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Will fire-smart landscape management buffer the effects of climate and land-use changes on fire regimes?

Ecological Processes 2024年第03期 212-231页

作者： ?ngelo sil Jo?o C.Azevedo Paulo M.Fernandes Jo?o P.Honrado CIBIO Centro de Investiga??o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos In BIO Laboratório Associado Campus de Vair?o Universidade do Porto BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land Planning CIBIO Campus de Vair?o Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Rua do Campo Alegre S/N CITAB-Centro de Investiga??o e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientaise Biológicas Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro CIMO-Centro de Investiga??o de Montanha Instituto Politécnico de Bragan?a Campus de Santa Apolónia Sus-TEC-Laboratório Associado Para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi?es de Montanha Instituto Politécnico de Bragan?a Campus de Santa Apolónia

Background Long-term farmland abandonment has increased fuel build-up in many Euro-Mediterranean mountainous regions. The high fuel hazard in these landscapes, combined with ongoing climate change, is increasing the frequency of extreme wildfires, thus altering contemporary fire regimes. Mitigating the loss of the landscape's capacity to regulate large and intense fires is crucial to prevent future harmful effects of fires. As such, effective strategies to manage these fire-prone landscapes are needed. Yet, further understanding of their performance under global change scenarios is required. This study assessed the effects of fire-smart management strategies on future landscape dynamics, fire regulation capacity(FRC), and fire regime in a Mediterranean fire-prone mountainous landscape in Portugal(30,650 ha) undergoing long-term land abandonment and climate change scenarios. For that, we applied the LANDIS-II model under climate change scenarios(RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and long-term farmland abandonment(2020–2050) according to three fire-smart management strategies focused on fire prevention compared with a business-asusual(BAU) strategy based on fire *** Future fire activity and land dynamics resulted in changes that fostered landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation and favoured fire-adapted forests and agroforestry systems while decreasing the dominance of shrublands and croplands. FRC decreased over time, particularly under RCP 8.5 and the BAU strategy. In turn, fire-smart strategies better prevented large and intense fires than the BAU strategy, but their effectiveness decreased under RCP 8.5. The loss of FRC resulted in increased burned area and fire frequency, which predicts a shift from contemporary fire regimes but more markedly under RCP 8.5 and in the BAU *** Fire-smart strategies outperformed BAU in averting current fire regime intensification. Merging forestand silvopasture-based management is the most promising approach in tami

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Nobiletin Prevents Body Weight Gain and Bone Loss in Ovariectomized C57BL/6J Mice

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第10期5卷 959-965页

作者： Young-sil Lee Midori Asai Sun-sil Choi Takayuki Yonezawa Toshiaki Teruya Kazuo Nagai Je-Tae Woo Byung-Yoon Cha Research Institute for Biological Functions Chubu University Kasugai Japan Faculty of Education University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan Department of Biological Chemistry Chubu University Kasugai Japan Department of Research and Development Erina Co. Inc. Tokyo Japan

Obesity and osteoporosis are associated with estrogen deficiency following menopause. Therefore, it is important to prevent and treat both disorders to maintain a healthy life in postmenopausal women. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone, exhibits various pharmacologic effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of nobiletin on obesity, obesity-related metabolic disorders, and bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Mice were divided into four groups and underwent sham operation or OVX. OVX mice were treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg nobiletin, or received vehicle alone (0.3% carboxyl methyl cellulose/0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide). Nobiletin decreased body weight gain and white adipose tissue weight in OVX mice. Nobiletin also decreased triglyceride levels, and tended to reduce plasma total cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally, nobiletin prevented the reduction in bone mineral density of the trabecular region of the femur in OVX mice. Taken together, our results suggest that nobiletin improves adiposity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prevents bone loss in OVX mice. Therefore, nobiletin is expected to have beneficial effects for the prevention and improvement of metabolic disorders and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

