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Potential of a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract to reduce Salmonella shedding and improve gastrointestinal health in weaned pigs naturally infected with Salmonella

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1193-1208页

作者： Brigkita venardou john vO’Doherty Shane Maher Marion TRyan vivian Gath Rajeev Ravindran Claire Kiely Gaurav Rajauria Marco Garcia-vaquero Torres Sweeney School of veterinary Medicine University College DublinBelfield Dublin 4Ireland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfield Dublin 4Ireland.

Background:Dietary supplementation with a fucoidan-rich Ascophyllum nodosum extract(ANE),possessing an in vitro anti-Salmonella Typhimurium activity could be a promising on-farm strategy to control Salmonella infection in *** objectives of this study were to:1)evaluate the *** activity of ANE(containing 46.6%fucoidan,18.6%laminarin,10.7%mannitol,4.6%alginate)in vitro,and;2)compare the effects of dietary supplementation with ANE and Zinc oxide(ZnO)on growth performance,Salmonella shedding and selected gut parameters in naturally infected *** was established post-weaning(newly weaned pig experiment)and following regrouping of post-weaned pigs and experimental re-infection with ***(challenge experiment).Results:In the in vitro assay,increasing ANE concentrations led to a linear reduction in *** counts(Pvious experiment that remained on their original dietary treatments(control and high ANE groups with the latter being renamed to ANE group)apart from the ZnO group which transitioned onto a control diet on d 21(ZnO-residual group).These dietary treatments had no effect on performance,faecal scores,Salmonella shedding or colonic and caecal Salmonella counts(P>0.05).ANE supplementation decreased the Enterobacteriaceae counts compared to the *** counts were also reduced in the ZnO-residual group compared to the control(P<0.05).ANE supplementation decreased the expression of interleukin 22 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in the ileum compared to the control(P<0.05).Conclusions:ANE supplementation was associated with some beneficial changes in the composition of the colonic microbiota,Salmonella sh

关键词： Ascophyllum nodosum Gastrointestinal microbiota Inflammation Pig Salmonella Seaweed extract Zinc oxide

Impact of a national basic skills in colonoscopy course on trainee performance: An interrupted time series analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3283-3292页

作者： Keith Siau James Hodson john T Anderson Roland valori Geoff smith Paul Hagan Marietta Iacucci Paul Dunckley Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Royal College of PhysiciansLondon NW14LEUnited Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Institute of Translational Medicine University Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Gloucestershire Hospitals NHSFTCheltenham GL537ANUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Imperial College NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW14LEUnited Kingdom Endoscopy Department Derby Royal HospitalDerby GL13NNUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy basic skills in colonoscopy(BSC) course was introduced in 2009 to improve colonoscopy training within the United Kingdom, but its impact on trainee performance is *** To assess whether attendance of the BSC could improve colonoscopy *** Trainees awarded colonoscopy certification between 2011-2016 were stratified into 3 groups according to pre-course procedure count( 140).Study outcomes, comprising the unassisted caecal intubation rate(CIR) and the performance indicator of colonic intubation(PICI), were studied over the 50 procedures pre and post-course. Interrupted time series analyses were performed to detect step-change changes attributable to the *** A total of 369 trainees with pre-course procedure counts of 140(n = 130) were included. Over the 50 pre-course procedures,significant linear improvements in CIR were found, with average increases of 4.2,3.6 and 1.7 percentage points(pp) per 10 procedures performed in the 140 groups respectively(all P vement in CIR, increasing from 46% in the last pre-course procedure, to 51% in the first procedure post-course(P = 0.005). The CIR step-change was not significant in the 70-140(68% to 71%;P = 0.239) or > 140(86% to 87%;P = 0.354) groups. For PICI, significant step-change improvements were seen in all three groups, with average increases of 5.6 pp(P vement in PICI, regardless of prior procedural experience. However, CIR data suggest that the optimal timing of course attendance appears to be at earlier stages of training(< 70 procedures).

关键词： Colonoscopy Training Course Competency development Skills Endoscopy

Influence of Multi-pass Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Die Cast AI-7Si-3Cu Aluminum Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第5期29卷 431-440页

作者： L.john Baruch R.Raju v.Balasubramanian A.G.Rao I.Dinaharan Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology and ScienceMadanapalleAndhra Pradesh 517325India Department of Industrial Engineering College of EngineeringAnna UniversityChennaiTamil Nadu 600025India Department of Manufacturing Engineering Centre for Materials Joining and Research(CEMAJOR)Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai NagarChidambaramTamil Nadu608002India Marine Materials Division Naval Materials Research LaboratoryThaneMaharashtra 421506India Department of Mechanical Engineering Science University of JohannesburgAuckland Park Kingsway CampusJohannesburg 2006South Africa

The influence of overlap multi-pass friction stir processing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties, in particular, strength, ductility and hardness of die cast A1-7Si-3Cu aluminum alloy was investigated. It was observed that increase in the number of overlap passes friction stir processing resulted in significant refinement and redistribution of aluminum silicon eutectic phase and elimination of casting porosities. The microstructural refinement by the friction stir processing not only increases the ultimate tensile strength from 121 to 273 MPa, but also increases the ductility as observed by the increase in fracture strain from 1.8% to 10%. Analysis of the fractured surface reveals that the microstructural refinement obtained by friction stir processing plays a vital role in transforming the fracture mode from completely mixed mode to the ductile mode of the fracture with increasing number of passes. The change in the size, shape, morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon particles and elimination of the porosities are the main reasons for the increases in tensile strength and ductility due to friction stir processing.

