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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： john mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

How and why does photobiomodulation change brain activity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2243-2244页

作者： john mitrofanis Luke AHenderson Department of Anatomy School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia

The concept that certain wavelengths of light can change regional brain activity as well as influencing the functional connectivity between different brain centers,is rather *** a concept goes beyond that of a function for light stimulating specialized retinal ganglion cells to entrain circadian rhythms but extends this to include light having a direct influence on all neurons to potentially influence a range of core higher-order brain *** this perspective,we explore how light may influence such core brain activities,together with why it should do so in the first place.

关键词： stimulating striking specialized

Does photobiomodulation require glucose to work effectively?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 945-946页

作者： Jaimie Hoh Kam john mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Fonds de Dotation ClinatecGrenobleFrance University College London Institute of OphthalmologyUK

A main requirement for cells to function normally is the availability of ***,available either direct from circulation or storage,is converted to the essential energy that cells need to drive critical intrinsic *** cells are deprived of glucose,they become dysfunctional and suffer ***,the use of specific wavelengths of light on body tissues,has been shown to promote,through small organelles called mitochondria,the metabolism of glucose to make energy for cells;this energy can be used to improve cell function and *** this perspective,we hypothesize that the availability of glucose is central to the core mechanism of photobiomodulation;that photobiomodulation is at its most efficient in stimulating mitochondrial activity and improving cell function when there is glucose readily available.

关键词： metabolism distress stimulating

Lights for epilepsy:can photobiomodulation reduce seizures and offer neuroprotection?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1423-1426页

作者： Napoleon Torres-Martinez Stephan Chabardes john mitrofanis University of Grenoble Alpes FDD and CEA-LETIClinatecGrenobleFrance

Epilepsy is synonymous with individuals suffering repeated“fits”or *** seizures are triggered by bursts of abnormal neuronal activity,across either the cerebral cortex and/or the *** addition,the seizure sites are characterized by considerable neuronal *** the factors that generate this abnormal activity and death are not entirely clear,recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central *** treatment options include drug therapy,which aims to suppress the abnormal neuronal activity,or surgical intervention,which involves the removal of the brain region generating the seizure ***,~30%of patients are unresponsive to the drugs,while the surgery option is invasive and has a morbidity ***,there is a need for the development of an effective non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment for this disorder,one that has few side *** this review,we consider the effectiveness of a potential new treatment for epilepsy,known as photobiomodulation,the use of red to near-infrared light on body *** studies in animal models have shown that photobiomodulation reduces seizure-like activity and improves neuronal ***,it has an excellent safety record,with little or no evidence of side effects,and it is *** all together,this treatment appears to be an ideal treatment option for patients suffering from epilepsy,which is certainly worthy of further consideration.

关键词： cell death gliosis inflammation infrared mitochondria non-pharmacological red seizure

Lights at night:does photobiomodulation improve sleep?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 474-477页

作者： Audrey Valverde Catherine Hamilton Cécile Moro Malvina Billeres Pierre Magistretti john mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes FDD and CEA-LETIClinatecGrenobleFrance WellRed Inc LauncestonTasmaniaAustralia King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Sleep is a critical part of our daily *** impacts every organ and system of our body,from the brain to the heart and from cellular metabolism to immune function.A consistent daily schedule of quality of sleep makes a world of difference to our health and *** its importance,so many individuals have trouble sleeping *** quality sleep has such a detrimental impact on many aspects of our lives;it affects our thinking,learning,memory,and ***,and most poignantly,poor quality sleep over time increases the risk of developing a serious medical condition,including neurodegenerative *** this review,we focus on a potentially new non-pharmacological treatment that improves the quality of *** treatment,called photobiomodulation,involves the application of very specific wavelengths of light to body *** animal models,these wavelengths,when applied at night,have been reported to stimulate the removal of fluid and toxic waste-products from the brain;that is,they improve the brain’s inbuilt house-keeping *** suggest that transcranial nocturnal photobiomodulation,by improving brain function at night,will help improve the health and well-being of many individuals,by enhancing the quality of their sleep.

