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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 909-915页

作者： Sieun Chae Logan Williams Jihang Lee john t.Heron Emmanouil Kioupakis Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA

Entropic stabilization has evolved into a strategy to create new oxide materials and realize novel functional properties engineered through the alloy *** an atomistic understanding of these properties to enable their design,however,has been challenging due to the local compositional and structural disorder that underlies their fundamental structure-property ***,we combine high-throughput atomistic calculations and linear regression algorithms to investigate the role of local configurational and structural disorder on the thermodynamics of vacancy formation in (MgCoNiCuZn)O-based entropy-stabilized oxides (ESOs) and their influence on the electrical *** find that the cation-vacancy formation energies decrease with increasing local tensile strain caused by the deviation of the bond lengths in ESOs from the equilibrium bond length in the binary *** oxygen-vacancy formation strongly depends on structural distortions associated with the local configuration of chemical *** in ESOs exhibit deep thermodynamic transition levels that inhibit electrical *** applying the charge-neutrality condition,we determine that the equilibrium concentrations of both oxygen and cation vacancies increase with increasing Cu mole *** results demonstrate that tuning the local chemistry and associated structural distortions by varying alloy composition acts an engineering principle that enables controlled defect formation in multi-component alloys.

关键词： alloy structural vacancy

tribo-charging of binary mixtures composed of coarse and fine particles in gas-solid pipe flow

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 101-109页

作者： Haifeng Wang Farzam Fotovat Xiaotao t. Bi john R. Grace Department of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology. Xuzliou 221166 China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Sharif University of Technology Azadi Avenue P.O. Box 11365-9465 Tehran Iran Fluidization Research Centre Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia. Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of adding fines on the tribo-charging of coarse glass beads. Four types of fines, i.e., copper, stainless steel, uncoated and silver-coated fine glass beads, mixed w让h 240-830 μm glass beads were conveyed by air through a stainless-steel spiral pipe acting as a tribo-charger. Regardless of the type or electrical conductivity of the fine particles tested, adding small amounts of fines (up to 10wt%) to coarse glass beads resulted in a sharp increase in the mass and surface charge densities of the particles. In gen eral, the profiles of the mass and surface charge den sides of the fine-coarse particle mixtures as a function of the mixture composition were determined by the relative magnitude of contact potential differences and the total surface areas of all the comp on ents. the domi nant particle tri bo-electrification mecha nism switched from coarse particle-wall con tacts to fine particle-wall contacts when the fines weight percentage in the mixture exceeded 10%. A model was developed to predict the mass charge density of bi nary mixtures as a function of the mixture composition.

关键词： tribo-charging Electrostatics Fine particles Binary mixture Gas-solid flow

Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers for intravascular ultrasound imaging

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 565-577页

作者： Jiaqi Wang Zhou Zheng Jasmine Chan john t.W.Yeow Department of Systems Design Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)is a burgeoning imaging technology that provides vital information for the diagnosis of coronary arterial diseases.A significant constituent that enables the IVUS system to attain high-resolution images is the ultrasound transducer,which acts as both a transmitter that sends acoustic waves and a detector that receives the returning *** the most mature form of ultrasound transducer available in the market,piezoelectric transducers have dominated the field of biomedical ***,there are some drawbacks associated with using the traditional piezoelectric ultrasound transducers such as difficulties in the fabrication of high-density arrays,which would aid in the acceleration of the imaging speed and alleviate motion *** advent of microelectromechanical system(MEMS)technology has brought about the development of micromachined ultrasound transducers that would help to address this *** from the advantage of being able to be fabricated into arrays with lesser complications,the image quality of IVUS can be further enhanced with the easy integration of micromachined ultrasound transducers with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS).this would aid in the mitigation of parasitic capacitance,thereby improving the ***,there are two commonly investigated micromachined ultrasound transducers,piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers(PMUts)and capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers(CMUts).Currently,PMUts face a significant challenge where the fabricated PMUts do not function as per their ***,CMUts with different array configurations have been developed for *** this paper,the different ultrasound transducers,including conventional-piezoelectric transducers,PMUts and CMUts,are reviewed,and a summary of the recent progress of CMUts for IVUS is presented.