关键词： Friction stir processing Overlap multi-pass Microstructure Mechanical properties

Oxylipin Pathway in Rice and Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第1期49卷 43-51页

作者： E. Wassim Chehab john v. Perea Banu Gopalan Steve Theg Katayoon Dehesh Section of Plant Biology University of California-Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Plants have evolved complex signaling pathways to coordinate responses to developmental and environmental Information. The oxylipin pathway Is one pivotal lipid-based signaling network, composed of several competing branch pathways, that determines the plant＇s ability to adapt to various stimuli. Activation of the oxyllpln pathway Induces the de novo synthesis of biologically active metabolltes called ＂oxyllplns＂. The relative levels of these metabolltes are a distinct indicator of each plant species and determine the ability of plants to adapt to different stimuli. The two major branches of the oxyllpln pathway, allene oxide synthase （AOS） and hydroperoxlde lyase （HPL） are responsible for production of the signaling compounds, jasmonates and aldehydes respectively. Here, we compare and contrast the regulation of AOS and HPL branch pathways In rice and Arabidopsis as model monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous systems. These analyses provide new Insights Into the evolution of JAs and aldehydes signaling pathways, and the complex network of processes responsible for stress adaptations In monocots and dicots.

关键词： aldehydes allene oxide synthase Arabidopsis hydroperoxide lyase jasmonates oxylipin pathway rice

Silicon-integrated nonlinear Ⅲ-Ⅴ photonics

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 535-541页

作者： Weiqiang Xie Chao Xiang Lin Chang Warren Jin Jonathan Peters john E.Bowers Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Current address:Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Mainstream silicon photonic integrated circuits are based on compact and low-loss silicon-on-insulator(SOI)waveguide platforms. However, monolithic SOI-based photonics provides only a limited number of functional device types. Here, to extend the on-chip capabilities, we propose a general heterogeneous integration approach to embed highly nonlinear Ⅲ-Ⅴ(Al Ga As) photonics into the SOI platform. We develop low-loss AlGaAs-on-SOI photonic circuits with integrated Si waveguides and showcase sub-milliwatt-threshold(-25 mW) Kerr frequency comb generation in ultrahigh-QAlGaAs microrings(Q over 10^(6)) at the telecom bands. Our demonstration complements existing mature Si photonics technology with efficient nonlinear functionalities provided by Ⅲ-Ⅴ and propels conventional Si photonics into emerging nonlinear photonic applications towards fully chip-based nonlinear engines.

关键词： SOI AlGaAs waveguide

Accelerating material design with the generative toolkit for scientific discovery

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1649-1654页

作者： Matteo Manica Jannis Born Joris Cadow Dimitrios Christofidellis Ashish Dave Dean Clarke Yves Gaetan Nana Teukam Giorgio Giannone Samuel C.Hoffman Matthew Buchan vijil Chenthamarakshan Timothy Donovan Hsiang Han Hsu Federico Zipoli Oliver Schilter Akihiro Kishimoto Lisa Hamada Inkit Padhi Karl Wehden Lauren McHugh Alexy Khrabrov Payel Das Seiji Takeda john R.smith IBM Research Europe-Zurich RüschlikonSwitzerland IBM Research-UK HursleyUK IBM Research-Yorktown Heights New YorkUSA IBM Research-Tokyo TokyoJapan IBM Research-Almaden San JoseUSA

With the growing availability of data within various scientific domains,generative models hold enormous potential to accelerate scientific *** harness powerful representations learned from datasets to speed up the formulation of novel hypotheses with the potential to impact material discovery *** present the Generative Toolkit for Scientific Discovery(GT4SD).This extensible open-source library enables scientists,developers,and researchers to train and use state-of-the-art generative models to accelerate scientific discovery focused on organic material design.