关键词： aquaporin 4 glymphhatic infrared non-pharmacological red sleep cap transcranial wakefulness

Exploring the use of transcranial photobiomodulation in Parkinson's disease patients

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1738-1740页

作者： Catherine Hamilton David Hamilton Frank Nicklason Nabil El Massri john mitrofanis Department of Anatomy University of Sydney Department of Geriatric Medicine Royal Hobart Hospital

Parkinson＇s disease is a neurological disorder with distinct motor signs of resting tremor,akinesia and/or lead-pipe rigidity,together with non-motor symptoms of impaired smell,cognition and autonomic *** manifest af... 详细信息

关键词： Exploring the use of transcranial photobiomodulation in Parkinson’s disease patients Figure

The code of light:do neurons generate light to communicate and repair?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1251-1252页

作者： Cecile Moro Ann Liebert Catherine Hamilton Nicolas Pasqual Glen Jeffery Jonathan Stone john mitrofanis Universite Grenoble Alpes CEALETIClinatecGrenobleFrance Department of Anatomy University of SydneySydneyAustralia Vie Integrative GrenobleFrance Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK Department of Physiology University of SydneySydneyAustralia

A great challenge in neuroscience has been to understand how neurons *** neuroanatomists of the 19th Century could see neurons stretching processes to contact other neurons,but could not see the detail of the *** thought that neurons formed a syncytium,with continuity of membranes from one to the *** the ensuing two hundred years or so,we have come to understand that the circuity of the brain is not formed by a syncytium of neurons;rather,individual neurons communicate with each other with a range of biological *** are highly active cells,with their activity being electrical and their communication being either chemical,electrical or gaseous.

关键词： communicate stretching electrical

Why and how does light therapy offer neuroprotection in Parkinson＇s disease？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 574-575页

作者： john mitrofanis Department of Anatomy F13 University of Sydney

Red and infrared light （X = 600-1,070 nm） therapy, known also as photobiomodulation, has been reported to offer neu-roprotection and to improve locomotor behaviour in animal models of Parkinson＇s disease, from rodents to non-human primates （Rojas and Gonzalez-Lima, 2011; Hamblin, 2016; johnstone et al., 2016）. The neuroprotective aspect of this therapy is particularly relevant; the saving of neurons that would normally die as a result of the parkinsonian degeneration, is without doubt,

关键词： Why and how does light therapy offer neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease

Do astrocytes respond to light,sound,or electrical stimulation?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第11期18卷 2343-2347页

作者： Audrey Le Naour Emilien Beziat Jaimie Hoh Kam Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid john mitrofanis UniversitéGrenoble Alpes Fonds de dotationClinatecGrenobleFrance King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Astrocytes are not only the most populous cell type in the human brain,but they also have the most extensive and dive rse sets of connections,across synapses,axons,blood vessels,as well as having their own internal ***,they are associated with many brain functions;from the synaptic transmission to energy metabolism and fluid homeostasis,and from cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier maintenance to neuroprotection,memory,immune defenses and detoxification,slee p,and early *** yet,notwithstanding these key roles,so many current therapeutic approaches to a range of brain disorders have largely neglected their potential *** this review,we consider the role of astrocytes in three brain therapies;two are emerging treatments(photobiomodulation and ultrasound),while the other is well-established(deep brain stimulation).In essence,we explore the issue of whether external sources,such as light,sound,or electricity,can influence the function of astrocytes,as they do *** find that,when taken all together,each of these external sources can influence many,if not,all of the functions associated with *** include influencing neuronal activity,prompting neuroprotection,reducing inflammation(astrogliosis) and potentially increasing cerebral blood flow and stimulating the glymphatic *** suggest that astrocytes,just like neurons,can respond positively to each of these external applications and that their activation co uld each impart many beneficial outcomes on brain function;they are likely to be key playe rs underpinning the mechanisms behind many therapeutic strategies.

关键词： deep brain stimulation high frequency infrared mitochondria red ultrasound

Targeting the body to protect the brain:inducing neuroprotection with remotely-applied near infrared light

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 349-351页

作者： Daniel M.johnstone john mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Bosch Institute University of Sydney Discipline of Physiology University of Sydney Discipline of Anatomy & Histology University of Sydney

The incidence of intractable age-related neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer＇s and Parkinson＇s diseases and age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase substantially over the coming decades with the ageing of the global population. While the burden of disease associ- ated with other chronic conditions has decreased in recent times due to improved diagnosis and treatment, current therapies for neurodegenerative diseases still fall short in that they are only effective in treating signs and symptoms - they do little to slow or prevent disease progress. Thus, there is an urgent need for treatments that address disease progression.

关键词： body MPTP Targeting the body to protect the brain MSCs