关键词： piezoelectric transducers thereby

Superior antibody and membrane protein‑specific t‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intradermal versus intramuscular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaime S.Rosa Duque Samuel M.S.Cheng Carolyn A.Cohen Daniel Leung Xiwei Wang Xiaofeng Mu Yuet Chung tsun Ming Lau Manni Wang Wenyue Zhang Yanmei Zhang Howard H.W.Wong Leo C.H.tsang Sara Chaothai tsz Chun Kwan john K.C.Li Karl C.K.Chan Leo L.H.Luk Jenson C.H.Ho Wing Yan Li Amos M.t.Lee Jennifer H.Y.Lam Sau Man Chan Wilfred H.S.Wong Issan Y.S.tam Masashi Mori Sophie A.Valkenburg Malik Peiris Wenwei tu Yu Lung Lau Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health The University of Hong KongHong KongChina HKU‑Pasteur Research Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Immunology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optimising the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to improve their protection against disease is *** dosing by intradermal(ID)administration has been shown to be equally immunogenic as intramuscular(IM)administration for several vaccines,but the immunogenicity of ID inactivated whole severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at the full dose is *** study(NCt04800133)investigated the superiority of antibody and t-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over IM administration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of IM or ID vaccine,followed by the 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular immunogenicity outcomes were measured post-dose 2(IM-CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(IMCCC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were administered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)immunoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding domain(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNM[sum of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and membrane protein(M)peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNM-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled the superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC compared to IM-CC,whereas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNt90),PRNt50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,M-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estimated vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for IM-CC,ID-CC,IM-CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported more local,mild adverse *** this is the first study to demonstrate superior antibody and M-specific t-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as the basis for future research to improve the

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Immunity Intradermal Vaccine

高、低核酸含量原核生物应对资源可利用性降低和原生动物选择性摄食的适应性策略

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第6期54卷 1901-1913页

作者：胡晨余柳倩陈晓炜刘纪化张瑶 john BAtt 肖喜林石蔷张锐骆庭伟焦念志徐大鹏厦门大学环境与生态学院厦门361102 近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室厦门大学海洋与地球学院福建省海洋碳汇重点实验室厦门361102 Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education(LORE)of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China 香港科技大学(广州)地球与海洋大气科学学域广州510000 山东大学海洋研究院青岛266237 Department of Oceanography Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada 深圳大学高等研究院深圳518060 厦门大学碳中和创新研究中心厦门361102

原核生物在全球海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用,然而对它们不同生态亚群(即:高核酸(HNA)和低核酸(LNA)含量亚群)的丰度和代谢活性,以及它们的调控因素如何随着海洋环境条件的变化而变化,仍知之甚少.我们在117,000升的大体积培养体... 详细信息

原核生物在全球海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用,然而对它们不同生态亚群(即:高核酸(HNA)和低核酸(LNA)含量亚群)的丰度和代谢活性,以及它们的调控因素如何随着海洋环境条件的变化而变化,仍知之甚少.我们在117,000升的大体积培养体系中进行了73天的培养实验,深入研究HNA和LNA亚群对资源可利用性降低和原生动物选择性摄食随时间变化的动态响应.研究结果显示,当培养环境资源充足时, HNA亚群的代谢活性高于LNA亚群,但随着资源日益稀缺, HNA亚群代谢下降速度比LNA亚群快,从而使LNA亚群对原核生物活性的贡献稳步增加.与此同时,随着培养体系资源可利用性逐步降低,原生动物的摄食偏好从HNA亚群转向LNA亚群,使得LNA亚群对培养体系的碳流贡献增加.这些结果突显了LNA亚群在资源有限环境中的韧性,阐明了原生动物选择性摄食在资源条件变化时平衡不同亚群中的关键作用,并展示了在不同环境背景下原生动物和原核生物之间复杂的相互适应性.

关键词：微生物环大体积培养实验原核生物自上而下和自下而上调控作用碳流

Petrology,geochronology,and geophysical characterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central Illinois,USA

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 581-596页

作者： Jared t.Freiburg john HMcBride David HMalone Hannes ELeetaru Illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign615 E.Peabody DriveChampaignIL 61820USA University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and GeologyFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str.17aD-17489 GreifswaldGermany Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Geography Geologyand the EnvironmentCampus Box 4400Illinois State UniversityNormalIL61790-4400USA

the Precambrian basement rocks of the Eastern Granite-Rhyolite Province(EGRP)in central Illinois(midcontinent region of North America)exhibit a complex history of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A comprehensive suite of dedicated petrographic analyses,geophysical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and three-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from the Illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and Illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting the Precambrian basement of the Illinois *** new data reveal the basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,having typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by the first reported gabbro in the Precambrian basement in ***(n?29)from rhyolite give a U-Pb weighted mean average age of 14679 ***(n?3)from a gabbro dike that intrudes the rhyolite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,which corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents the first Grenville-age rock in Illinois and in the EGRP.A high-resolution three-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with the four wells,provides a context for interpreting the petrological data and implies a high degree of heterogeneity for basement rocks at the IBDP–ICCS site,as also shown by the drill *** occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and the three-dimensional volume that is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill ***,heterogeneities such as the brecciated EGRP rhyolite and later gabbro intrusion observed in the basement lithology at the IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in the EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.

