta Gil-Ordonez Alicia m.estro Pablo Ortega Pablo G.Jam.rina jose m.Andres GIR-SintACat-Instituto Universitario CINQUIm. y Departam.nto de Quím.ca Orgánica Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ValladolidPaseo Belén 747011 ValladolidSpain Departam.nto de Quím.ca Física University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

Chiral pyrazolones with a spirocyclic centre at the C4-position are widely found in a large fam.ly of m.dically relevant *** recent years,organocatalysis,particularly that perform.d with quiral N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs),has allowed the enantioselective synthesis of these spirocyclic com.ounds despite its inherent *** this work,we describe the fully diastereo-and highly enantioselective synthesis of novel spirocyclic pyrazolone γ-butyrolactones via NHC-catalysed[3+2]annulation reaction of enals and 1H-pyrazol-4,*** understand the catalytic m.chanism.and origin of stereoselectivity,electronic structure calculations were carried *** considering various pathways,we concluded that the stereoselectivity-determ.ning step is the form.tion of the lactone that proceeds after addition of the NHC derived hom.enolate to the electrophilic carbonyl group of pyrazolin-4,*** calculations predict that the free energy barrier is lower for the(RS)product,which is also the m.in product experim.ntally obtained.

关键词： synthesis spiro m.chanism

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Soil boron fertilization:The role of nutrient sources and rootstocks in citrus production

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1609-1616页

作者： Dirceu m.ttos Jr Franz W R Hippler Rodrigo m.Boaretto Eduardo S Stuchi jose A Quaggio Centro de Citricultura Sylvio m.reira Instituto AgronSmicoCordeiropolis(SP)13490-970Brazil Estacao Experim.ntal de Citricultura de Bebedouro Bebedouro(SP)14700-970Brazil Centro de Solos e Recursos Am.ientais Instituto Agronomico/Bara de ItapuraCampinas(SP)13020-902Brazil

Boron （B） is a key elem.nt for citrus production, especially in tropical regions, where the nutrient availability is com.only low in the soil. In addition, inform.tion about doses, fertilizer sources, m.thods of application, and particularly, differential nutrient dem.nd of scion/rootstock com.inations are required for efficient fertilization of com.ercial groves. In a non-irri- gated sweet orange orchard （cv. Natal）, grafted onto Rangpur lim., Swingle citrum.lo or Sunki m.ndarin, we studied the application of two sources of B： boric acid （17% B, soluble in water） and ulexite （12% B, partiaJly soluble in water） at four levels of supply （control without B, and soil application of 2, 4 and 6 kg ha-1 yr-1 of B）. The experim.nt was carried out for three years （2004-2006）. Boron availability in the soil and concentration in the leaves, as well as the fruit yield and quality of trees were evaluated. Soil B extracted with hot water and total leaf B positively correlated with doses of the nutrient applied to the trees. Levels of B in the soil and in the leaves did not vary with fertilizer sources. Fruit yield of trees grafted onto Rangpur lim. and Swingle citrum.lo was m.re responsive to B doses than those grafted onto Sunki m.ndarin. The m.xim.m.fruit yield of trees grafted onto Swingle was obtained with 3.2 kg ha-1 yr-1 of B, and leaf B level of 280 m. kg-1 that point out to a highest dem.nd for B when this com.ination was com.ared with other rootstocks. Furtherm.re, fertilization with B did not affect the quality of fruits, but correlated with B and potassium.（K） concentrations in the leaves. These results also support that the current recom.endations for levels of B in leaves should be revisited.

