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Heavy ion energy influence on multiple-cell upsets in small sensitive volumes:from standard to high energies

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 109-121页

作者： yang Jiao Li-hua Mo jin-hu yang Yu-Zhu Liu Ya-Nan Yin Liang Wang Qi-Yu Chen Xiao-Yu Yan Shi-Wei Zhao Bo Li You-Mei Sun Pei-Xiong Zhao Jie Liu Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.58 Research Institute Wuxi 214000China Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute Beijing 100084China Institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Silicon Devices Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The 28 nm process has a high cost-performance ratio and has gradually become the standard for the field of radiation-hardened ***,owing to the minimum physical gate length of only 35 nm,the physical area of a standard 6T SRAM unit is approximately 0.16μm^(2),resulting in a significant enhancement of multi-cell charge-sharing ***-cell upsets(MCUs)have become the primary physical mechanism behind single-event upsets(SEUs)in advanced nanometer node *** range of ionization track effects increases with higher ion energies,and spacecraft in orbit primarily experience SEUs caused by high-energy ***,ground accelerator experiments have mainly obtained low-energy ion irradiation ***,the impact of ion energy on the SEU cross section,charge collection mechanisms,and MCU patterns and quantities in advanced nanometer devices remains *** this study,based on the experimental platform of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou,low-and high-energy heavy-ion beams were used to study the SEUs of 28 nm SRAM *** influence of ion energy on the charge collection processes of small-sensitive-volume devices,MCU patterns,and upset cross sections was obtained,and the applicable range of the inverse cosine law was *** findings of this study are an important guide for the accurate evaluation of SEUs in advanced nanometer devices and for the development of radiation-hardening techniques.

关键词： 28 nm static random access memory(SRAM) Energy effects Heavy ion Multiple-cell upset(MCU) Charge collection Inverse cosine law

Chemico-biological conversion of carbon dioxide

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 371-387,I0009页

作者： Liangwei hu Junzhu yang Qi Xia jin Zhang Hongxin Zhao Yuan Lu Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Biological and Chemical Engineering Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000ZhejiangChina

The unabated carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission into the atmosphere has exacerbated global climate change,resulting in extreme weather events,biodiversity loss,and an intensified greenhouse *** address these challenges and work toward carbon(C)neutrality and reduced CO_(2)emissions,the capture and utilization of CO_(2)have become imperative in both scientific research and *** cutting-edge approach to achieving efficient catalytic performance involves integrating green bioconversion and chemical *** innovative strategy offers several advantages,including environmental friendliness,high efficiency,and *** study provides a comprehensive review of existing technical routes for carbon sequestration(CS)and introduces two novel CS pathways:the electrochemicalbiological hybrid and artificial photosynthesis *** also thoroughly examines the synthesis of valuable Cnproducts from the two CS systems employing different catalysts and *** both systems heavily rely on electron transfer,direct and mediated electron transfer has been discussed and summarized in ***,this study explores the conditions suitable for different catalysts and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of *** also explored the biocompatibility of the electrode materials and developed novel *** materials were specifically engineered to combine with enzymes or microbial cells to solve the biocompatibility problem,while improving the electron transfer efficiency of ***,this review summarizes the relevant systems developed in recent years for manufacturing different products,along with their respective production efficiencies,providing a solid database for development in this *** novel chemical-biological combination proposed herein holds great promise for the future conversion of CO_(2)into advanced organic ***,it offers exciting prospects for utilizing CO_(2)in synthesizing

关键词： Carbon dioxide Bioelectric synthesis Artificial photosynthesis Synthetic product

Precisely Control Relationship between Sulfur Vacancy and H Absorption for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 14-24页

作者： jing jin Xinyao Wang yang hu Zhuang Zhang Hongbo Liu Jie Yin Pinxian Xi College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic ChemistryLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China