关键词： Nobiletin Ovariectomy Obesity Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Bone Mineral Density

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Signal transduction of bombesin-induced circular smooth muscle cell contraction in cat esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2259-2263页

作者： Sung-Uk Park Chang-Yell Shin Jung-Su Ryu Hyen-O La Sun-Young Park Hyun-Ju Song Young-sil Min Dong-Seok Kim Uy-Dong Sohn Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy Chung Ang UniversitySeoul 156-756Republic of Korea Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy Chung Ang UniversitySeoul 156-756Republic of Korea Research LaboratoryDong-A Pharm. Co. LtdYongin 449-905Kyunggi-DoRepublic of Korea Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine The Catholic University of KoreaSeoul 137-701Republic of Korea Research Division for Human Life Sciences Seoul National University 28 Yongon-DongChongno-GuSeoul 110-744Republic of Korea

AIM： To investigate the mechanism of bombesin-induced circular smooth muscle cell contraction in cat esophagus. METHODS： Specific G protein or phospholipase C involved in cat esophagus contraction was identified, muscle cells were permeabilized with saponin. After per- meabilization of muscle cells, the Gi3 antibody inhibited bombesin-induced smooth muscle cell contraction. RESULTS： Incubation of permeabilized circular muscle cells with PLC-β3 antibody could inhibit bombesin-induced contraction. H-7, chelerythrine （PKC inhibitor） and genistein （protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor） inhibited bombesin-induced contraction, but DAG kinase inhibitor, R59949, could not inhibit it. To examine which mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） was involved in bombesin-induced contTaction, the specific MAPK inhibitors （MEK inhibitor, PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190） were used. Preincubation of PD98059 blocked the contraction induced by bombesin in a concentration-dependent manner. However, SB202190 had no effects on contraction. CONCLUSION： Bombesin-induced circular muscle cell contraction in cat esophagus is mediated via a PKC or a PTK-dependent pathway or p44/p42 HAPK pathway.

关键词： Bombesin G protein Phospholipase C Protein kinase C Protein tyrosine kinase MAP Kinase Cell contraction

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Elimination of Surfactants and Small Dyes from Water with silicasupported Dendritic Amphiphiles

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第1期34卷 59-68页

作者： Feng Chen 万德成 Ming jin Hong-ting Pu Institute of Functional Polymers School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials(Tongji University) Ministry of EducationShanghai 201804China

silica-supported branched polyethylenimine（sil@PEI） is a conventional adsorbent and shows a limited affinity to anionic surfactants and small dyes（K = 106？107 L/mol）. If the PEI is alkylated with cetyl groups（C16）, the K of the resulting adsorbents（sil@PEI@C16-x, where x is the fraction of PEI units being alkylated） is significantly improved. Optimization shows that sil@PEI@C16-0.15 can best reduce aqueous surfactants to a residue around 10？10 mol/L; while sil@PEI@C16-0.6 can reduce even small aqueous dyes to a residue below 10？10 mol/L, nearly 105-fold lower than that by sil@PEI. The adsorbents are well recyclable. It is believed that in the case of dyes, the dense cetyl shell can isolate the PEI from the bulky water and thus suppress the competitive binding by water; while in the case of surfactants, the semiclosed cetyl shell can simultaneously meet electrostatic complement and hydrophobic complement to the surfactants.

关键词： Dendritic amphiphile Water treatment Adsorbent Micropollutant Support

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Experimental Study of Perfectly Patterned silica-Titania Optical Waveguide

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Photonic Sensors 2012年第1期2卷 81-91页

作者： Rimlee DEB ROY Devika sil Sunirmal JANA Prasanta Kumar BISWAS Shyamal Kumar BHADRA Fiber Optics & Photonics Division Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road Jadavpur Kolkata-700 032 India Sol-Gel Division Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute 196 Raja S. C. Mullick Road Jadavpur Kolkata-700 032 lndia Department of Chemistry Temple University Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