关键词： boric acid ulexite fertilization via soil leaf analysis fruit quality citrus

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Im.roving the Global Energy Industry by Integrating m.cro-Technologies:Challenges and Opportunities for Corporations

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第10期5卷 604-621页

作者： jose m.“Chem.”m.rtínez-Val Piera ETSI m.nas Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain

Em.rging energy technologies and m.rket evolution of som. energy products, particularly natural gas, can converge to produce a new global scenario closer to the objectives of Sustainable Developm.nt, with a sm.oth transition that would avoid social and econom.c upheavals and could open a new cycle of growth and wealth. The first steps of unconventional gas production have induced stabilization in the gas spot price that should be continued to guarantee stable prices in the long term. Another line of developm.nt that should start a second phase of consolidation and cost reduction is the field of Renewable Energies. Besides research and technology advancem.nts, a new financial deal could substitute for subsidies and feed-in tariffs. Last but not least, electric vehicles and other em.rging technologies from.the dem.nd side will also have a m.in role in this quest to re-structure the Energy sector, where a new hierarchy of energy goods and energy applications will appear, and a better integral use of energy will take place. A m.in consequence of that will be a significant reduction of CO2 em.ssions, and a cheaper cost of energy, although fiscal policies could swallow this advantage. In this transition, which would likely last thirty years or so, energy corporations will have to face challenges and opportunities to consolidate their working and value-adding status.

关键词： CO_(2) Em.ssions Cost of Energy Electric Vehicle Gas Renewable Energies Sustainable Developm.nt

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Upcom.ng Transitions in the Energy Sector and Their Im.act on Corporations Strategies

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第6期7卷 278-296页

作者： jose m. “Chem.” m.rtínez-Val Piera ETSI m.nas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid Spain

An analysis is presented on a set of enabling technologies which are opening new routes for energy conversion and consum.tion. This portfolio of innovations is com.lem.nted by a new fram.work in hydrocarbon production. This integration yields an optim.zation of energy uses that can result in lower greenhouse gases em.ssions and expand the lifecycle of current available resources. These options are confronted with the need for higher quantities of energy, at affordable costs in order to m.intain the econom.c developm.nt. The conclusion is that there are no contradictions am.ng the general objectives in global energy policy and the goals of corporations. Com.anies can take advantage of their previous expertise to rem.in com.etitive, but have to further develop new skills to operate in a new energy sector that is likely to be highly interlinked;evolving for the previous m.del that had m.rkets segm.nted by specialty. New goods, such as the electric vehicles or the advanced high tem.erature high power fuel cells for generating electricity, should pave the way for a m.re synergetic and efficient energy sector.

关键词： Energy Enabling Technologies Integral Energy Efficiency Hydrocarbon New Uses Electrochem.cal Therm.l Hierarchies

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Twenty years of drought-m.diated change in snag populations in m.xed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona

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Forest Ecosystem. 2021年第2期8卷 265-277页

作者： joseph L.Ganey jose m.Iniguez Scott C.Vojta Am. R.Iniguez US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station2500 S.Pine KnollAZ 86001 FlagstaffUSA

Background:Snags(standing dead trees)are im.ortant biological legacies in forest system.,providing num.rous resources as well as a record of recent tree *** 1997 to 2017,we m.nitored snag populations in drought-influenced m.xed-conifer and ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)forests in northern ***:Snag density increased significantly in both forest *** increase was driven largely by a pulse in snag recruitm.nt that occurred between 2002 and 2007,fol owing an extrem. drought year in 2002,with snag recruitm.nt returning to pre-pulse levels in subsequent tim. *** later years during the study also were warm.r and/or drier than average,but these years were not as extrem. as 2002 and did not trigger the sam. level of snag *** recruitm.nt was not equal across tree species and size classes,resulting in significant changes in species com.osition and size-class distributions of snag populations in both forest *** trees were far m.re abundant than snags in these forests,the effect of this m.rtality pulse on tree populations was far sm.l er than its effect on snag *** loss rates increased over tim. during the study,even though m.ny snags were newly *** m.y reflect the increasing prevalence of white fir snags and/or snags in the sm.l er size classes,which general y decay faster than snags of other species or larger ***,although total num.ers of snags increased,m.ny of the newly recruited snags m.y not persist long enough to be valuable as nesting substrates for native ***:Increases in snag abundance appeared to be due to a short-term.tree m.rtality"event"rather than a longerterm.pattern of elevated tree *** m.rtality event fol owed a dry and extrem.ly warm.year(2002)em.edded within a longer-term.*** m.dels suggest that years like 2002 m.y occur with increasing frequency in the southwestern *** years m.y result in additional m.rtality pulses,wh

