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Inter-relationships between gastric emptying and glycaemia:Implications for clinical practice

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 447-459页

作者： Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy Marianne Chapman Karen l jones Michael Horowitz Chinmay S Marathe Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology Interventions and OutcomesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia

gastric emptying(gE)exhibits a wide inter-individual variation and is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes;the rise in blood glucose following oral carbohydrate is greater when gE is relatively more rapid and more sustained when glucose tolerance is ***,gE is influenced by the acute glycaemic environment acute hyperglycaemia slows,while acute hypoglycaemia accelerates *** gE(gastroparesis)occurs frequently in diabetes and critical *** diabetes,this poses challenges for management,particularly in hospitalised individuals and/or those using *** critical illness it compromises the delivery of nutrition and increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration with consequent lung dysfunction and ventilator *** advances in knowledge relating to gE,which is now recognised as a major determinant of the magnitude of the rise in blood glucose after a meal in both health and diabetes and,the impact of acute glycaemic environment on the rate of gE have been made and the use of gut-based therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,which may profoundly impact gE,in the management of type 2 diabetes,has become *** necessitates an increased understanding of the complex inter-relationships of gE with glycaemia,its implications in hospitalised patients and the relevance of dysglycaemia and its management,particularly in critical *** approaches to management of gastroparesis to achieve more personalised diabetes care,relevant to clinical practice,is *** studies focusing on the interactions of medications affecting gE and the glycaemic environment in hospitalised patients,are required.

关键词： glycaemia gastric emptying Clinical practice glucagon-like peptide-1

The Pushtashan juvenile suprasubduction zone assemblage of Kurdistan (northeastern Iraq): A Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Neo-Tethys missing.link

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geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1073-1087页

作者： Sabah A.Ismail Sarmad A.Ali Allen P.Nutman Vickie C.Bennett Brain g.jones Department of Applied geology College of Sciences Kirkuk University Kirkuk 36001 Iraq geoQuEST Research Centre School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University ACT 0200 Australia

The Pushtashan suprasubduction zone assemblage of volcanic rocks, gabbros, norites and peridotites occurs in the Zagros suture zone, Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Volcanic rocks are dominant in the assemblage and consist mainly of basalt and basaltic andesite flows with interlayered red shale and limestone horizons. Earlier lavas tend to be MORB-like, whereas later lavas display island arc tholeiite to boninitic geochemical characteristics. Tholeiitic gabbros intrude the norites and display fractionation trends typical of crystallisation under low-pressure conditions, whereas the norites display calc-alkaline traits, suggesting their source included mantle metasomatised by fluids released from subducted oceanic crust. Enrichment of Rb, Ba, Sr, Th and the presence of negative Nb anomalies indicate generation in a suprasubduction zone setting. Trondhjemite and granodiorite intrusions are present in the volcanic rocks, gabbros and norites. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircons from a granodiorite yields a mean^(206)Pb/^(238)U age of 96.0 ±2.0 Ma(Cenomanian). The initial ε_(Hf) value for the zircons show a narrow range from +12.8 to+15.6, with a weighted mean of + 13.90±0.96. This initial value is within error of model depleted mantle at 96 Ma or slightly below that, in the field of arc rocks with minimal contamination by older continental crust. The compositional bimodality of the Pushtashan suprasubduction sequence suggests seafloor spreading during the initiation of subduction, with a lava stratigraphy from earlyerupted MORB transitioning into calc-alkaline lavas and finally by 96 Ma intrusion of granodioritic and trondhjemitic bodies with juvenile crustal isotopic signatures. The results confirm another Cretaceous arc remnant preserved as an allochthon within the Iraqi segment of the Cenozoic Zagros suture zone. Implications for the closure of Neo-Tethys are discussed.

