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The role of GSK3beta in the development of the central nervous system

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 212-220页

作者： jia luo Department of Internal Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington KY 40536 USA

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β（GSK3β） is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase. It is particularly abundant in the developing central nervous system （CNS）. Since GSK3β has diverse substrates ranging from metabolic/ signaling proteins and structural proteins to transcription factors, it is involved in many developmental events in the immature brain, such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration, differentiation and survival. The activity of GSK3β is developmentally regulated and is affected by various environmental/cellular insults, such as deprivation of nutrients/ trophic factors, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Abnormalities in GSK3β activity may disrupt CNS development. Therefore, GSK3β is a critical signaling protein that regulates brain development. It may also determine neuronal susceptibility to damages caused by various environmental insults.

关键词： development differentiation neurogenesis proliferation

Gut microbiota in antiviral strategy from bats to humans:a missing link in COVID-19

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 942-956页

作者： jia luo Shan Liang Feng Jin Department of Psychology Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Bats are a potential natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 virus and other viruses detrimental to *** evidence has shown that,in their adaptation to a flight-based lifestyle,remodeling of the gut microbiota in bats may have contributed to immune tolerance to *** evidence from bats provides profound insights into the potential influence of gut microbiota in COVID-19 disease in ***,we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota helps bats tolerate deadly viruses,and summarize the current clinical evidence on the influence of gut microbiota on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk of COVID-19 leading to a fatal *** addition,we discuss the implications of gut microbiota-targeted approaches for preventing infection and reducing disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 gut microbiota bat anti-inflammatory antiviral

Seasonal Prediction of Summer Precipitation over East Africa Using NUIST-CFS1.0

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第3期39卷 355-372,553-557页

作者： Temesgen Gebremariam ASFAW Jing-jia luo Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CICFEM/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Ethiopia

East Africa is particularly vulnerable to precipitation variability, as the livelihood of much of the population depends on rainfed agriculture. Seasonal forecasts of the precipitation anomalies, when skillful, can therefore improve implementation of coping mechanisms with respect to food security and water management. This study assesses the performance of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUISTCFS1.0) on forecasting June–September(JJAS) seasonal precipitation anomalies over East Africa. The skill in predicting the JJAS mean precipitation initiated from 1 May for the period of 1982–2019 is evaluated using both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics on grid cell and over six distinct clusters. The results show that NUIST-CFS1.0 captures the spatial pattern of observed seasonal precipitation climatology, albeit with dry and wet biases in a few parts of the region. The model has positive skill across a majority of Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, whereas it doesn’t exceed the skill of climatological forecasts in parts of Sudan and southeastern Ethiopia. Positive forecast skill is found over regions where the model shows better performance in reproducing teleconnections related to oceanic SST. The prediction performance of NUIST-CFS1.0 is found to be on a level that is potentially useful over a majority of East Africa.

关键词： East Africa seasonal precipitation forecasts probabilistic verification ensemble prediction

Marine Boundary Layer Heights in the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Derived from COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Data

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 1058-1072页

作者： Xiaohua XU Yadi LI jia luo School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology 129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of Education129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China

Using the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and radio occultation(RO) refractivity data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate-2(COSMIC-2) mission from January 2020 to December 2021, the spatial and temporal variability of Marine Boundary Layer Heights(MBLHs) over the tropical and subtropical oceans are investigated. The MBLH detection method is based on the wavelet covariance transform(WCT)algorithm, while the distinctness(DT) parameter, which reflects the significance of the maximum WCT function values, is introduced. For the refractivity profiles with indistinct maximum WCT function values, the available surrounding ROderived MBLHs are used as auxiliary information, which helps to improve the objectiveness of the inversion process. The RO-derived MBLHs are validated with the MBLHs derived from the collocated high-vertical-resolution radiosonde observations, and the seasonal distributions of the RO-derived MBLHs are presented. Further comparisons of the magnitudes and the distributions of the RO-derived MBLHs with those derived from two model datasets, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analyses and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) Aviation(AVN) 12-hour forecast data, reveal that although high correlations exist between the RO-derived and the model-derived MBLHs, the model-derived ones are generally lower than the RO-derived ones in most parts of the tropics and sub-tropic ocean areas during different seasons, which should be partially attributed to the limited vertical resolutions of the model datasets. The correlation analyses between the MBLHs and near-surface wind speeds demonstrate that over the Pacific Ocean, near-surface wind speed is an important factor that influences the variations of the MBLHs.