Ef fective and robust catalyst is the core of water splitting to produce ***, we report an anionic etching method to tailor the sulfur vacancy(VS) of NiS_(2) to further enhance the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER). With the VS concentration change from 2.4% to 8.5%, the H* adsorption strength on S sites changed and NiS_(2)-VS 5.9% shows the most optimized H* adsorption for HER with an ultralow onset potential(68 m V) and has long-term stability for 100 h in 1 M KOH media. In situ attenuated-total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIRS) measurements are usually used to monitor the adsorption of intermediates. The S-H* peak of the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% appears at a very low voltage, which is favorable for the HER in alkaline media. Density functional theory calculations also demonstrate the Ni S_(2)-VS 5.9% has the optimal |ΔG^(H*)| of 0.17 e V. This work offers a simple and promising pathway to enhance catalytic activity via precise vacancies strategy.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution reaction S vacancies Nanosheet H Adsorption

Differences in MBUs induced by high-energy and medium-energy heavy ions in 28 nm FPGAs

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第9期33卷 28-36页

作者： Shuai Gao jin-hu yang Bing Ye Chang Cai Ze He Jie Liu Tian-Qi Liu Xiao-Yu Yan You-Mei Sun Guo-Qing Xiao Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI University of MacaoMacao 999078China

Multiple-bit upsets(MBUs)have become a threat to modern advanced field-programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)applications in radiation ***,many investigations have been conducted using mediumenergy heavy ions to study the effects of MBU ***,high-energy heavy ions(HEHIs)greatly affect the size and percentage of MBUs because their ionizationtrack structures differ from those of medium-energy heavy *** this study,the different impacts of high-energy and medium-energy heavy ions on MBUs in 28 nm FPGAs as well as their mechanisms are thoroughly *** the Geant4 calculation,more serious energy effects of HEHIs on MBU scales were successfully *** addition,we identified worse MBU responses resulting from lowered *** MBU orientation effect was observed in the radiation of different *** broadened ionization tracks for tilted tests in different dimensions could result in different MBU *** results also revealed that the ionization tracks of tilted HEHIs have more severe impacts on the MBU scales than mediumenergy heavy ions with much higher linear energy ***,comprehensive radiation with HEHIs is indispensable for effective hardened designs to apply highdensity 28 nm FPGAs in deep space exploration.

关键词： FPGA High-energy heavy-ion radiation MBU Ionization track

Modulated symbol-based one-time pad secure transmission scheme using physical layer keys

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 221-239页

作者： Xiaoyan hu Zheng WAN Kaizhi huANG Liang jin Mengyao YAN Yajun CHEN jinmei yang Information Engineering University Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security

This paper proposes a novel modulated symbols-based one-time pad(SOTP) secure transmission scheme using physical layer *** classical physical layer key generation and exclusive OR(XOR)encryption in the discrete binary space,we design a framework for modulated symbols-based one-time pad(OTP) encryption,where the cryptographic primitive and mathematical model of SOTP is given to build a practical cryptographic *** with existing physical layer encryption(PLE) schemes,we provide rigorous proof that the framework can meet perfect secrecy and correctness *** addition,we provide a specific scheme of physical layer OTP secure transmission for quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) and phase-shift keying(PSK) symbols based on physical layer *** scheme realizes the unification of bit encryption and symbol encryption,which can adaptively select the quantization level according to the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) to minimize the symbol error rate(SER).Further,we analyze the performance quantitatively and derive the closed-form expressions of SER,which indicates that the proposed scheme has a lower ***,simulation results verify that the proposed symbol-wise OTP secure transmission scheme can achieve perfect secrecy and high reliability.

关键词： physical layer security one-time pad wireless channel physical layer encryption perfect secrecy

Decoding the Cellular Trafficking of Prion-like Proteins in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 241-254页

作者： Chenjun hu Yiqun Yan Yanhong jin Jun yang Yongmei Xi Zhen Zhong Department of Neurology of the Second Afliated Hospital and Department of human Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Department of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Afliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Division of human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics Women’s Hospital and Institute of GeneticsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China

The accumulation and spread of prion-like proteins is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson's disease,or Amyotrophic Lateral *** a process known as‘seeding’,prion-like proteins such as amyloid beta,microtubule-associated protein tau,α-synuclein,silence superoxide dismutase 1,or transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa,propagate their misfolded conformations by transforming their respective soluble monomers into *** and molecular evidence of prion-like propagation in NDs,the clinical relevance of their‘seeding’capacities,and their levels of contribution towards disease progression have been intensively studied over recent *** review unpacks the cyclic prion-like propagation in cells including factors of aggregate internalization,endo-lysosomal leaking,aggregate degradation,and *** on the importance of the role of prion-like protein aggregates in NDs,whether causal or consequent,are also *** lead to a greater understanding of ND pathogenesis and increased potential for therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Prion-like propagation Seeding Endocytosis Endolyosomal leaking Degradation

