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Non-Darcy Flow in Molding Sands

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 976-982页

作者： Miguel A. Barron-Meza joan Reyes-Miranda Daniel Flores-sanchez Departamento de Materiales Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco Ciudad de Mexico Mexico

Darcy’s law is widely used to describe the flow in porous media in which there is a linear relationship between fluid velocity and pressure gradient. However, it has been found that for high numbers of Reynolds this law ceases to be valid. In this work, the Ergun equation is employed to consider the non-linearity of air velocity with the pressure gradient in casting sands. The contribution of non-linearity to the total flow in terms of a variable defined as a non-Darcy flow fraction is numerically quantified. In addition, the influence of the shape factor of the sand grains on the non-linear flow fraction is analyzed. It is found that for values of the Reynolds number less or equal than 1, the contribution of non-linearity for spherical particles is around 1.15%.

关键词： Darcy’s Law Molding Sands Non-Darcy Flow Reynolds Number Shape Factor

Insights into bacterial resistance to contaminants of emerging concerns and their biodegradation by marine bacteria

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 260-267页

作者： Hatice Turan Bahia Khalfaoui-Hassani Alisson Godino-sanchez Zulfatun Naimah Mathieu Sebilo Remy Guyoneaud Mathilde Monperrus University of pau and the Adour Region E2S UPPACNRSIPREM UMR 5254MIRAAngletFrance University of pau and the Adour Region E2S UPPACNRSIPREM UMR 5254PauFrance Sorbonne Universite CNRSINRAEIRDUPDUPECInstitute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences(IEES)ParisFrance

Contaminants of Emerging Concern(CECs)are human-made chemicals that remain *** continuous detection of CECs in aquatic ecosystems,due to their incomplete removal,emphasizes the importance of understanding their fate and impact on the environment and human *** detrimental effects of CECs on marine eukaryotes are well documented in multiple ***,their impact on marine bacteria and their biodegradation by these organisms are not well *** this study,two marine bacteria,Priestia sp.35 ODPABA G14 and Rhodococcus sp.23 AHTN G14,previously isolated from submarine sediments,were *** two strains were tested for their resistance as well as their capacity to degrade different classes of hydrophobic and hydrophilic CECs,including synthetic musks,UV filters,pesticides and *** strains showed high resistance to all of the hydrophobic tested CECs even up to 500 mg L^(-1).Only Ketoprofen was toxic to bacterial cells,particularly to Rhodococcus *** at concentration as low as 4 mg L^(-1).Furthermore,Priestia *** Rhodococcus *** exhibited high biodegradation potential,especially for hydrophobic *** this may not apply to all pollutants,the data presented in this study suggest a positive correlation between marine bacterial resistance to CECs and their high biodegradation potentials.

关键词： Contaminants of emerging concern Musks UV filters Pharmaceuticals Pesticides Toxicity Biodegradation

Biofunctionalized all-polymer photonic lab on a chip with integrated solid-state light emitter

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 430-437页

作者： Andreu Llobera joan Juvert Alfredo Gonzalez-Fernandez Bergoi Ibarlucea Ester Carregal-Romero Stephanus Buttgenbach Cesar Fernandez-sanchez Instituto de Microelectronica de Barcelona IMB-CNM(CSIC) Campus UAB08193 BellaterraSpain Institut fur Mikrotechnik Technische Universitat BraunschweigBraunschweig 38106Germany

A photonic lab on a chip(PhLOC),comprising a solid-state light emitter(SSLE)aligned with a biofunctionalized optofluidic multiple internal reflection(MIR)system,is *** SSLE is obtained by filling a microfluidic structure with a phenyltrimethoxysilane(PhTMOS)aqueous sol solution containing a fluorophore organic *** curing,the resulting xerogel solid structure retains the emitting properties of the fluorophore,which is evenly distributed in the xerogel *** studies demonstrate that after a total dose(at λ5365 nm)greater than 24 J cm^(-2),the xerogel emission decay is only 4.1%.To re-direct the emitted light,the SSLE includes two sets of air mirrors that surround the *** mapping of the SSLE demonstrates that alignment variations of 150 mm(between the SSLE and the external pumping light source)provide fluctuations in emitted light smaller than 5%.After this verification,the SSLE is monolithically implemented with a MIR,forming the *** performance is assessed by measuring quinolone yellow,obtaining a limit of detection(LOD)of(0.6060.01)***,the MIR is selectively biofunctionalized with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)for the detection of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))target analyte,obtaining a LOD of(0.760.1)μM for H_(2)O_(2),confirming,for the first time,that solid-state xerogel-based emitters can be massively implemented in biofunctionalized PhLOCs.