Inorganic silica-titania thin films with thicknesses 150 nm-200 nm are deposited on high purity and polished silicon wafer and silica glass substrates by sol-gel dipping process and are patterned by capillary force lithography technique. Subsequently grating structure is embossed in green stage. The patterned gel films are subjected to stepwise heat treatment to 500 ℃ and above in pure oxygen atmosphere in order to achieve major conversion of mixed-gel to oxide optical films which are characterized by Ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and atomic force microscopy （AFM） to optimize the fabrication parameters and to get perfectly matched film. Removal of organics and formation of perfectly inorganic silica-titania network at optimized heat treatment in controlled environment are ensured by FTIR spectral study. The difference in refractive indices between the substrate and coated film as developed waveguides for operating wavelength show the planar waveguide behavior of the films. calculated theoretically matches exactly with the （632.8 nm） and the measured optical properties

关键词： Optical properties sol-gel technique thin films oxides

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Changes in land use/cover mapped over 80 years in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第10期28卷 1538-1559页

作者： ETEFA Guyassa Amaury FRANKL sil LANCKRIET BIADGILGN Demissie GEBREYOHANNES Zenebe AMANUEL Zenebe Jean POESEN Jan NYSSEN Department of Geography Ghent University Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mekelle University Institute of Geo-information and Earth Observation Sciences Mekelle University Division of Geography Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Despite many studies on land degradation in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia, quantitative information regarding long-term changes in land use/cover(LUC) is rare. Hence, this study aims to investigate the LUC changes in the Geba catchment(5142 km2), Northern Ethiopia, over 80 years(1935–2014). Aerial photographs(APs) of the 1930 s and Google Earth(GE) images(2014) were used. The point-count technique was utilized by overlaying a grid on APs and GE images. The occurrence of cropland, forest, grassland, shrubland, bare land, built-up areas and water body was counted to compute their fractions. A multivariate adaptive regression spline was applied to identify the explanatory factors of LUC and to create fractional maps of LUC. The results indicate significant changes of most types, except for forest and cropland. In the 1930 s, shrubland(48%) was dominant, followed by cropland(39%). The fraction of cropland in 2014(42%) remained approximately the same as in the 1930 s, while shrubland significantly dropped to 37%. Forests shrank further from a meagre 6.3% in the 1930 s to 2.3% in 2014. High overall accuracies(93% and 83%) and strong Kappa coefficients(89% and 72%) for point counts and fractional maps respectively indicate the validity of the techniques used for LUC mapping.

关键词： fractional map Google Earth land use/cover multivariate adaptive regression Italian aerial photographs

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Malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 89-99页

作者： Sungjin Chung Eun sil Koh Seok Joon Shin Cheol Whee Park Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea

Malnutrition is a major issue in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), adversely affecting morbidity, mortality, functional activity and patients’ quality of life. Our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of malnutrition in patients with CKD, including endstage renal disease, has been improved. This has led to the development of clinical practice guidelines for nutritional care in CKD which provide a framework for the nutritional issues facing patients and physiccians. Extensive research in the field of nutrition in patients with CKD has resulted in the formation of general guidelines, although some uncertainties still exist on some of the best therapeutic or preventive options in uremic malnutrition. It is important to search actively for malnutrition since early diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis for CKD patients and reduce the monetary costs connected with treatment.

