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Efficient micrometer-scale thick-film perovskite solar cells with superior stability

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1647-1657页

作者： jian-fei Hu Gang Chen Shun-Zhang Yu Yue-Xin Lin Kai-Yu Wang Zong-Wei Li Guo-dong Zhang Teng-fei Pan Ya-Jing Li Ming-Jie Li Ying-dong Xia Yi-Fan Lv Yong-Hua Chen Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)Nanjing Tech University(NanjingTech)Nanjing211816China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China Shenzhen Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityShenzhen518057China Optics Valley Laboratory Hubei430074China

It is essential to enhance the thickness of the absorber layer for perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to improve device performance and reduce industry ***,thick perovskite films(>1μm)are difficult to be fabricated by employing traditional solvents,such as N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO).Besides,it is a challenge to fabricate thick-film perovskite owing to the deteriorated surface morphology and serious defect ***,a simple method was reported to deposit uniform pinhole-free perovskite films with a thickness of more than 2μm utilizing the methylamine acetate(MAAc)ionic liquid as the *** with methylammonium chloride(MACl)as an additive,thick-film perovskite with~2μm in grain size and few grain boundaries(GBs)was prepared,which dramatically improved the perovskite crystal quality and enhanced carrier transport *** final PSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 20.16%.The device showed improved stability with 95%of its initial efficiency in a nitrogen environment over 5000 *** work provides an alternative strategy to produce extremely efficient and stable thick-film *** can be believed that this device has great potential in the application of large areas and laminated PSCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Thick-film Stability Ionic liquid

A review of reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 384-409页

作者： Kun Zhang Xiong-fei Liu Dao-Bing Wang Bo Zheng Tun-Hao Chen Qing Wang Hao Bai Er-dong Yao Fu-jian Zhou National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Petrochemical TechnologyBeijing102617China Tuha Downhole Operation Company CNPC Xibu Drilling Engineering Company LimitedShanshan838200XinjiangChina

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have gradually become the primary focus of hydrocarbon exploration as a result of a series of significant discoveries in deep hydrocarbon exploration *** reservoirs present unique challenges due to their deep burial depth(4500-8882 m),low matrix permeability,complex crustal stress conditions,high temperature and pressure(HTHP,150-200℃,105-155 MPa),coupled with high salinity of formation ***,the costs associated with their exploitation and development are exceptionally *** deep and ultra-deep reservoirs,hydraulic fracturing is commonly used to achieve high and stable *** hydraulic fracturing,a substantial volume of fluid is injected into the ***,statistical analysis reveals that the flowback rate is typically less than 30%,leaving the majority of the fluid trapped within the ***,hydraulic fracturing in deep reservoirs not only enhances the reservoir permeability by creating artificial fractures but also damages reservoirs due to the fracturing fluids *** challenging“three-high”environment of a deep reservoir,characterized by high temperature,high pressure,and high salinity,exacerbates conventional forms of damage,including water sensitivity,retention of fracturing fluids,rock creep,and proppant *** addition,specific damage mechanisms come into play,such as fracturing fluid decomposition at elevated temperatures and proppant diagenetic reactions at HTHP ***,the foremost concern in deep oil and gas development lies in effectively assessing the damage inflicted on these reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing,comprehending the underlying mechanisms,and selecting appropriate ***'s noteworthy that the majority of existing studies on reservoir damage primarily focus on conventional reservoirs,with limited attention given to deep reservoirs and a lack of systematic *** light of this,our approach entails initially summarizin

关键词： Artificial fracture Deep and ultra-deep reservoir Fracture conductivity Fracturing fluid Hydraulic fracturing Reservoir damage

NAD(P)H inspired CO_(2) reduction and beyond

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1044-1046页

作者： Wenjin dong jian Liu Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShandong Energy InstituteQingdao 266101China

The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and valueadded chemicals under mild conditions is recognized as a promising strategy to alleviate the energy *** the Calvin cycle of natural photosynthesis,CO_(2)reduction is achieved using cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH)as a practical catalyst,shedding light on the biomimetic metal-free reduction of CO_(2).

