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Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: What, When, and How Long?

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第12期13卷 571-583页

作者： john R. ferguson Karen Taylor New Paltz USA Biocodex Bedminster USA

Probiotics have been formally defined as “live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts.” Although a range of applications has been explored for probiotics, their utility in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is both biologically plausible and supported by abundant clinical evidence. However, the strength of evidence underlying the efficacy of specific strains and formulations for AAD varies widely. This review leverages recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews to clarify some outstanding issues on the utility of probiotics for AAD, including which strains have evidence for efficacy in AAD, what doses have been demonstrated to be effective, and the optimal duration of probiotic therapy, and provides practical guidance on how to select an appropriate product. Some trends emerged in this analysis of recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews, including: 1) Certain probiotics, such as Saccharomyces boulardii and some Lactobacilli-containing products, are consistently found to be effective for the management of AAD;2) Dosing thresholds for efficacy exist that must be achieved through the administration of probiotics that reliably contain the labeled amounts of probiotic constituents;3) Most effective probiotics are initiated at the same time as antibiotic therapy and continued for between 1 and 3 weeks after the cessation of therapy. These data suggest that attention must be paid to species, dose, and duration when selecting an appropriate product for patients initiating antibiotic therapy;further considerations may include the antibiotic used and the patient’s baseline risk for AAD.

关键词： Probiotics AAD Saccharomyces boulardii Lactobacilli

Effect of institutional volume on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes: Systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2015年第1期3卷 26-35页

作者： Muireann Murray Donagh A Healy john ferguson Khalid Bashar Seamus McHugh Mary Clarke Moloney Stewart R Walsh Department of Surgery University Hospital Limerick Department of Nephrology Graduate Entry Medical School University of Limerick Health Research Institute University of Limerick Department of Surgery University College Hospital

AIM: To determine whether institutional laparoscopy cholecystectomy(LC) volume affects rates of mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and bile duct injury(BDI).METHODS: Eligible studies were prospective or retrospective cohort studies that provided data on outcomes from consecutive LC procedures in single institutions. Relevant outcomes were mortality, conversion to open surgery, bile leakage and BDI. We performed a Medline search and extracted data. A regression analysis using generalized estimating equations were used to determine the influence of annual institutional LC caseload on outcomes. A sensitivity analysis was performed including only those studies that were published after ***: Seventy-three cohorts(127404 LC procedures) were included. Average complication rates were 0.06% for mortality, 3.23% for conversion, 0.44% for bile leakage and 0.28% for bile duct injury. Annual institutional caseload did not influence rates of mortality(P = 0.142), bile leakage(P = 0.111) or bile duct injury(P = 0.198) although increasing caseload was associated with reduced incidence of conversion(P = 0.019). Results from the sensitivity analyses were ***: Institutional volume is a determinant of LC complications. It is unclear whether volume is directly linked to complication rates or whether it is an index for protocolised care.

关键词： Abdominal Cholecystectomy Quality control Systematic review Meta-analysis

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装配设计套件:下一个大突破

中国集成电路 2017年第3期26卷 79-82,85页

作者： john ferguson Tarek Ramadan Mentor Graphics公司

传统的片上系统（SoC）设计过程已经有非常完善的集成电路（IC）设计验证方法，这一点可通过晶圆代工厂提供的流程设计套件（PDK）得以体现。这些PDK中所采用的可重复的验证技术，已被证明是行之有效的。它不仅能帮助IC设计人员降低风... 详细信息

传统的片上系统（SoC）设计过程已经有非常完善的集成电路（IC）设计验证方法，这一点可通过晶圆代工厂提供的流程设计套件（PDK）得以体现。这些PDK中所采用的可重复的验证技术，已被证明是行之有效的。它不仅能帮助IC设计人员降低风险，更可以提高整体生产率。但芯片设计公司和外包半导体装配和测试公司（OSAT）并没有相应的Sign-off验证流程，来确保IC封装满足可制造性和性能要求。

关键词：装配设计套件芯片设计公司验证方法 IC封装集成电路设计过程片上系统

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完整3D IC寄生参数提取

中国集成电路 2016年第12期25卷 44-44,66页

作者： john ferguson Dusan Petranovic Mentor Graphics公司

3DIC设计因为能够实现器件尺寸缩小，同时最大限度地降低成本并保持外形参数可控，因此获得了业界的大量关注，但验证来自多个制程工艺的组件仍是相当具有挑战。在物理验证领域，这部分工作已经有所进展——可以在独立模式中根据特定DRC... 详细信息

3DIC设计因为能够实现器件尺寸缩小，同时最大限度地降低成本并保持外形参数可控，因此获得了业界的大量关注，但验证来自多个制程工艺的组件仍是相当具有挑战。在物理验证领域，这部分工作已经有所进展——可以在独立模式中根据特定DRC或LVS规则验证芯片，