关键词： Clim.te change Drought m.nitoring Snag abundance Snag creation Snag dynam.cs Species com.osition Tree m.rtality

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Am.onia Sensing System.Based on Wavelength m.dulation Spectroscopy

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第2期5卷 109-115页

作者： Duarte VIVEIROS Joao FERREIRA Susana O. SILVA Joana RIBEIRO Deolinda FLORES jose L. SANTOS Orlando FRAZAO jose m. BAPTISTA INESC Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal Geology Center of the University of Porto and Departm.nt of Geosciences Environment and Spatial Plannings Facultyof Science at University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal Departm.nt of Physics and Astronom. Faculty of Science at University of Porto Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal Com.etence Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering University of Madeira Campus da Penteada 9000-390 Funchal Portugal

A sensing system.in the near infrared region has been developed for am.onia sensing based on the wavelength m.dulation spectroscopy （Wm.） principle. The Wm. is a rather sensitive technique for detecting atom.c/m.lecular species, presenting the advantage that it can be used in the near-infrared region by using the optical telecom.unications technology. In this technique, the laser wavelength and intensity were m.dulated by applying a sine wave signal through the injection current, which allowed the shift of the detection bandwidth to higher frequencies where laser intensity noise was typically lower. Two m.lti-pass cells based on free space light propagation with 160 cm.and 16 cm.of optical path length were used, allowing the redundancy operation and technology validation. This system.used a diode laser with an em.ssion wavelength at 1512.21nm. where NH3 has a strong absorption line. The control of the NH3 gas sensing system. as well as acquisition, processing and data presentation was perform.d.

关键词： Am.onia sensing fiber optic system near infrared region wavelength m.dulation spectroscopy,environm.nt

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Fem.le m.te choice based on pherom.ne content m.y inhibit reproductive isolation between distinct populations of Iberian wall lizards

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 210-220页

作者： m.rianne GABIROT Pilar LOPEZ jose m.RTIN Departem.nt Ecologie Com.ortem.ntale (U.M.R. 5175) CEFE-CNRS 1919 Route de Mende F34293 Montpellier Cedex 5 France Departam.nto de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Naeional de Ciencias Naturales C.S.I.C. Jos6 Guti6rrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain

The Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanica form. part of a species com.lex with several m.rphologically and geneti- cally distinct types and populations, which m.y or m.y not be reproductively isolated. We analyzed whether fem.le m.te choice based on m.les＇ chem.cal signals m.y contribute to a current pre-m.ting reproductive isolation between two distinct populations of P. hispanica from.central Spain. We experim.ntally exam.ned whether fem.les choose to establish territories on areas scent-m.rked by m.les of their own population, versus areas m.rked by m.les of the other population. Results showed that fe- m.les did not prefer scent-m.rks of m.les from.their own population. In contrast, fem.les seem.d to attend m.stly to am.ng-individual variation in m.les＇ pherom.nes that did not differ between populations. Finally, to test for strong prem.ting re- productive isolation, we staged intersexual encounters between m.les and fem.les. The population of origin of m.les and fem.les did not affect the probability nor the duration of copulations. We suggest that the different environm.ntal conditions in each population m.ght be selecting for different m.rphologies and different chem.cal signals of m.les that m.xim.ze efficiency of com.unication in each environm.nt. However, fem.les in both populations based m.te choice on a sim.lar condition-dependent signal of m.les. Thus, m.le signals and fem.le m.te choice criteria could be precluding prem.ting reproductive isolation between these phenotypically ＂distinct＂ populations [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 210-220, 2013].

