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Biomonitoring the <i>Vitex gardneriana</i>Shauer (Lamiaceae) Toxic Effects to Shed Light on Bioactive Compounds against a Major Coconut Pest Mite

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1601-1612页

作者： Anderson Soares de Almeida Caroline Rabelo Coelho Mirele Santana de Sá Edson de Souza Bento Alberto Wisniewski Junior Adenir Vieira Teodoro Haroudo Sátiro Xavier jose guedes de sena filho departamento de Farmácia Universidade Federal de Sergipe Cidade Universitária Professor José Aloísio de Campos Avenida Mare-chal Rondon s/n Bairro Jardim Rosa Elze S&#227 o Cristóvã o Brazil Universidade Estadual do Maranhã o Cidade Universitária Paulo VI s/n Bairro Tirirical S&#227 o Luís Brazil Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group (PEB) Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sergipe S&#227 o Cristóvã o Brazil Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia Universidade Federal de Alagoas Cidade Universitária Campus Aristóteles Calazans Sim&#245 es Avenida Lourival Melo Mota s/n Bairro Tabuleiro do Martins Maceió Brazil Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros Bairro Jardins Aracaju Brazil departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Cidade universitária Recife Brazil

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a major pest of coconut plantations (Cocos nucifera L.) worldwide. Here, we conducted a bioguided phytochemical approach using toxicity and repellency bioassays of nonpolar extract and its fractions of Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Lamiaceae) leaves to this pest. Nonpolar crude extract was fractionated by column chromatography using solvents with increased polarity and binary mixtures, resulting in five semipurified groups. The biomonitoring bioassay provided active fractions and led to the isolation and characterization of the bioactive compound squalene, a biosynthetic precursor of 20-hydroxyecdysone, which plays an important role in plant defense against arthropods. The LC50 of the crude extract of V. gardneriana for A. guerreronis was estimated to be 0.185 mg·mL-1 and LC80 = 4.123 mg·mL-1. Also, the extract was highly repellent to this pest for up to 24 h. The fractions of V. gardneriana, and also squalene, caused mortality to A. guerreronis. The potential of V. gardneriana fractions/squalene as biopesticides for controlling A. guerreronis in coconut plantations is discussed herein.

关键词： Bioassay Toxicity Phytochemistry Terpene Biopesticides Biorational Control

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Production of Aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus in Liquid Medium

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第4期7卷 377-381页

作者： Maria Edite Bezerra da Rocha Francisco das Chagas Oliveira Freire Icaro Gusmao Pinto Vieira jose Mariados Santos filho Fabio Erlan Feitosa Maia Maria Izabel Florindo guedes Davide Rondina Universidade Estadual do Ceara Avenida Paranjana 1700 CEP: 60740-000 Fortaleza Ceara Brasil Embrapa Agroindustria Tropical Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270 CEP: 60.511-110 Fortaleza-CE Brasil

Aflatoxins are produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, and can be found in many grains such as peanuts, soybeans and corn. This study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the production of aflatoxin in liquid media using strains of Aspergillus flavus obtained from peanuts marketed in the city of Fortaleza, CE. Strains of Aspergillus flavus were inoculated into a liquid medium malt extract and after 2 days inoculated into a second medium containing sucrose 5%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1%, KH2PO4 1%, ZnSO4·7H2O 0.0176 g, and cultured for 3 more days. The media were kept at room temperature ranging from 24 oC to 32 oC with agitation of 130 rpm and aeration of 4.17 L/min. Qualitative analysis was performed by thin layer chromatography and quantitatively by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, demonstrating the production of aflatoxin B1 (588 mg/L) and B2 (929 mg/L).

关键词：黄曲霉毒素液体培养基生产高效液相色谱法麦芽提取物薄层色谱法寄生曲霉定量评估

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