关键词： IC设计参数提取 3D 寄生物理验证尺寸缩小外形参数制程工艺

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关于中国陶瓷图谱研究的争辩

美术大观 2023年第7期 124-129页

作者： [加]福开森 [法]伯希和陈云凤(译注) 不详四川大学艺术学院

在20世纪30年代,西方著名汉学家福开森和伯希和针对一本传为明代著名收藏家项元汴所作的《历代名瓷图谱》产生了争议。该图谱记录了“原作者”项元汴及其戚友的藏瓷,西方汉学家简称其为《项氏图谱》或《项元汴图谱》。二人分别发表了两... 详细信息

在20世纪30年代,西方著名汉学家福开森和伯希和针对一本传为明代著名收藏家项元汴所作的《历代名瓷图谱》产生了争议。该图谱记录了“原作者”项元汴及其戚友的藏瓷,西方汉学家简称其为《项氏图谱》或《项元汴图谱》。二人分别发表了两篇文章,主要围绕图谱的真伪、流传、原作者和陶瓷图式、术语等问题进行了讨论。该争议体现了20世纪30年代不同阵营的西方汉学家之间的较量,以及汉学与艺术学研究方法的差异。本文为二人争辩的四篇文章中的三篇译文。

关键词：福开森伯希和项元汴《历代名瓷图谱》

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中华山水画家

中国美学研究 2021年第1期 251-260页

作者： [美]约翰·卡尔文·福开森王绮(译) 王宏超(校) 不详上海师范大学人文学院上海200234

《中国山水画家》是福开森发表于《中国科学与美术杂志》的第一篇文章,其中包括了福开森关于中国绘画的诸多美学观念,如山水的内涵、笔法、构图,阴影、光线、透视、色彩等原则,也谈及中西方艺术思想的差异,在中西跨文化的艺术比较进程... 详细信息

《中国山水画家》是福开森发表于《中国科学与美术杂志》的第一篇文章,其中包括了福开森关于中国绘画的诸多美学观念,如山水的内涵、笔法、构图,阴影、光线、透视、色彩等原则,也谈及中西方艺术思想的差异,在中西跨文化的艺术比较进程中也具有重要意义。

关键词：中西方艺术山水画家福开森美术杂志美学观念跨文化笔法绘画

Probiotics for Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea: What, When, and How Long?

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Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds

International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2022年第12期

作者： john R. ferguson Karen Taylor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第29期8卷 2763-2774页

作者： Zhen He Sherry Ann ferguson Li Cui Lazar john Greenfield Merle Gale Paule Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological ResearchFood and Drug Administration Department of Neurology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the cal- bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents. Several mechanisms are proposed to underlie the processes that contribute to the sexual dimorphism （size difference） of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Recent evidence indicates that stem cell activity, including proliferation and migration presumably from the 3^rd ventricle stem cell niche, may play a critical role in the postnatal development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and its distinguishing sexually dimorphic feature： a signifi-cantly larger volume in males. Sex hormones and estrogen-like compounds can affect the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area. Despite considerable research, it remains un-clear whether estrogen-like compounds and/or sex hormones increase size of the sexually dimor-phic nucleus of the preoptic area via an increase in stem cell activity originating from the 3^rd ventricle stern cell niche.

关键词： neural regeneration review sexual orientation sexual behavior calbindin D28K estrogen-likecompound bisphenol A neural stem cells grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

iStent inject trabecular microbypass stent implantation with cataract extraction in open-angle glaucoma:early clinical experience

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Eye and Vision 2020年第3期7卷 266-274页

作者： Tanner J.ferguson Zachary Dockter Adam Bleeker Kayla L.Karpuk Justin Schweitzer Mitch J.Ibach john P.Berdahl Cole Eye Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Sioux FallsSDUSA Cleveland Eye Clinic ClevelandOHUSA Vance Thompson Vision Sioux FallsSDUSA

Background:Retrospective,consecutive case series to evaluate the implantation of two second-generation trabecular microbypass stents in combination with cataract surgery in a real-world,clinical ***:The series included 56 eyes implanted with the iStent inject device with *** series consisted of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma(n=52)and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(n=4).Primary outcome measures included intraocular pressure(IOP)and number of glaucoma *** outcomes included the need for secondary surgical intervention and the incidence of IOP spikes≥10 mmHg and≥15 ***:IOP was reduced by 21%to 14.7±2.9 mmHg(p<0.01)at 6 months postoperative from 18.7±5.8 mmHg at ***,the mean number of glaucoma medications was 1.5±0.9 and reduced by 39%to 0.9±1.2(p<0.01)at 6 *** 6 months,68%of eyes had an IOP≤15 mmHg,increased from 30%at baseline.55%of eyes were medication-free at 6 months,up from 18%at *** were no severe postoperative *** eyes underwent an additional glaucoma ***:Implantation of the iStent inject device with concomitant cataract surgery effectively provides a sustained reduction in IOP with a markedly improved medication burden out to 6 months *** safety profile is excellent.

关键词： Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery MIGS Trabecular microbypass stent Open-angle glaucoma