关键词： Pushtashan suprasubduction assemblage Cretaceous Zircon U-Pb dating Hf isotopes Kurdistan region lraq Neo-Terhys

Two Poplar glycosyltransferase genes, PdgATl 1.1 and PdgATl1.2, Are Functional Orthologs to PARVUS/AtgATl 1 in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1040-1050页

作者： Yingzhen Kong gongke Zhou Utku Avci Xiaogang gu Chelsea jones Yanbin Yin Ying Xu Michael g. Hahn Complex Carbohydrate Research Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA BioEnergy Science Center The University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Computational System Biology lab Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics The University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Several genes in Arabidopsis, including PARVUS/AtgATl1, have been implicated in xylan synthesis. However, the biosynthesis of xylan in woody plants, where this polysaccharide is a major component of wood, is poorly understood. Here, we characterize two Populus genes, PdgATl 1.1 and PdgATl 1.2, the closest orthologs to the Arabidopsis PARVUS/gATl1 gene, with respect to their gene expression in poplar, their sub-cellular localization, and their ability to complement the parvus mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the two poplar genes in the parvus mutant rescued most of the defects caused by the parvus mutation, including morphological changes, collapsed xylem, and altered cell wall monosaccharide composition. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that PdgATl1.1 is expressed most strongly in developing xylem of poplar. In contrast, PdgATl1.2 is expressed much more uniformly in leaf, shoot tip, cortex, phloem, and xylem, and the transcript level of PdgATl1.2 is much lower than that of PdgATl 1.1 in all tissues examined. Sub-cellular localization experiments showed that these two proteins are localized to both ER and g.lgi in comparison with marker proteins resident to these sub-cellular compartments. Our data indicate that PdgATlI.1 and PdgATl1.2 are functional orthologs of PARVUS/ gATl1 and can play a role in xylan synthesis, but may also have role（s） in the synthesis of other wall polymers.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana poplar xylan glycosyltransferase.

Affect and prefrontal hemodynamics during exercise under immersive audiovisual stimulation:Improving the experience of exercise for overweight adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第4期8卷 325-338页

作者： leighton jones Panteleimon Ekkekakis Academy of Sport and Physical Activity Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS10 2BPUK Department of Kinesiology Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Objective:Research on methods of improving the affective experience of exercise remains limited,especially for low-active overweight *** investigated the effectiveness of a virtual-reality headset and headphones in improving affective responses over conventionally delivered audiovisual ***:low-active,overweight adults(16 women,5 men;age:34.67±9.62 years;body mass index:28.56±4.95 kg/m^2;peak oxygen uptake for men:29.14±6.56 ml/kg/min,for women:22.67±4.52 ml/kg/min,mean±SD)completed 15-min sessions of recumbent cycling at the ventilatory threshold:(a)high immersion(HI,virtual reality headset and headphones),(b)low immersion(lI,television screen and speakers),and(c)***-exercise pleasure and post-exercise enj oyment were *** of the right dorsolateral pre frontal cortex(dIPFC)was assessed with near infrared ***:Higher pleasure was reported during HI than during.lI and Control(Condition×Time interaction;plow exercise intensity showed higher dIPFC oxygenation during Control,but this difference diminished during.lI and HI(Condition×Time×Preference interaction;p=0.036,ηp^2=0.10).Conclusion:Compared with conventionally delivered audiovisual stimulation,using a virtual-reality headset strengthens the dissociative effect,further improving affective responses to exercise at the ventilatory threshold among overweight,low-active *** by competing with interoceptive afferents at the level of sensory input,audiovisual stimulation may lessen reliance on cognitive efforts to attenuate declining affect,as indicated by lower right dIPFC activity,particularly among participants disinclined toward high exercise intensity.

关键词： Affective valence Enjoyment Immersion Music Video

Human dNK cell function is differentially reg.lated by extrinsic cellular engagement and intrinsic activating receptors in first and second trimester pregnancy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第2期14卷 203-213页

作者： Jianhong Zhang Caroline E Dunk Melissa Kwan Rebecca l jones lynda K Harris Sarah Keating Stephen J lye Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto ON M5T 3H7 Canada Department of Obstetrics & gynaecology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1 L4 Canada Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1L4 Canada Institute of Human Development University of Manchester Manchester M 13 9WL UK St. Mary's Hospital Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9WL UK Department of Pathology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1L4 Canada