Spin effect on redox acceleration and regioselectivity in Fe-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 155-167页

作者： Peng He Meng-yang hu jin-Hong Li Tian-Zhang Qiao Yi-Lin Lu Shou-Fei Zhu Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University

Iron catalysts are ideal transition metal catalysts because of the Earths abundant, cheap, biocompatible features of iron salts. Iron catalysts often have unique open-shell structures that easily undergo spin crossover in chemical transformations, a feature rarely found in noble metal catalysts. Unfortunately, little is known currently about how the open-shell structure and spin crossover affect the reactivity and selectivity of iron catalysts, which makes the development of iron catalysts a low efficient trial-and-error program. In this paper, a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkynes is typical spin-crossover catalysis. Deep insight into the electronic structures of a set of well-defined open-shell active formal Fe(0) catalysts revealed that the spin-delocalization between the iron center and the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand effectively regulates the iron center's spin and oxidation state to meet the opposite electrostatic requirements of oxidative addition and reductive elimination, respectively,and the spin crossover is essential for this electron transfer process. The triplet transition state was essential for achieving high regioselectivity through tuning the nonbonding interactions. These findings provide an important reference for understanding the effect of catalyst spin state on reaction. It is inspiring for the development of iron catalysts and other Earth-abundant metal catalysts, especially from the point of view of ligand development.

关键词： spin effect spin-delocalization spin crossover iron-catalysis alkyne hydrosilylation

Study on the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and heat source characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in summer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 117-133页

作者： Yujie LI Xiaoqing GAO Yaoming MA Zeyong hu Zhenchao LI Liwei yang Xiao jin Xiyin ZHOU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of Chinese Academy of Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Oceanic Meteorology Tianjin Institute of Meteorological ScienceTianjin 300074China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

There are many types of atmospheric heat engines in land-air *** accurate definition,calculation and interpretation of the efficiency of atmospheric heat engines are key to understanding energy transfer and transformation of landair *** atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)in summer can be regarded as a positive heat *** study of the heat engine efficiency is helpful to better understand land-air interaction and thermal-dynamic processes on the *** also provides a new perspective to explain the impact of the QTP on the climate of China,East Asia and even the *** this paper,we used MOD08 and ERA5 reanalysis data to calculate the atmospheric heat engine efficiency,surface heat source and atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer(May to September)from 2000 to *** average atmospheric heat engine efficiency on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 varies between 1.2%and 1.5%,which is less than 1.6%;the heat engine efficiency in summer is higher than that in June,July and August;the Qaidam Basin is the region with the highest atmospheric heat engine efficiency,followed by the western *** mean surface heat source on the QTP in summer from 2000 to 2020 is 96.0 W m^(−2),the atmospheric heat source is 90.7 W m^(−2),and the release of precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in *** is a strong and significant positive correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the surface heat source on the QTP in *** precipitation condensation latent heat is the most important component of the atmospheric heat source in summer and can reflect the precipitation *** is a strong and significant negative correlation between the atmospheric heat engine efficiency and the atmospheric heat source on the QTP in summer.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change Land-air system Atmospheric heat engine Heat source on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 443-456页

作者： Liulan Zhao Liangshun Cheng Yifang hu Xiaohui Li Yihui yang jin Mu Lianfeng Shen Guojun hu Kuo He Haoxiao Yan Qiao Liu Song yang College of Animal Science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University

High-carbohydrate(HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a lowcarbohydrate diet(9% starch)(LC), a high carbohydrate diet(18% starch)(HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA(HCSA), 2 g/kg SB(HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P<0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters(alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)(P<0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7(P<0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P<0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P<0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.

关键词： Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate High carbohydrate diet Endoplasmic reticulum stress Intestine health Lipid metabolism