关键词： medical devices photonic lab on a chip polymer technology solid-state light emitters sol–gel

Historical fluxes of metal and metalloids in an aquatic ecosystem affected by land-use change and mining activities in northwestern Mexico

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 724-738页

作者： Ochoa-Contreras Roberto Jara-Marini Martín Enrique Ruiz-Fernández Ana Carolina sanchez-Cabeza joan Albert Meza-Figueroa Diana Pérez-Bernal Libia Hascibe Posgrado en Ciencias Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Unidad Hermosillo 2. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Unidad Hermosillo Unidad Acad emica Mazatlán Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de M exico Departamento de Geología División de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Sonora Rosales y Encinas

Freshwater reservoirs are essential owing because of their ecological, economic, and social *** are particularly vulnerable to contamination, as of metal and metalloids, derived from anthropogenic activities like mining. The temporal variations in trace element concentrations(arsenic(As),mercury(Hg), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn)), enrichment, fluxes, and possible sources were evaluated by studying two sediment cores from the La Angostura(ANG) Reservoir(northwest Mexico), using210Pb geochronology. The enrichment factors showed from null to minor enrichment for most elements, but moderate to severe enrichment of mercury(Hg). Most trace element concentrations had a detrital origin, and notable Hg concentration increases since the past decade were associated with severe drought periods, likely resulting from wildfires. The observed sediment concentrations of As and Hg can cause adverse effects on biota in the ecosystem since they are above the probable effect level(PEL). Development of strategies for metal attenuation in this reservoir is recommended and metals should be controlled until specific ecotoxicological studies are performed.

关键词： Aquatic ecosystems ~(210)Pb geochronology Mining activities Metals Metalloids Enrichment factors

Hyperlactatemia in patients with non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第12期12卷 1949-1953页

作者： Pilar Taurá Graciela Martinez-Palli Julia Martinez-Ocon joan Beltran Gerard sanchez-Etayo Jaume Balust Teresa Anglada Antoni Mas Juan-Carlos Garcia-Valdecasas Department of Anesthesiology Hospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain Department of Hepatology Hospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain Department of Surgery Hospital ClinicBarcelonaSpain

AIM： To characterize hyperlactatemia in patients with non-acetaminophen acute liver failure （ALF） in an attempt to clarify the mechanisms implicated and the role as a prognosis factor. METHODS： In the setting of liver transplantation, 63 consecutive patients with non-acetaminophen acute liver failure were studied in relation to tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. Before and after transplantation, the number of infected patients and outcome were registered. RESULTS： Acute ALF showed higher levels of lactate than subacute ALF （5.4 ± 1 mmol/L versus 2.2 ± 0.6 mmol/L, P= 0.01）. Oxygenation parameters were within the normal range. Lactate levels showed good correlation with respiratory quotient （r=0.759, P〈 0.005）, mean glucose administration （r= 0.664, P= 0.01） and encephalopathy （r= 0.698, P= 0.02）, but not with splanchnic arteriovenous difference in PCO2, pH and the presence of infection （P=0.1）. Portal vein lactate was higher （P〈0.05） than arterial and mixed venous lactate, suggesting its production of hyperlactatemia in the intestine and spleen. The presence of infection was an independent predictor of survival. CONCLUSION： Hyperlactatemia is not a prognosis factor due to byproduct of the overall acceleration in glycolysis.

关键词： Hyperlactatemia Non-acetaminophen acuteliver failure Splanchnic hypoperfusion Acute liverfailure

Control of disability glare by means of electrochromic filtering glasses:A pilot study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第1期10卷 11-20页

作者： Rosa Maria Coco-Martín Ruben Cuadrado-Asensio Ceesar Vega-Colado Ricardo Vergaz Jose M.sanchez-Pena Ana Viñuales Sergi Peris pau Artús M.Begona Coco-Martín IOBA Universidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain GDAF-UC3M Grupo de Displays y Aplicaciones Fotonicas Department de Tecnologia Electronica Universidad Carlos III de MadridSpain IK4-CIDETEC Parque Tecnologico de San Sebastian GuipuzcoaSpain Indo Optical Group Departamento I+D SantCugat del Valles BarcelonaSpain GIDFYS European University Miguel de Cervantes(UEMC)Department of HealthSciencesSpain

Purpose:To evaluate the potential clinical usability of a new prototype of ophthalmic blue light filters developed by using electrochromic technology in pseudophakic patients complaining of ***:A prototype of electrochromic device was developed,with a specific frame that enclosed an electronic driver that allowed personalizing its function for each patient.A pro-spective,observational case series study was performed to test *** patients who had un-dergone cataract surgery with clear intraocular lenses and complaining of glare were included in the *** outcome measures were the results obtained in the satisfaction questionnaire that was delivered to ***,visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and reading ability data were evaluated with and without the prototype under diferent lighting conditions and different modes of the prototype after a complete month of *** transmittance was also ***:Visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and reading function did not change significantly with prototype *** main activity for which the prototype was used was *** one patient found that the dimming level was *** patients reported variable discomfort when passing tunnels,not sufficiently clear indoors,or put on and remove *** lenses slightly decreased their transmittance at the end of the ***:Glasses based on elect rochromic technology may be acceptable for outdoor/indoor use and for distance-near *** studies with larger samples must be conducted to confirm the clinical usability of these glasses.

关键词： Optical filters electro-optical devices technical visual aids electronic control.