关键词： dioxide dinucleotide catalyst

An improved analysis method for assessing the nuclear-heating impact on the stability of toroidal field magnets in fusion reactors

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第6期35卷 163-176页

作者： Yu-dong Lu Jin-Xing Zheng Xu-Feng Liu Huan Wu jian Ge Kun Xu Ming Li Hai-Yang Liu Lei Zhu fei Liu Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

The superconducting magnet system of a fusion reactor plays a vital role in plasma confinement,a process that can be dis-rupted by various operational factors.A critical parameter for evaluating the temperature margin of superconducting magnets during normal operation is the nuclear heating caused by D-T *** study investigates the impact of nuclear heat-ing on a superconducting magnet system by employing an improved analysis method that combines neutronics and thermal *** the magnet system,toroidal field(TF)magnets are positioned closest to the plasma and bear the highest nuclear-heat load,making them prime candidates for evaluating the influence of nuclear heating on *** enhance the modeling accuracy and facilitate design modifications,a parametric TF model that incorporates heterogeneity is established to expedite the optimization design process and enhance the accuracy of the computations.A comparative analysis with a homogeneous TF model reveals that the heterogeneous model improves accuracy by over 12%.Considering factors such as heat load,magnetic-field strength,and cooling conditions,the cooling circuit facing the most severe conditions is selected to calculate the temperature of the *** selection streamlines the workload associated with thermal-hydraulic *** approach enables a more efficient and precise evaluation of the temperature margin of TF ***,it offers insights that can guide the optimization of both the structure and cooling strategy of superconducting magnet systems.

关键词： Superconducting magnet Nuclear heating Neutronics Thermal hydraulics

Strength and ductility optimization of HPDC AlSi8MgCuZn2 alloys by modifying pre-aging treatment

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China Foundry 2024年第4期21卷 343-351页

作者： Yuan-hang jiang Hui-ting Zheng fei Liu Hai-dong Zhao National Engineering Research Center of Near-net Shape Forming for Metallic Materials South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Considering the components produced by high pressure die casting(HPDC)process usually with ultra-large sizes and complex morphologies,high temperature solid solution treatment is not a suitable method to further improve their mechanical *** this study,two-stage aging treatment with different pre-aging times was designed and employed to further improve the mechanical properties of HPDC Al8SiMgCuZn *** characteristics of precipitates were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope(TEM),and the precipitation strengthening mechanism was *** results reveal that the strengthening is mainly contributed by the precipitation ofβ″phase after two-stage aging,and the number density and size of the precipitates are significantly depended on the pre-aging *** number density of precipitates is increased with the pre-aging time prolonged from 0 h to 4 h,and then decreases with the further increase of pre-aging time from 4 h to 6 *** precipitates with the highest density and smallest size are observed after pre-aging for 4 *** pre-aged at 100℃for 4 h and then artificial aged at 200℃for 30 min,the yield strength of 207 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 325 MPa and elongation of 7.6%are achieved.

关键词： high pressure die cast aluminum alloy microstructural heterogeneity mechanical properties precipitation strengthening two-stage aging

Nanopore design of sulfur doped hollow carbon nanospheres for superior potassium-ion battery anodes

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2103-2114页

作者： Zhen-dong Liu Hui-Yan Feng Yu-Chen Wang fei Wang Yue Liu jian-Xiao Yang Yue Gu Jun Tan Chong Ye Cheng-Zhi Zhang Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan 528000China School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Sulfur doped carbonaceous materials are promising anodes for potassium-ion batteries because of their ability to bridge active sites and induce C/S electron coupling,resulting in increased ion storage capacitance However,the large potassium ions could cause significant volume expansion and structure collapse during operation in sulfur doped carbonaceous anodes,which lead to rapidly capacity sacrifice during long-term *** design for anchoring sulfur atom in carbon skeleton is a novel way to alleviate the structure collapse and maintain the cycling ***,this study developed a controlled nanopore and sulfur doped carbon sphere structure(S-NPHCSs).In potassium-ion batteries S-NPHCSs anode demonstrated exceptional performance with a high reversible capacity of 247 mAh·g^(–1)after 50 cycles at 0.2 A·g^(–1)and delivered a long cycle stability of 600 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A·g^(–1).Interconnected nanopores and doped sulfur structure not only expand the accumulation space and offer ample active sites for diffusion and adsorption of potassium ions,but also build stable channels through nanopore structure to ensure the cyclic *** finding provides a fundamental theory for designing nanopore structures and introducing sulfur doped carbonaceous materials to enhance capacitive potassium storage and long cycle stability.

