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Mapping forest age using National Forest Inventory,airborne laser scanning,and Sentinel-2 data

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 793-806页

作者： johannes Schumacher Marius Hauglin Rasmus Astrup johannes breidenbach National Forest Inventory Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway

Background:The age of forest stands is critical information for forest management and conservation,for example for growth modelling,timing of management activities and harvesting,or decisions about protection ***,area-wide information about forest stand age often does not *** this study,we developed regression models for large-scale area-wide prediction of age in Norwegian *** model development we used more than 4800 plots of the Norwegian National Forest Inventory(NFI)distributed over Norway between latitudes 58°and 65°N in an 18.2 Mha study *** variables were based on airborne laser scanning(ALS),Sentinel-2,and existing public map *** performed model validation on an independent data set consisting of 63 spruce stands with known ***:The best modelling strategy was to fit independent linear regression models to each observed site index(SI)level and using a SI prediction map in the application of the *** most important predictor variable was an upper percentile of the ALS heights,and root mean squared errors(RMSEs)ranged between 3 and 31 years(6%to 26%)for SI-specific models,and 21 years(25%)on *** deviance(MD)ranged between^(−1) and 3 *** models improved with increasing SI and the RMSEs were largest for low SI stands older than 100 *** a mapped SI,which is required for practical applications,RMSE and MD on plot level ranged from 19 to 56 years(29%to 53%),and 5 to 37 years(5%to 31%),*** the validation stands,the RMSE and MD were 12(22%)and 2 years(3%),***:Tree height estimated from airborne laser scanning and predicted site index were the most important variables in the models describing ***,we obtained good results,especially for stands with high *** models could be considered for practical applications,although we see considerable potential for improvements if better SI maps were available.

关键词： Forest age Lidar Optical satellite images Remote sensing Forest inventory

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Large scale mapping of forest attributes using heterogeneous sets of airborne laser scanning and National Forest Inventory data

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 872-886页

作者： Marius Hauglin johannes Rahlf johannes Schumacher Rasmus Astrup johannes breidenbach Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research AsNorway

Background:The Norwegian forest resource map(SR16)maps forest attributes by combining national forest inventory(NFI),airborne laser scanning(ALS)and other remotely sensed *** the ALS data were acquired over a time interval of 10 years using various sensors and settings,the NFI data are continuously *** of this study were to analyze the effects of stratification on models linking remotely sensed and field data,and assess the accuracy overall and at the ALS project *** and methods:The model dataset consisted of 9203 NFI field plots and data from 367 ALS projects,covering 17 Mha and 2/3 of the productive forest in ***-effects regression models were used to account for differences among ALS *** types of stratification were used to fit models:1)stratification by the three main tree species groups spruce,pine and deciduous resulted in species-specific models that can utilize a satellite-based species map for improving predictions,and 2)stratification by species and maturity class resulted in stratum-specific models that can be used in forest management inventories where each stand regularly is visually stratified *** models were compared to general models that were fit without stratifying the ***:The species-specific models had relative root-mean-squared errors(RMSEs)of 35%,34%,31%,and 12% for volume,aboveground biomass,basal area,and Lorey’s height,*** RMSEs were 2-7 percentage points(pp)smaller than those of general *** validating using predicted species,RMSEs were 0-4 *** than those of general *** stratified by main species and maturity class further improved RMSEs compared to species-specific models by up to 1.8 *** mixed-effects models over ordinary least squares models resulted in a decrease of RMSE for timber volume of 1.0-3.9 pp.,depending on the main tree *** for timber volume ranged between 19%-59% among individual ALS ***

关键词： NFI Lidar Mixed-effects models Wall-to-wall mapping

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Longitudinal height-diameter curves for Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch in Norway based on shape constraint additive regression models

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第2期5卷 109-125页

作者： Matthias Schmidt johannes breidenbach Rasmus Astrup Northwest German Forest Research Institute Forest Growth Gratzelstr 2 37079 Gottingen Germany Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research National Forest Inventory Postboks 115 1431 As Norway

Background： Generalized height-diameter curves based on a re-parameterized version of the Korf function for Norway spruce （Piceo abies （L.） Karst.）, Scots pine （Pinus sylvestris L.） and silver birch （Betula pendula Roth） in Norwa are presented. The Norwegian National Forest Inventory （NFI） is used as data base for estimating the model parameters. The derived models are developed to enable spatially explicit and site sensitive tree height imputatio in forest inventories as well as future tree height predictions in growth and yield scenario simulations. Methods： Generalized additive mixed models （gamm） are employed to detect and quantify potentially non-linear effects of predictor variables. In doing so the quadratic mean diameter serves as longitudinal covariate since stand ag as measured in the NFI, shows only a weak correlation with a stands developmental status in Norwegian forests. Additionally the models can be locally calibrated by predicting random effects if measured height-diameter pairs are available. Based on the model selection of non-constraint models, shape constraint additive models （scare） were fit tc incorporate expert knowledge and intrinsic relationships by enforcing certain effect patterns like monotonicity. Results： Model comparisons demonstrate that the shape constraints lead to only marginal differences in statistical characteristics but ensure reasonable model predictions. Under constant constraints the developed models predict increasing tree heights with decreasing altitude, increasing soil depth and increasing competition pressure of a tree. / two-dimensional spatially structured effect of UTM-coordinates accounts for the potential effects of large scale spatial correlated covariates, which were not at our disposal. The main result of modelling the spatially structured effect is lower tree height prediction for coastal sites and with increasing latitude. The quadratic mean diameter affects both the level and the slope of the height-diameter