关键词： Eastern granite-rhyolite province Mesoproterozoic Carbon storage Reflection seismology Zircon U-Pb geochronology Illinois

tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina L. Mogren William E. Walton john t. trumble Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/L of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or Lysinibacillus sphaericus （Ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. Larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the LC50＇s and LC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/Ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti LC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with Ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

Differential responses to feeding by the tomato/potato psyllid between two tomato cultivars and their implications in establishment of injury levels and potential of damaged plant recovery

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 195-204页

作者： DEGUANG LIU LINDSEY johnSON john t. tRUMBLE Department of Entomology Unversity of California Riverside CA USA

An invasive new biotype of the tomato/potato psyllid （Bactericera [Paratrioza] cockerelli [Sulc.]）（Homoptera： Psyllidae） recently has caused losses exceeding 50% on fresh market tomatoes in western North America. Despite these extensive losses, little is known regarding the threshold levels at which populations must be suppressed in order to prevent economic losses. A series of experiments were therefore designed using combinations of two common tomato cultivars （Qualit 21 and Yellow Pear）, five pest-densities （0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nymphs/plant）, and three feeding-duration （5 days, 10 days, and lifetime） treatments to test the relative importance of pest density, feeding period, and cumulative psyllid-days to establish economic threshold levels for psyllids. the cultivars differed considerably in their response to the toxin injected by the psyllid nymphs. ‘Yellow Pear＇ plants could recover from feeding by up to 40 nymphs for as long as 10 d, whereas ‘Qualit 21＇ plants were irreparably damaged by densities of 20 nymphs feeding for only 5 days. On ‘Yellow Pear＇, all plant measurements such as the number of yellow leaves and plant height were significantly better correlated with cumulative psyUid-days than with either pest density or feeding duration. On ‘Qualit 21 ＇, all plant measurements other than the number of yellow leaflets and leaves were significantly better correlated with pest density than with feeding duration or cumulative psyUid-days, and pest density was a better predictor of psyUid damage. Potential reasons for the variable responses between cultivars and the implications for psyllid sampling and integrated pest management are discussed.

关键词： IPM psyllid yellows tomato cultivar toxic saliva

Integral sliding mode based optimal composite nonlinear feedback control for a class of systems

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Control theory and technology 2014年第2期12卷 139-146页

作者： Zhou ZHENG Weijie SUN Hui CHEN john t. W. YEOW College of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

this paper presents an optimization method of designing the integral sliding mode （ISM） based composite nonlinear feedback （CNF） controller for a class of low order linear systems with input saturation. the optimal CNF control is first designed as a nominal control to yield high tracking speed and low overshoot. the selection of all the tuning parameters for the CNF control law is turned into a minimization problem and solved automatically by particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm. Subsequently, the discontinuous control law is introduced to reject matched disturbances. then, the optimal ISM-CNF control law is achieved as the sum of the optimal CNF control law and the discontinuous control law. the effectiveness of the optimal ISM-CNF controller is verified by comparing with a step by step designed one. High tracking performance is achieved by applying the optimal ISM-CNF controller to the tracking control of the micromirror.

关键词： Composite nonlinear feedback Integral sliding mode Input saturation PSO Micromirror

Boron arsenide heterostructures:lattice-matched heterointerfaces and strain effects on band alignments and mobility

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1636-1642页

作者： Kyle Bushick Sieun Chae Zihao Deng john t.Heron Emmanouil Kioupakis Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

BAs is a III–V semiconductor with ultra-high thermal conductivity,but many of its electronic properties are *** work applies predictive atomistic calculations to investigate the properties of BAs heterostructures,such as strain effects on band alignments and carrier mobility,considering BAs as both a thin film and a substrate for lattice-matched *** results show that isotropic biaxial in-plane strain decreases the band gap independent of sign or *** addition,1%biaxial tensile strain increases the in-plane electron and hole mobilities at 300 K by>60%compared to the unstrained values due to a reduction of the electron effective mass and of hole interband ***,BAs is shown to be nearly lattice-matched with InGaN and ZnSnN2,two important optoelectronic semiconductors with tunable band gaps by alloying and cation disorder,respectively.

关键词： strain alloying lattice