关键词： Nanopore Carbon materials Sulfur doping Anode Potassium-ionbatteries

SP-141 targets Trs85 to inhibit rice blast fungus infection and functions as a potential broadspectrum antifungal agent

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Plant Communications 2024年第2期5卷 169-184页

作者： Xi-Yu Wu Bo dong Xue-Ming Zhu Ying-Ying Cai Lin Li jian-Ping Lu Bin Yu Jing-Li Cheng fei Xu jian-dong Bao Ying Wang Xiao-Hong Liu Fu-Cheng Lin State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Institute of Plant Protection and MicrobiologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science College of MedicineThe University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA Markey Cancer Center College of MedicineThe University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40506USA College of Life Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and InsectsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Edible Fungi Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai 201106ShanghaiChina

Rice blast is a devastating disease worldwide,threatening rice production and food *** blast fun-gus Magnaporthe oryzae invades the host via the appressorium,a specialized pressure-generating struc-ture that generates enormous turgor pressure to penetrate the host ***,owing to ongoing evolution of fungicide resistance,it is vitally important to identify new targets and ***,we show that Trs85,a subunit of the transport protein particle III complex,is essential for appressorium-mediated infection in *** explain how Trs85 regulates autophagy through Ypt1(a small guano-sine triphosphatase protein)in *** then identify a key conserved amphipathic a helix within Trs85 that is associated with pathogenicity of *** computer-aided screening,we identify a lead compound,SP-141,that affects autophagy and the Trs85–Ypt1 ***-141 demonstrates a substantial capacity to effectively inhibit infection caused by the rice blast fungus while also exhibiting wide-ranging potential as an antifungal agent with broad-spectrum *** together,our data show that Trs85 is a potential new target and that SP-141 has potential for the control of rice *** thus provide a novel strategy that may help in thefight against rice blast.

关键词： Magnaporthe oryzae rice blast TRAPPIII complex trs85 fungicide

Multiparameter Numerical Investigation of Two Types of Moving Interactions Between the Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle Track Plate and Seabed Soil:Digging and Rotating Motions

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 408-423页

作者： SUN Peng-fei LYU Hai-ning YANG jian-min XU Zhi-yong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySanya 572024China Institute of Marine Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

To ensure the safe performance of deep-sea mining vehicles(DSMVs),it is necessary to study the mechanical characteristics of the interaction between the seabed soil and the track *** rotation and digging motions of the track plate are important links in the contact between the driving mechanism of the DSMV and seabed *** this study,a numerical simulation is conducted using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian(CEL)large deformation numerical method to investigate the interaction between the track plate of the DSMV and the seabed soil under two working conditions:rotating condition and digging ***,a soil numerical model is established based on the elastoplastic mechanical characterization using the basic physical and mechanical properties of the seabed soil obtained by in situ ***,the soil disturbance mechanism and the dynamic mechanical response of the track plate under rotating and digging conditions are obtained through the analysis of the sensitivity of the motion parameters,the grouser structure,the layered soil features and the soil *** results indicate that the above parameters remarkably influence the interaction between the DSMV and the seabed ***,it is important to consider the rotating and digging motion of the DSMV in practical engineering to develop a detailed optimization design of the track plate.

关键词： deep-sea mining vehicle rotating motion digging motion track plate-seabed soil interaction CEL numerical method

Evaluating the performance and influencing factors of three portable black carbon monitors for field measurement

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 320-333页

作者： Liqing Wu Yicheng Shen fei Che Yuzhe Zhang jian Gao Chong Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Jinan Ecological Environmental Protection Grid-Based Supervision Center Jinan 250013China

Black carbon(BC)is associated with adverse human health and climate *** BC spatial distribution imperatively requires low-cost and portable *** portable BC monitors are commercially available,but their accuracy and reliability are not always satisfactory during continuous field *** study evaluated three models of portable black carbon monitors,C12,MA350 and DST,and investigates the factors that affect their *** monitors were tested in urban Beijing,where portable devices running for one month alongside a regular-size reference aethalometer *** study considers several factors that could influence the monitors'performance,including ambient weather,aerosol composition,loading artifacts,and built-in *** results show that MA350and DST present considerable discrepancies to the reference instrument,mainly occurring at lower concentrations(0-500 ng/m^(3))and higher concentrations(2500-8000 ng/m^(3)),*** discrepancies were likely caused by the anomalous noise of MA350 and the loading artifacts of *** study also suggests that the ambient environment has limited influence on the monitors'performance,but loading artifacts and accompanying compensation algorithms can result in unrealistic *** on the evaluation,the study suggests that C12 is the best choice for unsupervised field measurement,DST should be used in scenarios where frequent maintenance is available,and MA350 is suitable for research purposes with post-processing *** study highlights the importance of assigning portable BC monitors to appropriate applications and the need for optimized real-time compensation algorithms.

关键词： Black carbon Aethalometer Loading artifact Performance evaluation Portable device