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Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 202-210页

作者： Monika Homolkova Petr Musil Diego Pavon-jordan Dorota Gajdosova Zuzana Musilova Sarka Neuzilova Jan Zouhar Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 129CZ-16521Prague–SuchdolCzech Republic Department of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA)PO Box 5685 TorgardenTrondheimN-7485Norway Department of Econometrics Faculty of Informatics and StatisticsUniversity of Economicsnam.W.Churchilla 4CZ-13067Prague 3Czech Republic

Despite all efforts,long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear;this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations,which are often under the scrutiny of researchers lacking convenient results for the active protection of endangered *** with male-bias populations are usually strongly affected by a decline in population size that leads to a higher extinction *** this study,we examined our long-term data of the abundance of breeding populations in six duck species(Mallard Anas platyrhynchos,Gadwall Mareca strepera,Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina,Common Pochard Aythya ferina,Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula,and Common Goldeneye bucephala clangula)from fishponds in South bohemia,Czechia,between 2004 and *** evidence was used to assess long-term changes in the adult sex ratio in these breeding populations and investigate the possible effects of the NAO index(North Atlantic Oscillation index)on them,indicating climate conditions in *** determined a long-term decrease of the proportion of females in the breeding season in two of the six examined species:Common Pochard and Red-crested Pochard,which is driven by the long-term increase in the number of males in contrast to the decreasing or stable number of females likely caused by different migration behaviours between females and *** the case of Common Pochard,in breeding populations,we estimated 60-65%of males in the early 2000s rising to 75-80%in the early ***,we establish no significant effects linked to climate conditions of the previous winter in these species as a crucial cause of the changes of the proportion of females in the breeding population.

关键词： Adult sex ratio breeding population Population dynamics Red-listed species Waterfowl Winter weather conditions

在庙堂与江湖之间——苏轼和王守仁的仕途与文思

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孔学堂 2024年第1期11卷 59-69,168-177页

作者：徐圻 Liu Huawen(译) jordan b.Martin(校) 国际儒学联合会贵州省哲学学会贵州贵阳550525 孔学堂学术委员会 the Foreign Languages School at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Yuelu Academy at Hunan University

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化... 详细信息

苏轼(苏东坡)和王守仁(王阳明),这是两个在中华文化史上具有顶级影响力的名字。他们各自所处的时代相差400余年,不可同日而语;他们一个是北宋文学家、思想家、政治家,一个是明代哲学家、政治家、军事家;他们的生活道路、政治生涯、文化贡献、历史影响都很不相同。但苏轼和王守仁,有许多相似或相近之处,比如他们的社会背景、政治抱负、人生遭遇、思想倾向、文化情怀等等。比较苏轼和王守仁的相同与不同,对于认识、反思中国古代的政治生态和文化走向是有启示意义的。

关键词：苏轼和王守仁政治境遇文学高峰哲学宗师历史回声

Thiopurines and inflammatory bowel disease: Current evidence and a historical perspective

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10103-10117页

作者： jordan E Axelrad Abhik Roy Garrett Lawlor burton Korelitz Simon Lichtiger Department of Medicine Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases Columbia University Medical Center Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of California Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Northwell Health Lenox Hill Hospital

The use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease(IbD) has been examined in numerous prospective, controlled trials, with a majority demonstrating a clinical benefit. We conducted this review to describe the historical and current evidence in the use of thiopurines in IbD. A systematic search was performed on MEDLINE between 1965 and 2016 to identify studies on thiopurines in IbD. The most robust evidence for thiopurines in IbD includes induction of remission in combination with anti-tumor necrosis factor(antiTNF) agents, and maintenance of remission and postoperative maintenance in Crohn's disease. Less evidence exists for thiopurine monotherapy in induction of remission, maintenance of ulcerative colitis, chemoprevention of colorectal cancer, and in preventing immunogenicity to anti-TNF. Evidence was often limited by trial design. Overall, thiopurines have demonstrated efficacy in a broad range of presentations of IbD. With more efficacious novel therapeutic agents, the positioning of thiopurines in the management of IbD will change and future studies will analyze the benefit of thiopurines alone and in conjunction with these new medications.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Thiopurines Mercaptopurine Azathioprine

（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans in Cell Walls of the Poaceae, Lower Plants, and Fungi： A Tale of Two Linkages

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 873-882页

作者： Rachel A. burton Geoffrey b. Fincher The Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond SA 5064Australia