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease End-Stage Renal Disease Inflammation Malnutrition

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Krill oil ameliorates benign prostatic hyperplasia by regulating G1-phase cell cycle arrest and altering signaling pathways and benign prostatic hyperplasia-associated markers

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第6期13卷 3311-3324页

作者： Hoon Kim Jongyeob Kim Byungdoo Hwang Sang Yong Park Ji-Yeon Shin Eun Byeol Go Jae sil Kim Youngjin Roh Soon Chul Myung Seok-Joong Yun Yung Hyun Choi Wun-Jae Kim Sung-Kwon Moon Department of Food and Nutrition Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong 17546Republic of Korea SD Biotechnologies Seoul 07793Republic of Korea Department of Urology College of MedicineChung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Department of Urology Chungbuk National UniversityChungbuk 361-763Republic of Korea Department of Biochemistry College of Oriental MedicineDongeui UniversityBusan 47340Republic of Korea Institute of Urotech CheongjuChungcheongbuk-do 361-763Republic of Korea

Krill oil(KO)exhibits various biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor ***,the inhibitory effects of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)in vitro and in vivo have not yet been *** study investigated the anti-BPH effects of KO extracted by an enzymatic hydrolysis *** treatment inhibited the proliferation of WMPY-1 and BPH-1 cells by induction of G0/G1 phase arrest through the modulation of positive and negative regulators in both prostate cell *** treatment stimulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and p38 *** addition,KO changed the expression of BPH-related markers(5α-reductase,androgen receptor,FGF,Bcl-2,and Bax)and the activity of the proliferation-mediated NF-κB binding ***-induced levels of proliferation-mediated molecules of prostate cells were attenuated in the presence of siRNA-specific p-38(si-p38)and JNK(si-JNK).Furthermore,the administration of KO alleviated prostate size and weight and the cell layer thickness of prostate glands in a testosterone enanthate-induced BPH rat *** treatment altered the level of dihydrotestosterone in serum and the expression levels of BPH-related markers in prostate ***,KO-mediated inhibition of prostatic growth was validated by histological *** results suggest that KO has an inhibitory effect on BPH in prostate cells in vitro and in ***,KO might be a potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent for patients with BPH.

关键词： Proliferation G0/G1-phase cell cycle NF-κB Dihydrotestosterone

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分娩的“科学”:西方无痛分娩法与民国时期的产痛表述

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复旦学报（社会科学版） 2022年第3期64卷 47-58页

作者： [韩]俞莲实韩国国立木浦大学史学科韩国全罗南道

作为一种经验的产痛在近代中国的历史脉络中被重新建构与再现的情况颇值得关注。随着近代西方医学的进入,有关中国女性的生育知识逐步被医学化,产痛于是成为一个被重点关注的医学对象。在西方麻醉无痛分娩法倡导者看来,女性忍受产痛是... 详细信息

作为一种经验的产痛在近代中国的历史脉络中被重新建构与再现的情况颇值得关注。随着近代西方医学的进入,有关中国女性的生育知识逐步被医学化,产痛于是成为一个被重点关注的医学对象。在西方麻醉无痛分娩法倡导者看来,女性忍受产痛是“非科学”和“受到压迫”的标志,而无痛分娩法则呈现了“科学”与“女性解放”的意义。不过在20世纪40年代自然无痛分娩法被引入到中国后,产痛又被描述成一种因文化而形成的“偏见”,分娩变成了自然的生理活动,产痛被建构为母亲的荣光,而对产痛的医疗干预则变成了“坏科学”。类似这样的认识,非但没有打破传统中国父权社会确立下来的男女关系的二元对立格局,反而愈加强化了既有的男女权力关系格局和女性在民族国家中的从属地位。

关键词：产痛无痛分娩麻醉剂自然分娩女性解放母性

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LOW-VALENT TITANIUM INDUCED REDUCTIVE CROSS-COUPLING REACTION OF ESTERS WITH DIARYL KETONES

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1993年第11期4卷 941-942页

作者： Da Qing sil Department of Chemistry, Xuzhou Teachers College, Xuzhou 221009 Wei Xing CHEN Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Universit.y, Nanjing 210008

The intermotecular coupling reaction of esters with diarvl ketones induced by titanium tetrachtoride and zinc powder was studied.

关键词： Chen Zn Hs LOW-VALENT TITANIUM INDUCED REDUCTIVE CROSS-COUPLING REACTION OF ESTERS WITH DIARYL KETONES

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