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The evolution of coal, examining the transitions from anthracite to natural graphite: a spectroscopy and optical microscopy evaluation

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第1期17卷 87-99页

作者： Liang YUAN Qinfu LIU Kuo LI Ying QUAN Xiaoguang LI jonathan p.MATHEWS School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China The EMS Energy Institute and the Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral EngineeringPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park PA 16802USA

Coal-derived natural graphite(CDNG)has multiple industrial ***,ten metamorphic coals from anthracite to CDNG were obtained from Lutang and Xinhua in the Hunan province and panshi in the Jilin *** characterization(proximate and ultimate analyses,X-Ray powder diffraction(XRD),and powder Raman spectroscopy),along with optical microscopy,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and micro-Raman spectroscopy were utilized to examine the transitions from anthracite to semi-graphite to *** XRD and Raman spectroscopy data indicate that from anthracite to highly ordered graphite the average crystal diameter(La)and height(Lc)increased from 6.1 and 4.6 nm to 34.8 and 27.5 nm,*** crystalline parameters of the CDNG samples from panshi and Lutang varied slightly when closer to the intrusive *** microscopy and SEM indicated that in the anthracite samples there were thermoplastic vitrinite,devolatilized vitrinite,and some“normal”*** the meta-anthracite,pyrolytic carbon,mosaic structure,and crystalline tar were *** the CDNG there were flake graphite,crystalline aggregates,and matrix *** crystalline aggregates show the highest structural ordering degree as determined from Raman spectral parameters(full-width at half maxima(G-FWHM)~20 cm^(−1),D1/(D1+D2+G)area ratio(R2)valuephite is less ordered with G-FWHM~28 cm^(−1) and 0.5p to 50μm).The mosaic structures were likely the precursors of the matrix graphite through in situ solid-state *** pyrolytic carbon and crystalline tars are the transient phase of gas-state and liquid-state *** study is beneficial to realize the rational utilization of CDNG.

关键词： micro-Raman spectroscopy structural ordering evolution coal-derived natural graphite XRD anthracite

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Experimental investigations of a full model with adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第7期34卷 211-218页

作者： jonathan pFLU GER Christian BREITSAMTER Chair of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Technical University of MunichGarching 85748Germany

The morphing wing concept aims to constantly adapt the aerodynamics to different flight *** wing is able to adapt to different flight conditions by an adjustable Aspect Ratio(AR)and sweep.A high AR configuration provides high aerodynamic efficiency,while a low AR configuration,with highly swept wings offers a good ***,the flexible membrane allows the wing surface to stretch and contract in-plane as well as the airfoil to adapt to different aerodynamic *** the context of this work,the aerodynamic characteristics of a full model with form-adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings are investigated *** focus is on the high-lift regime and on the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients as well as their ***,the lateral aerodynamic derivatives at asymmetric wing positions are of interest.

关键词： Experimental aerodynamics Flexible wing surface Force and moment measurements Morphing wing particle image velocimetry

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Gust response of an elasto-flexible morphing wing using fluid–structure interaction simulations

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 45-57页

作者： jonathan pFLÜGER Christian BREITSAMTER Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of MunichGarching 85748Germany

Small and micro unmanned aircraft are the focus of scientific interest due to their wide range of *** often operate in a highly unstable flight environment where the application of new morphing wing technologies offers the opportunity to improve flight *** investigated concept comprises port and starboard adjustable wings,and an adaptive elastoflexible membrane serves as the lifting *** focus is on the benefits of the deforming membrane during the impact of a one-minus-cosine type *** a low Reynolds number of Re=264000,the morphing wing model is investigated numerically by unsteady fluid-structure interaction ***,the numerical results are validated by experimental data from force and moment,flow field,and deformation ***,with the rigid wing as the baseline,the flexible case is investigated,focusing on the advantages of the elastic *** all configurations studied,the maximum amplitude of the lift coefficient under gust load shows good agreement between the experimental and numerical *** the decay of the gust,they differ more the higher the aspect ratio of the *** considering the flow field,the main differences are due to the separation behavior on the upper side of the *** flow reattaches earlier in the experiments than in the simulations,which explains the higher lift values observed in the *** at one intermediate configuration does the lift amplitude of the rigid configuration exceeds that of the flexible by about 12%,with the elastic membrane resulting in a smaller and more uniform peak load,which is also evident in the wing loading and hence in the root bending moment.

关键词： Membrane wing Morphing wing Flexible wing surface Computational fluid dynam-ics Fluid-structure interaction Unsteady inflow condition Gust response

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Biomedical engineering and erectile restoration:design considerations for urologic prosthetics

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 15-19页

作者： jonathan J Lund prosthetic Urology Research and Development Boston ScientificMinnetonkaMN 55343USA

For patients with moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction,implantable penile prostheses continue to be a viable *** device developers apply design controls during the development cycle to ensure that a product performs as intended in the final use *** process relies heavily on the principles of systems engineering and documents every facet of performance,unmet need,and *** better understand design philosophy,it is important to frame benchmarked performance outcomes in the context of the ideal *** consideration of erectile anatomy and physiology,including flaccid state,transitional phases,and full tumescence,informs penile prosthesis design philosophy and provides the foundation for product advancement.

关键词： design controls engineering fluid dynamics inflatable penile prosthesis systems engineering

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Formation of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing an interfacial layer of hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous TiO_2 film

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第6期54卷 930-935页

作者： HALpERT jonathan E State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hierarchically ordered macro-mesoporous TiO2 films (Ti-Ma-Me) were fabricated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates through the confinement self-assembly method. The prepared Ti-Ma-Me possesses periodically ordered structure and a large specific surface area, which was applied as an interfacial layer between the nanocrystalline TiO2 film (p25-TiO2) and FTO electrode in the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The introduction of a Ti-Ma-Me interfacial layer increased the shortcircuit current density (Jsc) from 7.49 to 10.65 mA/cm2 and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.65 to 0.70 V as the result of its improved light harvesting efficiency by allowing for the high roughness factor and enhanced multiple internal reflection or scattering as well as reducing the back-transport reaction by blocking direct contact between the electrolyte and FTO electrode. Therefore, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) was improved by 83% from 3.04% to 5.55%, as compared to a device using a bare p25 TiO2 photoanode.

关键词： dye-sensitized solar cells hierarchical ordered macro-mesoporous photoanode

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