（1,3;1,4）-β-D-Glucans consist of unbranched and unsubstituted chains of （1,3）- and （1,4）-β-glucosyl residues, in which the ratio of （1,4）-β-D-glucosyl residues to （1,3）-β-D-glucosyl residues appears to influence not only the physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and therefore its functional properties in cell walls, but also its adoption by different plant species during evolution. The （1,3; 1,4）-β-D-glucans are widely distributed as non-cellulosic matrix phase polysaccharides in cell walls of the Poaceae, which evolved relatively recently and consist of the grasses and commercially important cereal species, but they are less commonly found in lower vascular plants, such as the horsetails, in algae and in fungi. The （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have often been considered to be components mainly of primary cell walls, but recent observations indicate that they can also be located in secondary walls of certain tissues. Enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans have been well characterized. In contrast, initial difficulties in purifying the enzymes responsible for （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis slowed progress in the identification of the genes that encode （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthases, but emerging comparative genomics and associated techniques have allowed at least some of the genes that contribute to （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan synthesis in the Poaceae to be identified. Whether similar genes and enzymes also mediate （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in lower plants and fungi is not yet known. Here, we compare the different fine structures of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucans across the plant kingdom, present current information on the genes that have been implicated recently in their biosynthesis, and consider aspects of the cell biology of （1,3;1,4）-β-D-glucan biosynthesis in the Poaceae.

关键词： Cereals chemical structure glycosidic linkage analysis Poaceae polysaccharide biosynthesis wall deposition.

Maternal Group b Streptococcus Infection Correlates Inversely With Preeclampsia in Pregnant African American Women

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 23-28页

作者： Keun Soo Kwon Tzu Hsuan Cheng Simone A。Reynolds jordan Zhou Huchong Cai Sharon Lee Ivan Velickovic Mudar Dalloul David Wlody Ming Zhang Department of Anesthesiology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics School of Public HealthState University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityNew York 11203USA

Objective:To determine whether an association exists between group b Streptococcus(GbS)colonization and preeclampsia among pregnant black ***:This retrospective cross-sectional study involved black women who gave birth at State University of New York Downstate Hospital between January 2010 and December *** were collected from the Obstetric Department,including delivery date,time,mode of delivery,age of the mother,weeks of gestation at delivery,and antepartum *** GbS test results were originally determined using the eSwab transport *** was defined based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria for the periods 2010–2012 and 2013–*** primary outcome was whether GbS was associated with the outcome of preeclampsia in the population of black ***,including smoking status,gestational age,parity,body mass index,maternal age,and presence of herpes simplex virus(HSV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)were examined as potential ***-squared test and logistic regression model were used,presenting odds ratios with 95%confidence intervals(Pblack women included in this study,GbS-positive women(n=977)had a 53%reduction in the likelihood of being diagnosed with preeclampsia compared to GbS-negative women(adjusted odds ratio,0.47;95%confidence interval,0.32–0.70).We did not find evidence of differences in the distribution of smoking habits(P=0.783)or maternal age(P=0.107)between GbS-positive and GbS-negative ***,the GbS-positive women tended to be less likely to have a preterm delivery(9.62%(94/977)vs.24.24%(1707/7042),Pbe nulliparous(33.37%(326/977)vs.37.87%(2667/7042),P=0.006),and less likely to be obese(51.38%(502/977)vs.55.30%(3894/7042),PbS-negative *** contrast,GbS-positive women were more likely to have a comorbid infecti

关键词： Pregnancy outcome Preeclampsia GbS colonization African American Afro-Caribbean

Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4632-4643页

作者： Ruth M Harvie Alexandra W Chisholm jordan E bisanz Jeremy P burton Peter Herbison Kim Schultz Michael Schultz Department of Medicine Dunedin School of MedicineUniversity of Otago Department of Human Nutrition University of Otago Departments of Surgery and Microbiology&Immunology Western UniversityOntario Department of Preventative and Social Medicine University of Otago

To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IbS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). METHODSParticipants with IbS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IbS SSS (IbS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IbS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis. RESULTSFifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IbS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (P bS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (P biome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IbS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome FODMAP Short chain fermentable carbohydrates Microbiota Diet Microbiome

Finite element analysis and experimental validation of polymer-metal contacts in block-on-ring configuration

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 554-568页

作者： K.Y.Eayal AWWAD Khosro FALLAHNEZHAD b.F.YOUSIF Ahmad MOSTAFA Omar ALAJARMEH A.SHALWAN Xuesen ZENG Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringTafila Technical UniversityTafila 66110Jordan Medical Device Research Institute College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversitySouth Australia 5042Australia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba 4350Australia Department of Manufacturing Engineering Technology Public Authority for Applied Education and TrainingKuwait 13092Kuwait