关键词： enable scientific formulation

A matched-pair analysis of laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: oncological outcomes using Leeds Pathology Protocol

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2014年第4期13卷 435-441页

作者： Abdul R Hakeem Caroline S verbeke Alison Cairns Amer Aldouri Andrew M smith Krishna v Menon Department of HPB and Transplant Surgery St James's University Hospital NHS TrustLeeds Teaching Hospitals Beckett street Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom Division of Pathology Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Histopathology St James's University Hospital NHS TrustLeeds Teaching Hospitals Beckett street Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom

BACKGROUND： Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy（LPD）is a safe procedure. Oncological safety of LPD is still a matter for debate. This study aimed to compare the oncological outcomes,in terms of adequacy of resection and recurrence rate following LPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy（OPD）.METHODS： Between November 2005 and April 2009, 12LPDs（9 ampullary and 3 distal common bile duct tumors）were performed. A cohort of 12 OPDs were matched for age,gender, body mass index（BMI） and American Society of Anesthesiologists（ASA） score and tumor ***： Mean tumor size LPD vs OPD（19.8 vs 19.2 mm,P=0.870）. R0 resection was achieved in 9 LPD vs 8 OPD（P=1.000）. The mean number of metastatic lymph nodes and total number resected for LPD vs OPD were 1.1 vs 2.1（P=0.140）and 20.7 vs 18.5（P=0.534） respectively. Clavien complications grade I/II（5 vs 8）, III/Iv（2 vs 6） and pancreatic leak（2 vs 1）were statistically not significant（LPD vs OPD）. The mean high dependency unit（HDU） stay was longer in OPD（3.7 vs 1.4 days,P〈0.001）. There were 2 recurrences each in LPD and OPD（logrank,P=0.983）. Overall mortality for LPD vs OPD was 3 vs 6（log-rank, P=0.283） and recurrence-related mortality was 2 vs *** was one death within 30 days in the OPD group secondary to severe sepsis and none in the LPD ***： Compared to open procedure, LPD achieved a similar rate of R0 resection, lymph node harvest and longterm recurrence for tumors less than 2 cm. Though technically challenging, LPD is safe and does not compromise oncological outcome.

关键词： pancreaticoduodenectomy minimally invasive laparoscopic open oncological outcomes resection margins pathology

Prospects for Tin-Containing Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第2期1卷 69-82页

作者： Shuaifeng Hu Joel A.smith Henry J.Snaith Atsushi Wakamiya the Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science of Kyoto University in Japan the Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUK the Institute for Chemical Research of Kyoto University in Japan

Tin-containing metal halide perovskites have enormous potential as photovoltaics,both in narrow band gap mixed tin−lead materials for all-perovskite tandems and for lead-free *** introduction of Sn(II),however,has significant effects on the solution chemistry,crystallization,defect states,and other material properties in halide *** this perspective,we summarize the main hurdles for tin-containing perovskites and highlight successful attempts made by the community to overcome *** discuss important research directions for the development of these materials and propose some approaches to achieve a unified understanding of Sn *** particularly focus on the discussion of charge carrier dynamics and nonradiative losses at the interfaces between perovskite and charge extraction layers in p-i-n *** hope these insights will aid the community to accelerate the development of high-performance,stable single-junction tincontaining perovskite solar cells and all-perovskite tandems.

关键词： solar cell perovskite tin crystallization surface chemistry defect passivation carrier dynamic

Inclusion of forestry offsets in emission trading schemes:insights from global experts

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 279-287页

作者： Anil Shrestha Sarah Eshpeter Nuyun Li Jinliang Li john O.Nile Guangyu Wang Asia Forest Research Centre Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada China Green Carbon Foundation Beijing 100714People’s Republic of China Chinese Institute Green Carbon Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China The Carbon Institute San DiegoCA 92103USA

Emissions trading schemes(ETSs)have been a central component of international climate change policies,as a carbon pricing tool to achieve emissions reduction *** carbon offset credits have been leveraged in many ETSs to efficiently meet emission reduction targets,yet there is little knowledge about the perceptions,experiences,and challenges associated with the forest carbon offsetting in existing and pilot *** that the future inclusion of forest carbon offset in ETS management activities and policies will require strong support and acceptability among the institutions and experts involved in ETS,this study explores the experiences and lessons learned with 16 globally engaging experts representing major existing ETSs(North America,Europe,and New Zealand)and Chinese pilot ETSs towards the inclusion of forestry offsets,major concerns and challenges with existing implementation *** revealed that many respondents particularly from North America,New Zealand,and Chinese pilot systems portrayed positive attitudes toward the inclusion of forestry carbon offsets and its role in contributing to a viable ETS,while European experts were not *** cited leakage,permanence,additionality,and monitoring design features as the major challenges and concerns that inhibit the expansion and inclusion of forest carbon *** from Chinese pilot schemes referenced a unique set of challenges related to implementation,including the increasing cost of afforestation and reforestation projects,the uncertainty in the future supply and demand for their national Certified Emissions Reduction(CER)scheme and landowner *** and future ETSs should learn from and address the challenges experienced by global experts and carbon pricing mechanisms to design,evaluate,or enhance their forest carbon offset programs for an effective and viable system that successfully contributes to GHG mitigation practices *** recommend inclu

关键词： Emission trading scheme Forest carbon offsets Climate change Cap and trade Carbon