Decidual natural killer （dNK） cells express an array of activation receptors to reg.late placental immunity and development during early pregnancy. We investigated the functional character of human dNK cells during the first and second trimester of gestation and the interaction between dNK and trophoblast cells. Although the frequency of CD56＋CD16-dNK among the total CD45＋ leukocytes did not change over this period, the expression of the activating receptors, NKp80 and NKg2D, was greatly upreg.lated. We observed a significantly higher number of extravillous trophoblast cells in proximity to the dNK cells in the first trimester in comparison with the second trimester decidua. NKg2D expression by first trimester dNK cells was decreased when co-cultured with the HTR-8 trophoblast cell line. In the second trimester, functional markers of dNK activation, i.e., angiogenic factor production （e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-8, interferon-gamma）, remained stable despite an increase in NKp80 or NKg2D surface expression. Furthermore, the degranulation capacity of dNK cells, as assessed by CD107a, was decreased in the second trimester. We suggest that in the first trimester, trophoblast-dNK interactions generate a population of dNK cells with a suppressed activating phenotype. In the second trimester, the loss of trophoblast-dNK interactions led to the inhibition of dNK cell function, although their activating receptor expression was increased. We speculate that during pregnancy, two mechanisms operate to modulate the dNK cell activation：suppression of activating receptor levels in the first trimester by trophoblasts and disengagement of receptor-ligand coupling in the second trimester.

关键词： decidual NK cells IFN-gamma NKg2D NKp80 pregnancy

Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity in germinating Wheat Seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第6期52卷 556-567页

作者： Hua Zhang Zhu-Qin Tan lan-Ying Hu Song-Hua Wang Jian-Ping.luo Russell l. jones School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA life Science College Anhui Science and Technology University Bengbu 233100 China

Protective role of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） on seed germination and seedling growth was studied in wheat （Triticum） seeds subjected to aluminum （Al3＋） stress. We show that germination and seedling growth of wheat is inhibited by high concentrations of AICI3. At 30 mmol/l AICI3 germination is reduced by about 50% and seedling growth is more dramatically inhibited by this treatment. Pre-incubation of wheat seeds in the H2S donor NaHS alleviates AICI3-induced stress in a dose-dependant manner at an optimal concentration of 0.3 mmol/l. We verified that the role of NaHS in alleviating Al3＋ stress could be attributed to H2S/HS- by showing that the level of endogenous H2S increased following NaHS treatment. Furthermore, other sodium salts containing sulfur were ineffective in alleviating Al3＋ stress. NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and esterases and sustained much lower levels of MDA and H2O2 in germinating seeds under Al3＋ stress. Moreover, NaHS pretreatment increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and decreased that of lipoxygenase. NaHS pretreatment also decreased the uptake of Al3＋ in AICI3-treated seed. Taken together these results suggest that H2S could increase antioxidant capability in wheat seeds leading to the alleviation of Al3＋ stress.

关键词： Sowing Seed Seeds Wheats Artificial insemination

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governing by virtue

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Severe acute pancreatitis： pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical management

作者： (author..1951-)jones Norman l.

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 155-159页

作者： Mark Portelli Christopher David jones Department of general Surgery University Hospital Ayr Ayr KA6 6DX UK

BACKgROUND： Severe acute pancreatitis is a subtype of acute pancreatitis, associated with multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In this qualitative review we looked at the principles of pathogenesis, classification and surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis. We also looked at the current shift in paradigm in the management of severe acute pancreatitis since the guideline developed by the British Society of *** SOURCES： Studies published between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2015 were identified with Pub Med, MEDlINE, EMBASE and google Scholar online search engines using the following Medical Subject Headings： “acute pancreatitis, necrosis, mortality, pathogenesis, incidence” and the terms “open necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy”.The National Institute of Clinical Excellence（NICE） guidelines were also included in our study. Inclusion criteria for our clinical review included established guidelines, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials with a follow-up duration of more than 6 ***： The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis within the UK is significantly rising and pathogenetic theories are still controversial. In developed countries, the most common cause is biliary calculi. The British Society of gastroenterology,acknowledges the Revised Atlanta criteria for prediction of severity. A newer Determinant-based system has been *** principle of surgical management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis requires intensive care management, identifying infection and if indicated, debridement of any infected necrotic area. The current procedures opted for include standard surgical open necrosectomy, endoscopic necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy. The current paradigm is shifting towards a step-up ***： Severe acute pancreatitis is still a subject of grey areas in its surgical management even though new studies have been recorde

关键词： severe acute pancreatitis acute pancreatitis necrosis mortality pathogenesis incidence open necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy