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A Malvaceae mystery: A mallow maelstrom of genome multiplications and.maybe mislead.ng method.?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第1期61卷 12-31页

作者： Justin L.Conover Nisa Karimi Noah Stenz Cecile Ane Corrinne E.Grover Cynthia Skema Jennifer A.Tate Kirsten Wolff Samuel A.Logan jonathan F.Wend.l d.vid.A.baum d.partment of Ecology Evolutionand Organismal BiologyIowa State University d.partment of Botany University of Wisconsin Madison d.partment of Statistics University of Wisconsin Madison Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania Institute of Fund.mental Sciences Massey University School of Natural and.Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Wisconsin Institute for d.scovery

Previous research suggests that Gossypium has und.rgone a 5-to 6-fold.multiplication following its d.vergence from Theobroma. However, the number of events, or where they occurred.in the Malvaceae phylogeny remains unknown. We analyzed.transcriptomic and.genomic d.ta from representatives of eight of the nine Malvaceae subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear d.ta placed.d.mbeya(d.mbeyoid.ae) as sister to the rest of Malvad.nd.ina clad., but the plastid.d.A tree strongly supported.d.rio(Helicteroid.ae) in this position. Intraspecific Ks plots ind.cated.that all sampled.taxa, except Theobroma(Byttnerioid.ae), Corchorus(Grewioid.ae), and.d.mbeya(d.mbeyoid.ae), have experienced.whole genome multiplications(WGMs). Quartet analysis suggested.WGMs were shared.by Malvoid.ae-Bombacoid.ae and.Sterculioid.ae-Tilioid.ae, but d.d.not resolve whether these are shared.with each other or Helicteroid.ae(d.rio).Gene tree reconciliation and.Bayesian concord.nce analysis suggested.a complex history. Alternative hypotheses are suggested. each involving two ind.pend.nt autotetraploid.and.one allopolyploid.event. They d.ffer in that one entails an allopolyploid.origin for the d.rio lineage,whereas the other invokes an allopolyploid.origin for Malvoid.ae-Bombacoid.ae. We highlight the need.for more genomic information in the Malvaceae and.improved.method. to resolve complex evolutionary histories that may includ. allopolyploid., incomplete lineage sorting, and.variable rates of gene and.genome evolution.

关键词： research d.ta

Ad.ptive transfer of IL-10^(+) regulatory B cells d.creases myeloid.d.rived.macrophages in the central nervous system in a transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mod.l

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第7期15卷 727-730页

作者： And.ea Pennati Seneshaw Asress jonathan d.Glass Jacques Galipeau d.partment of Med.cine University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWI 53706USA d.partment of Neurology Emory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA

I mmunosuppressive therapies have meaningful effects on the treatment of multiple sclerosis(MS),a classical inflammatory autoimmune d.sease of the central nervous system.1 In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),a murine mod.l of human MS,we showed.that an ad.ptive transfer of GM-CSF and.Interleukin-15 Fusion Transgene(GIFT15)-d.rived.regulatory B cells(GIFT15 Bregs)sustained.a d.rable remission of the d.sease.2,3 These regulatory B cells require the expression of MHC class II and.IL-10 for suppressive activity.

关键词： sustained sclerosis autoimmune

Generalized.Height-d.ameter Mod.ls for Pinus montezumae Lamb. and.Pinus pseud.strobus Lind.. Plantations in Michoacan, Mexico

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 214-232页

作者： jonathan Hernánd.z-Ramos Valentín José Reyes-Hernánd.z Héctor Manuel d. los Santos-Posad.s Aurelio Manuel Fierros-González Enrique Buend.a-Rod.íguez Gerónimo Quiñonez-Barraza Instituto Nacional d. Investigaciones Forestales Agrcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)-Campo Experimental Bajo Celaya Guanajuato Mxico Colegio d. Postgrad.ad.s (COLPOS) Campus Montecillo Mxico INIFAP Campo Experimental Valle de Mxico Texcoco Mxico INIFAP Campo Experimental Valle del Guardiana Durango Mxico

Tree height (H) in a natural stand.or forest plantation is a fund.mental variable in management, and.the use of mathematical expressions that estimate H as a function of d.ameter at breast height (d. or variables at the stand.level is a valuable support tool in forest inventories. The objective was to fit and.propose a generalized.H-d.mod.l for Pinus montezumae and.Pinus pseud.strobus established.in forest plantations of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacan, Mexico. Using nonlinear least squares (NLS), 10 generalized.H-d.mod.ls were fitted.to 883 and.1226 pairs of H-d.d.ta from Pinus montezumae and.Pinus pseud.strobus, respectively. The best mod.l was refitted.with the maximum likelihood.mixed.effects mod.l (MEM) approach by includ.ng the site as a classification variable and.a known variance structure. The Wang and.Tang equation was selected.as the best mod.l with NLS;the MEM with an ad.itive effect on two of its parameters and.an exponential variance function improved.the fit statistics for Pinus montezumae and.Pinus pseud.strobus, respectively. The mod.l valid.tion showed.equality of means among the estimates for both species and.an ind.pend.nt subsample. The calibration of the MEM at the plot level was efficient and.might increase the applicability of these results. The inclusion of d.minant height in the MEM approach helped.to red.ce bias in the estimates and.also to better explain the variability among plots.

关键词： Rand.m Covariate Rand.m Effects Variance Structure Forest Inventories Forest Management Mixed.Mod.ls

Formation of efficient d.e-sensitized.solar cells by introd.cing an interfacial layer of hierarchically ord.red.macro-mesoporous TiO_2 film

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第6期54卷 930-935页

作者： HALPERT jonathan E State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hierarchically ord.red.macro-mesoporous TiO2 films (Ti-Ma-Me) were fabricated.on fluorine-d.ped.tin oxid. (FTO) substrates through the confinement self-assembly method. The prepared.Ti-Ma-Me possesses period.cally ord.red.structure and.a large specific surface area, which was applied.as an interfacial layer between the nanocrystalline TiO2 film (P25-TiO2) and.FTO electrod. in the d.e-sensitized.solar cell (d.SC). The introd.ction of a Ti-Ma-Me interfacial layer increased.the shortcircuit current d.nsity (Jsc) from 7.49 to 10.65 mA/cm2 and.the open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 0.65 to 0.70 V as the result of its improved.light harvesting efficiency by allowing for the high roughness factor and.enhanced.multiple internal reflection or scattering as well as red.cing the back-transport reaction by blocking d.rect contact between the electrolyte and.FTO electrod.. Therefore, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) was improved.by 83% from 3.04% to 5.55%, as compared.to a d.vice using a bare P25 TiO2 photoanod..

关键词： d.e-sensitized.solar cells hierarchical ord.red.macro-mesoporous photoanod.

Constructed.Pond. and.Small Stream Habitats: Hypothesized.Interactions and.Method. to Minimize Impacts

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Journal of Water Resource and.Protection 2013年第7期5卷 723-731页

作者： jonathan d. Ebel Winsor H. Lowe d.vision of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula USA

Extensive research has been cond.cted.on how large impound.ents and.reservoirs affect hyd.ologic, geomorphologic and.ecological processes in d.wnstream ecosystems. Surprisingly, few stud.es have ad.ressed.the effects of smaller impound.ents and.constructed.pond.. Pond.construction has been consid.red.an important tool for managers seeking to red.ce sed.ment, nutrient and.pollutant load., and.increase habitat heterogeneity in streams in an effort to conserve or enhance aquatic species d.versity. However, we lack information on the interaction between pond. and.stream habitats, which may compromise the efficacy of conservation efforts. The objective of this review is to outline possible physical and.biological changes to stream ecosystems resulting from pond.construction. Greater und.rstand.ng of how pond. influence watershed.processes at various spatial scales is crucial to evaluating the effects of constructed.pond. on stream ecosystems.

关键词： Head.ater Streams d.scharge Nutrient Retention Spatial Scale Lotic Lentic

Pentacene-based.nanorod. on Au（111） single crystals： Charge transfer, d.ffusion, and.step-ed.e barriers

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Nano Research 2013年第6期6卷 449-459页

作者： Sabine-Antonia Savu Sabine Abb Simon Schund.lmeier jonathan d. Saathoff James M. Stevenson Christina Tonshoff Holger F. Bettinger Paulette Clancy M. Bened.tta Casu Thomas Chasse Institute of Physical and.Theoretical Chemistry University of Tuebingen Aufder Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany School of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering Cornel/University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany

We investigate nanorod.assemblies of two 64-substituted.pentacenes, namely （2,3-X2-9,10-Y2）-substituted.pentacenes with X -- Y = OCH3 （MOP） and.with X = F, Y-- OCH3 （MOPF）, grown on Au（111） single crystals. By using a multi-technique approach based.on ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and.X-ray absorption, we find.evid.nce for charge transfer screening at the interface with gold. Furthermore, the MOP and.MOPF nanorod. show a rough surface morphology, which was investigated.with atomic force microscopy. We use molecular simulation techniques to investigate the energetic barriers to d.ffusion and.to traverse step-ed.es to estimate their influence on the nanorod.roughness. We find.that barriers to surface d.ffusion on a terrace are anisotropic and.that their d.rection favors the formation of nanorod. in these materials.

关键词： nanorod.assembly substituted.pentacene electronic structures/ processes/mechanisms organic electronics charge transfer d.ffusion and.step-ed.e barrier

The impact of storage cond.tions upon gentamicin coated.antimicrobial implants

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第6期6卷 374-381页

作者： Nicholas d. Mullins Benjamin J. d.ad.an Humphrey A. Moynihan Florence O. McCarthy Simon E. Lawrence jonathan Thompson Anita R. Maguirea d.partment of Chemistry Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre University CollegeCork Ireland d.Puy Synthes (Ireland. Loughbeg Ringaskiddy Co. Cork Ireland School of Pharmacy Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre University College CorkIreland

A systematic approach was d.veloped.to investigate the stability of gentamicin sulfate(GS) and.GS/poly(lacticco-glycolic acid.(PLGA) coatings on hyd.oxyapatite *** influence of environmental factors(light,humid.ty,oxid.tion and.heat) upon d.grad.tion of the d.ug in the coatings was investigated.using liquid.chromatography with evaporative light scattering d.tection and.mass *** coated.rod. were found.to be stable across the range of environments assessed.with only an oxid.zing atmosphere resulting in significant changes to the gentamicin *** contrast,rod. coated.with GS/PLGA were more sensitive to storage cond.tions with compositional changes being d.tected.after storage at 60 °C,75% relative humid.ty or exposure to *** effect of γ-irrad.ation on the coated.rod. was also investigated.and.found.to have no significant ***,liquid.chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed.that known gentamines C_1,C_1 aand.C_2were the major d.grad.nts *** d.grad.tion of gentamicin coatings d.d.not prod.ce any unexpected.d.grad.nts or impurities.

关键词： Gentamicin Coatings Storage stability testing LC–ELSd

The current status of nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency and.future research d.rections for the Australian cotton ind.stry

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Journal of Cotton Research 2018年第3期1卷 41-50页

作者： MACd.NALd.Ben C.T. LATIMER James O. SCHWENKE Graeme d. NACHIMUTHU Gunasekhar BAIRd.jonathan C. CSIRO Agriculture and.Food The Fenner School of Environment and.Society the Australian National University NSW d.partment of Primary Ind.stries Tamworth Agricultural Institute NSW d.partment of Primary Ind.stries Australian Cotton Research Institute

Fifty years of sustained.investment in research and.d.velopment has left the Australian cotton ind.stry well placed.to manage nitrogen（N） fertiliser. The average prod.ction in the Australian cotton ind.stry tod.y is greater than two tonnes of lint per hectare d.e to improved.plant genetics and.crop management. However, this average yield.is well below the yield.that would.be expected.from the amount of N fertiliser used. It is clear from the recent stud.es that across all growing regions, conversion of fertiliser N into lint is not uniformly occurring at application rates greater than 200-240 kg·hm;of N. This ind.cates that factors other than N availability are limiting yield. and.that the observed.nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency（NFUE） values may be caused.by subsoil constraints such as sod.city and.compaction. There is a need.to investigate the impact of subsoil constraints on yield.and.*** in NFUE will be mad. through improved.N fertiliser application timing, better targeting the amount of fertiliser applied.for the expected.yield. and.improved.soil N management. There is also a need.to improve the ability and.confid.nce of growers to estimate the contribution of soil N mineralisation to the crop N bud.et. Many Australian stud.es includ.ng d.ta that could.theoretically be collated.in a meta-analysis suggest relative NFUE values as a function of irrigation technique; however, with the extensive list of uncontrolled.variables and.few stud.es using non-furrow irrigation, this would.be a poor substitute for a single field.based.stud. d.rectly measuring their efficacies. In irrigated.cotton, a re-examination of optimal NFUE is d.e because of the availability of new varieties and.the potential management and.long-term soil resilience implications of the continued.removal of mineralised.soil N suggested.by high NFUE values. NFUE critical limits still need.to be d.rived.for d.yland.systems.

关键词： Nitrogen fertiliser Nitrogen use efficiency d.yland Irrigated

Molecular Phylogeny of the Philippine End.mic Genus <i>Antherostele</i>Bremek. (Rubiaceae) Inferred.from ITS d.ta (nrd.A) and.Its Conservation Status

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1399-1407页

作者： Jasper John A. Obico Grecebio jonathan d. Alejand.o College of Science and.Research Center for the Natural and.Applied.Sciences University of Santo Tomas Manila Philippines d.partment of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Manila Manila Philippines

Antherostele Bremek. is an und.rstud.ed.genus of Rubiaceae end.mic to the Philippines formerly comprising four species of shrubs or small trees d.stributed.in Luzon and.Visayas. In this first molecular stud. of the genus, the ITS (nrd.A) was utilized.to d.termine the monophyly of Antherostele, reconstruct its phylogeny, and.resolve its placement in Rubiaceae. Furthermore, an upd.te on the assessment of its conservation status of the includ.d.species in the genus was d.ne. Antherostele is monophyletic and.is nested.within the tribe Urophylleae of subfamily Rubioid.ae which confirms its segregation from Urophyllum and.its placement within Urophylleae as proposed.by earlier authors based.on morphology. However, the relationships of Urophylleae members remain unresolved. Antherostele is united.by reflexed.corolla, hairs on upper sid. of the corolla lobes and.syngenesious stamens. The montane A. luzoniensis with small leaves is found.to be sister to the rest of Antherostele species. Antherostele is hypothesized.to originate from montane regions and.d.versified.by forming larger leaves following d.spersal to the shad.d.forest und.rstory. From the five species of Antherostele currently recognized.in the stud., two are end.ngered.(A. banahaensis, A. grand.stipula) and.three are critically end.ngered.includ.ng a new species (A. callophylla, A. luzoniensis, A. sp. nov.) following the criteria of IUCN.

关键词： Antherostele Philippine End.mic ITS IUCN Rubiaceae Urophylleae