关键词： Height-diameter curve Norway spruce Scots pine Silver birch Norwegian national forest inventory Shape constrained additive models

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A century of National Forest Inventory in Norway–informing past,present,and future decisions

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 602-620页

作者： johannes breidenbach Aksel Granhus Gro Hylen Rune Eriksen Rasmus Astrup National Forest Inventory Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway

Past:In the early twentieth century,forestry was one of the most important sectors in Norway and an agitateddiscussion about the perceived decline of forest resources due to over-exploitation was *** base thediscussion on facts,the young state of Norway established Landsskogtakseringen–the world’s first National ForestInventory(NFI).Field work started in 1919 and was carried out by *** were recorded on 10m wide stripswith 1–5 km *** quality and land cover categories were recorded along each *** for the firstcounty were published in 1920,and by 1930 most forests below the coniferous tree line were *** 2ndto 5th inventories followed in the years 1937–*** of 1954,temporary sample plot clusters on a 3 km×3 kmgrid were used as sampling ***:The current NFI grid was implemented in the 6th NFI from 1986 to 1993,when permanent plots ona 3 km×3 km grid were established below the coniferous tree *** of the 7th inventory in 1994,the NFIis continuous,and 1/5 of the plots are measured *** trees with a diameter≥5 cm are recorded oncircular,250 m2 *** NFI grid was expanded in 2005 to cover alpine regions with 3 km×9 km and 9km×9 km *** 2012,the NFI grid within forest reserves was doubled along the cardinal *** temporary plots are used periodically to facilitate county-level *** of today,more than 120variables are recorded in the NFI including bilberry cover,drainage status,deadwood,and forest *** are monitored and trees outside forests are ***:Considerable research efforts towards the integration of remote sensing technologies enable thepublication of the Norwegian Forest Resource Map since 2015,which is also used for small area estimation atthe municipality *** the analysis side,capacity and software for long term growth and yield prognosisare being ***,we foresee the inclusion of further variables for monitoring ec

关键词： Forest forest annually

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Comparison of estimators of variance for forest inventories with systematic sampling-results from artificial populations

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第2期7卷 215-233页

作者： Steen Magnussen Ronald EMcRoberts johannes breidenbach Thomas Nord-Larsen Göran Ståhl Lutz Fehrmann Sebastian Schnell 506 West Burnside Road VictoriaBC V8Z 1M5Canada Raspberry Ridge Analytics 15111 Elmcrest Avenue NorthHugoMN 55038USA Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Høgskolevegen 81431ÅsNorway Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenRolighedsvej 23DK-1958 Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Faculty of Forest SciencesUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 5D37077GöttingenGermany Alfred-Möller-Straße 1 Haus 41-4216225 EberswaldeGermany.

Background:Large area forest inventories often use regular grids(with a single random start)of sample locations to ensure a uniform sampling intensity across the space of the surveyed populations.A design-unbiased estimator of variance does not exist for this ***,a quasi-default estimator applicable to simple random sampling(SRS)is used,even if it carries with it the likely risk of overestimating the variance by a practically important *** better exploit the precision of systematic sampling we assess the performance of five estimators of variance,including the quasi *** this study,simulated systematic sampling was applied to artificial populations with contrasting covariance structures and with or without linear *** compared the results obtained with the SRS,Matern’s,successive difference replication,Ripley’s,and D’Orazio’s variance ***:The variances obtained with the four alternatives to the SRS estimator of variance were strongly correlated,and in all study settings consistently closer to the target design variance than the estimator for *** latter always produced the greatest *** populations with a near zero spatial autocorrelation,all estimators,performed equally,and delivered estimates close to the actual design ***:Without a linear trend,the SDR and DOR estimators were best with variance estimates more narrowly distributed around the benchmark;yet in terms of the least average absolute deviation,Matern’s estimator held a narrow *** a strong or moderate linear trend,Matern’s estimator is *** large populations,and a low sampling intensity,the performance of the investigated estimators becomes more similar.