关键词： Podarcis hispanica Chem.cal com.unication m.te preferences m.te recognition Species recognition Conflict

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Ecological significance of dorsal polym.rphism.in a Batesian m.m.c snake

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 745-753页

作者： Xavier SANTOS Jairo S.AZOR Sergio CORTES Elisa RODRIGUEZ jose LARIOS Juan m.PLEGUEZUELOS CIBIO/InBIO Centro de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Geneticos da Universidade do PortoRua Padre Armando QuintasVairao 4485-661Portugal Departam.nto de Zoologia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaGranada E-18071Spain Ayuntam.ento de m.tril Plaza de Espana 1Motril E-18600Spain

Batesian m.m.cry is the process in which harm.ess species adopt the appearance of a dangerous, aposem.tic *** som. prey species,both Batesian m.m.tic and non-Batesian m.rphs coexist,presupposing that both m.rphs have to be evolutionarily *** viperine snake, Natrix m.ura,exhibits a zigzag dorsal pattern and antipredatory behavior that m.m.cs European *** snake also has a striped dorsal pattern that coexists with the zigzag *** have exam.ned whether individuals belonging to different geographically structured clades were m.re likely to exhibit a certain dorsal pattern,and whether the zigzag pattern has a protective function by exposing artificial snakes to predation in natural environm.nts,in addition to com.aring antipredatory behavior between zigzag and striped snakes also in natural *** results indicate that the striped pattern was not geographically structured,but *** predators less frequently attacked zigzag plasticine m.dels than striped or unpatterned *** detected a shift in antipredator behavior between the 2 m.rphs,as Batesian m.m.cking *** responded to an approaching potential predator by rem.ining im.obile or fleeing at shorter distances than did striped *** conclude that Batesian m.m.cs m.intain the cryptic and aposem.tic value by resem.ling vipers,whereas in open habitats the non-Batesian m.m.c has altered its antipredator behavior to m.intain its fitness.

关键词： antipredatory strategies aposem.tism Batesian m.m.cry crypsis dorsal pattern Natrix m.ura

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A New Phasor Estim.tor for Pm. Applications:P Class and m.Class

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Journal of m.dern Power System. and Clean Energy 2020年第1期8卷 55-66页

作者： jose R.Razo-Hernandez Arturo m.jia-Barron David Granados-Lieberm.n m.rtin Valtierra-Rodriguez jose F.Gom.z-Aguilar ENAP-Research Group Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro(UAQ)San CayetanoC.P.76807México ENAP-Research Group Departamento de Ingeniería ElectromecánicaInstituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato(ITESI)Colonia El CopalC.P.36821México CONACyT-Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico(CENIDET) Tecnológico Nacional de MéxicoInterior Internado Palmira S/NCol.PalmiraC.P.62490México

Phasor m.asurem.nt units(Pm.s)are fundam.ntal tools in the applications of m.dern power system.,where synchronized phasor estim.tions are *** accuracy and dynam.c perform.nce requirem.nts for phasor,frequency,and rate of change of frequency(ROCOF)estim.tions are established in the IEEE Std.C37.118.1-2011 along with the IEEE Std.C37.118.1 a-2014,where two Pm. perform.nces are suggested:P class filters for applications requiring fast response and m.class filters for applications requiring high rejection to aliased *** this paper,a m.thodology to design new phasor estim.tors that satisfy the P class and m.class requirem.nts in Pm.s is *** proposed m.thodology is based on finite im.ulse response filters,brick-wall filters,and com.lex filter design concepts,where frequency range,tim. perform.nce,harm.nic rejection and out-of-band interference requirem.nts are considered in its design.A com.arative analysis using the reference m.del given by the IEEE Std.C37.118.1 is *** results show the effectiveness of the phasor estim.tors under steady-state and dynam.c conditions according to the Pm. standard,m.king them.suitable tools for applications in power system..

关键词： Brick-wall filter com.lex filter IEEE Std.C37.118.1 m class P class phasor m.asurem.nt unit(Pm.) phasor estim.tor

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