The wear profile analysis,obtained by different tribometers,is essential to characterise the wear ***,most of the available methods did not take the stress distribution over the wear profile in consideration,which causes inaccurate *** this study,the wear profile of polymer–metal contact,obtained by block-on-ring configuration under dry sliding conditions,was analysed using finite element modelling(FEM)and experimental ***’s wear equation was integrated into a developed FORTRAN-UMESHMOTION code linked with Abaqus software.A varying wear coefficient(k)values covering both running-in and steady state regions,and a range of applied loads involving both mild and severe wear regions were measured and implemented in the *** FEM was in good agreement with the *** model reproduced the stress distribution profiles under variable testing conditions,while their values were affected by the sliding direction and maximum wear depth(hmax).The largest area of the wear profile,exposed to the average contact stresses,is defined as the normal *** the critical zones were characterized by high stress concentrations reaching up to 10 times of that at the normal *** wear profile was mapped to identify the critical zone where the stress concentration is the key point in this *** surface features were examined in different regions using scanning electron microscope(SEM).Ultimately,SEM analysis showed severer damage features in the critical zone than that in the normal zone as proven by ***,the literature data presented and considered the wear features the same at any point of the wear *** this study,the normal zone was determined at a stress value of about 0.5 MPa,whereas the critical zone was at about 5.5 *** wear behaviour of these two zones showed totally different features from one another.

关键词： polymer-to-metal contact block-on-ring wear profile wear model

A novel prognostic prediction tool for postoperative recurrence in patients with stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ colon cancer

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 466-468页

作者： Jian Ma burton b.Yang Department of Urology Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalAffiliated with Qingdao University Medical CollegeYantai 264000ShandongP.R.China Sun-nybrook Research Institute TorontoON M4N 3M5Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoON M4N 3M5Canada

Main text Colon cancer,one of the most common cancers in the world[1]and China[2,3],is typically diagnosed in its advanced ***,only a mediocre 20%-30%of these patients can have curative resection,but still,they are at high risk of recurrent disease[4].Given that recur-rent disease is especially associated with poor outcomes,optimizing the therapeutic strategy is ***-vant chemotherapy,a standard treatment for stage II/III colon cancer,is often accompanied by a significant increase in survival[5,6].Thus,timely adjuvant therapy is primordial for reducing postoperative recurrence *** assess the risk of postoperative recurrence,biomark-ers of greater prognostic essence than traditional clin-icopathology are urgently *** emerging role of circular RNAs(circRNAs),a newly discovered type of regulatory RNAs,has shed light on whether these mol-ecules can serve as biomarkers for predicting the post-operative recurrence of colon *** are characterized by a covalently closed loop that is capa-ble of regulating gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels[7].They can also bind to proteins and thereby regulate the intracellular signaling pathways[8,9].Recent reports have described the roles of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer[10-12],and increasing evidence have demonstrated that circRNAs may serve as molecular biomarkers to facili-tate diagnostic and prognostic evaluations[13].However,the potential of circRNAs for diagnosing and prognosing colon cancer is less clear.

关键词： colon postoperative patients

Targeting circular RNAs as a therapeutic approach: current strategies and challenges

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第6期6卷 1718-1731页

作者： Alina T.He Jinglei Liu Feiya Li burton b.Yang Sunnybrook Research Institute TorontoONCanada Department of bioinformatics ATCGene IncGuangzhouChina Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Significant progress has been made in circular RNA(circRNA)research in recent *** evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes,and their dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various *** are highly stable and usually expressed in a tissue-or cell type-specific ***,they are currently being explored as potential therapeutic ***-of-function and loss-of-function approaches are typically performed using circRNA expression plasmids and RNA interference-based strategies,*** strategies have limitations that can be mitigated using nanoparticle and exosome delivery ***,recent developments show that the cre-lox system can be used to knockdown circRNAs in a cell-specific *** still in the early stages of development,the CRISPR/Cas13 system has shown promise in knocking down circRNAs with high specificity and *** this review,we describe circRNA properties and functions and highlight their significance in *** summarize strategies that can be used to overexpress or knockdown circRNAs as a therapeutic ***,we discuss major challenges and propose future directions for the development of circRNA-based therapeutics.

关键词： therapeutic specificity circular