关键词： Spatial autocorrelation Linear trend Model based Design biased Matern variance Successive difference replication variance Geary contiguity coefficient Random site effects

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Use of models in large-area forest surveys： comparing model-assisted, model-based and hybrid estimation

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 153-163页

作者： Goran Stahl Svetlana Saarela Sebastian Schnell Soren Holm johannes breidenbach Sean P. Healey Paul L. Patterson Steen Magnussen Erik Naesset Ronald E. McRoberts Timothy G. Gregoire Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences UmeA Sweden. Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research As Norway. USDA Forest Service Washington D.C. USA. Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre British Columbia Canada Norwegian University of Life Sciences As Norway. School of Forestry and Fnvirnnmental Studies. Yale Universitv New Haven CT USA.

This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys. It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data, which facilitates the development of models predicting the variables of interest in forest surveys. We present, review and compare three different estimation frameworks where models play a core role： model-assisted, model-based, and hybrid estimation. The first two are well known, whereas the third has only recently been introduced in forest surveys. Hybrid inference mixes design- based and model-based inference, since it relies on a probability sample of auxiliary data and a model predicting the target variable from the auxiliary *** review studies on large-area forest surveys based on model-assisted, model- based, and hybrid estimation, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. We conclude that no general recommendations can be made about whether model-assisted, model-based, or hybrid estimation should be preferred. The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibilities to acquire appropriate field and remotely sensed data. We also conclude that modelling approaches can only be successfully applied for estimating target variables such as growing stock volume or biomass, which are adequately related to commonly available remotely sensed data, and thus purely field based surveys remain important for several important forest parameters.

关键词： Design-based inference Model-assisted estimation Model-based inference Hybrid inference Nationalforest inventory Remote sensing Sampling

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Electromagnetic modeling of interference,confocal,and focus variation microscopy

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Advanced Photonics Nexus 2024年第1期3卷 104-116页

作者： Tobias Pahl Felix Rosenthal johannes breidenbach Corvin Danzglock Sebastian Hagemeier Xin Xu Marco Künne Peter Lehmann University of Kassel Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMeasurement Technology GroupKasselGermany

We present a unified electromagnetic modeling of coherence scanning interferometry,confocal microscopy,and focus variation microscopy as the most common techniques for surface topography inspection with micro-and nanometer *** model aims at analyzing the instrument response and predicting systematic *** the main focus lies on the modeling of the microscopes,the light–surface interaction is considered,based on the Kirchhoff approximation extended to vectorial imaging ***,it can be replaced by rigorous methods without changing the microscope *** demonstrate that all of the measuring instruments mentioned above can be modeled using the same theory with some adaption to the respective *** validation,simulated results are confirmed by comparison with measurement results.

关键词： interference microscopy coherence scanning interferometry confocal microscopy focus variation microscopy electromagnetic modeling surface topography measurement

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Movement analysis in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 485-486页

作者： johannes Burtscher Nicolas Bourdillon Jules MJanssen Daalen Aurélien Patoz Julien FBally Martin Kopp Davide Malatesta Bastiaan RBloem Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Radboud University Medical Center Department of NeurologyDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorCenter of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersNijmegenThe Netherlands Radboud University Medical Center Department of Medical BioSciencesNijmegenThe Netherlands Research and Development Department Volodalen Swiss Sport LabAigleSwitzerland Service of Neurology Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital(CHUV)and University of Lausanne(UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland Department of Sport Science University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative disease,at first sight primarily characterized by motor symptoms,although non-motor symptoms also constitute a major part of the overall ***,this disease cannot be diagnosed reliably until a large part of the vulnerable dopaminergic neurons has been irretrievably lost,and the disease progresses *** biological criteria for PD have been proposed recently and might eventually improve early diagnosis,but they require further validation,and their use will initially be restricted to a research environment(Darweesh et al.,2024).

关键词： diagnosis Clinical eventually

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Recent status of fluidized bed technologies for producing iron input materials for steelmaking

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Particuology 2011年第1期9卷 14-23页

作者： johannes Leopold Schenk Department of Metallurgy University of Leoben Franz-Josef-Straβe 18 A-8700 Leoben Austria

Today steel is produced by two steelmaking processes, the basic oxygen furnace and the electric arc furnace, Three types of iron input materials for both processes are liquid hot metal or in solidified form as pig iron, direct reduced iron （DRI） and hot briquetted iron （HB1） as well as steel scrap. Hot metal, pig iron, DRI and HBI are virgin iron materials, which have to be produced from iron ore by the so-called ironmaking technologies. New ironmaking processes based on fluidized bed technology have been developed in the last two decades. The main advantage of these technologies is that fine ore can be directly used in the processes and prior treatment such as sintering or pelletizing can be avoided which is required for the established processes. Theoretical aspects for reduction of fine iron oxides in a fluidized bed reactor system will be explained. The fluidized bed reducing technologies utilized in the most advanced new ironmaking processes for direct use of fine ore, FINMET, Circored, FINEX~ and Hismelt will be compared.

关键词： FINEX  Circored  FINMET  HIsmelt  Fluidized bed Reactor Fine iron ore Ironmaking

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