Use of antibiotic-loaded cement in total knee arthroplasty

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期6卷 877-885页

作者： Pedro Hinarejos pau Guirro Lluis Puig-Verdie Raul Torres-Claramunt joan Leal-Blanquet Juan sanchez-Soler joan Carles Monllau Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital del MarUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Bone cement has the capacity to release antibiotic molecules if any antibiotic is included in it, and these elution properties are improved as cement porosity is increased. In vitro studies have shown high local antibiotic concentration for many hours or few days after its use. Antibiotic loaded bone cement(ALBC) is helpful when treating an infection in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) revision surgery. The purpose of this paper was to review the evidence for the routine use of ALBC in TKA in the literature, its pros and cons. Many authors have recommended the use of ALBC also in primary TKA for infection prophylaxis, but the evidence based on data from National Registries, randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis suggest a protective effect of ALBC against infection when used in hips, but not(or only mild) in knees. A possible explanation to this finding is that the duration and quantity of locally elevated antibiotic levels after surgery are smaller in TKA, due to the smaller amount of cement used for fixation in TKA-only a layer in the bone surface. There are some concerns about the routine use of ALBC in primary TKA as prophylaxis against infection: Firstly, there is a risk of hypersensivity or toxicity even when the chance is highly improbable. Secondly, there is a reduction in the mechanical properties of the cement, but this can be probably neglected if the antibiotic is used in low doses, not more than 1 g per 40 g cement package. Another significant concern is the increased economic cost, which could be overlooked if there were enough savings in treating fewer prosthetic infections. Finally, there is also a risk of selection of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and this could be the main concern. If used, the choice of the antibiotic mixed in ALBC should consider microbiological aspects(broad antimicrobial spectrum and low rate of resistant bacteria), physical and chemical aspects(thermal stability, high water solubility), pharmacological characteris

关键词： Antibiotic loaded cement Antibiotic toxicity Total knee arthroplasty Infection Prophylaxis Economic cost Antimicrobial resistance

Mineralogical signatures and sources of recent sediment in a large tropical lake

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第2期33卷 183-190页

作者： Jorge Feliciano Ontiveros-Cuadras Ana Carolina Ruiz-Fernández joan-Albert sanchez-Cabeza Libia Hascibe Pérez-Bernal Michel Preda Federico Páez-Osuna Polytechnic University of Sinaloa (UPSIN) Mazatlan Academic Unit Institute of Marine Sciences and LimnologyNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Oceanic and Coastal Processes Academic Unit Institute of Marine Sciences and LimnologyNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).University City Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM)

Two lead-210(210Pb) dated sediment cores from Chapala Lake were studied to identify the mineral composition of the sediments and to discuss its relation with trace metals. Minerals and trace metals reflected the domain of volcanic rocks(i.e. basalts, rhyolite and andesite) that characterize Chapala Lake and the Lerma River watershed. Redundancy analyses(RDA) were used to identify the sedimentary variables(magnetic susceptibility, organic matter, sand content, and mineral composition) that could be related to elemental composition. Despite the distance between the two cores(7.3 km) and hydrodynamic circulation the RDA showed that the main mechanism that controls the input of mineral species,and, therefore, element distributions in the lacustrine sediment of Chapala Lake, is related to the weathering of volcanic rocks in the Lerma-Chapala watershed, the consequent runoff and transport of fine grained catchment materials, and later in-lake processes. These findings highlight the importance of controlling watershed erosion to contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality of the lake.

关键词： Chapala Lake Trace metals Mineralogy Lacustrine sediments

The influence of obesity duration on left ventricular mass, volume and function: A pilot study

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1420-1427页

作者： Juan Ybarra June H. Romeo Sandra Férnandez joan sanchez-Hernandez Center for Health Disparities Baldwin Wallace University Berea USA Centro Médico Teknon Barcelona Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Barcelona Spain

Introduction: Despite the bulk of evidence between obesity and cardiovascular complications, the effect of the duration of obesity (DOO) on cardiac function has so far received limited attention. The aim of the study is to study the relationship between a new, American Heart Association (AHA) and World Health Organization (WHO)-adapted formula for reporting DOO with echocardiographic findings and comorbidities in a large cohort of individuals whose BMI ranged from normal (·m﹣2) to morbid obesity (>40 Kg·m﹣2) and had been obese for varying lengths of time. Methods: 198 (M60/F138) asymptomatic patients were recruited. Patients were classified according to their reported DOO. The normal weight group (N = 92 (40/F52) was formed by those patients who did not recall maintaining a BMI > 30 Kg·m﹣2 from age 18 while those recalling maintenance of a BMI > 30 Kg·m﹣2 since age 18 and thereafter formed the obese group (N = 106 (M20/F86)). A detailed clinical, echo-cardiographic and analytical study was performed. Results: DOO in our series disclosed a significant correlation with left ventricular architecture and hemodynamics, left ventricular mass, cardiac output as well as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and insulin resistance. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that almost 54% of the interventricular septum thickness’s variance can be independently predicted by a model including DOO, gender, hypertension and logtransformed HOMA. Conclusions: Our formula for estimating the duration of obesity provides a simple, user-friendly tool whose utilization in bariatric preoperative assessments and in advanced nursing practice deserves prospective studies.

关键词： Duration of Obesity Echocardiography Co-Morbidities