关键词： MBLH COSMIC-2 GNSS RO WCT algorithm

Downscaling Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts over East Africa with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 449-464页

作者： Temesgen Gebremariam ASFAW Jing-jia luo Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CIC-FEMD/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Ethiopia

This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September(JJAS) precipitation from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUIST-CFS1.0) for 1982–2020. We also perform hyper-parameter optimization and introduce predictors over a larger area to include information about the main large-scale circulations that drive precipitation over the East Africa region, which improves the downscaling results. Finally, we validate the raw model and downscaled forecasts in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, as well as their ability to reproduce the observed precipitation extreme and spell indicator indices. The results show that the CNN-based downscaling consistently improves the raw model forecasts, with lower bias and more accurate representations of the observed mean and extreme precipitation spatial patterns. Besides, CNN-based downscaling yields a much more accurate forecast of extreme and spell indicators and reduces the significant relative biases exhibited by the raw model predictions. Moreover, our results show that CNN-based downscaling yields better skill scores than the raw model forecasts over most portions of East Africa. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of CNN in downscaling seasonal precipitation predictions over East Africa,particularly in providing improved forecast products which are essential for end users.

关键词： East Africa seasonal precipitation forecasting downscaling deep learning convolutional neural networks(CNNs)

The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Global Stratospheric GravityWaves and Their Activity during Sudden StratosphericWarming Revealed by COSMIC Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第12期35卷 1533-1546页

作者： Xiaohua XU Daocheng YU jia luo School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Technology 129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy Ministry of Education129 Luoyu RoadWuhan 430079China

This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of global stratospheric gravity waves(GWs) and the characteristics of GW activity during sudden stratospheric warming(SSW) using the GPS radio occultation measurements from the COSMIC mission during September 2006 to May 2013. Corresponding to the COSMIC RO observational window and analysis method,GW potential energy(Ep) with vertical scales no shorter than ～2 km is resolved. It is found that the distributions of GW Ep over 20-30 km and 30-38 km show similar spatial and seasonal variations. The variations of GW Ep with altitude and latitude along the westerly wind are identified in different seasons over 60°-80°W. In the middle and high latitudes,seasonal cycles are distinct in the time-latitude and time-altitude distributions of GW activities,which show larger Ep in winters when westerly wind dominates and smaller Ep in summers when easterly wind dominates. The influence of quasi-biennial oscillation on GW activity is recognized in the tropics. GW Ep enhances closely following the occurrence of minor SSW events; while during major events, GW Ep may not enhance, and sometimes may even weaken,in the regions where reversals of zonal wind occur, probably caused by the filtering impact of the 0 ms^(-1) wind level on the GWs.

关键词： stratospheric gravity waves GPS radio occultation COSMIC potential energy sudden stratospheric warming

Gut microbiota and healthy longevity

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 2590-2602页

作者： jia luo Shan Liang Feng Jin College of Psychology Sichuan Normal University Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Recent progress on the underlying biological mechanisms of healthy longevity has propelled the field from elucidating genetic modification of healthy longevity hallmarks to defining mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing it. Importantly, the role of gut microbiota in the healthy longevity of the host may provide unprecedented opportunities to decipher the plasticity of lifespan on a natural evolutionary scale and shed light on using microbiota-targeted strategies to promote healthy aging and combat age-related diseases. This review investigates how gut microbiota affects healthy longevity, focusing on the mechanisms through which gut microbiota modulates it. Specifically, we focused on the ability of gut microbiota to enhance the intestinal barrier integrity, provide protection from inflammaging, ameliorate nutrientsensing pathways, optimize mitochondrial function, and improve defense against age-related diseases, thus participating in enhancing longevity and healthspan.

关键词： gut microbiota longevity healthy aging short-chain fatty acids tryptophan metabolites bile acids

Spectral Representation and Analysis of the KBR Precision Based on the Earth Gravity Spectrum

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2005年第3期8卷 205-208,219页

作者： luo jia NING Jinsheng luo Zhicai School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University Wuhan China

Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking in low-low model （SST-Ⅱ） is a new technique to resolve the series of problems met in the determination of the earth＇s gravity field. As the key technique of SST-Ⅱ, KBR can get SST-Ⅱ measurements directly. So the KBR performance analysis is the first step in SST-Ⅱ design. In this paper, assuming that the satellite pairs of SST-Ⅱ are in near circle polar orbits, the spectrum relationship between the earth gravity field and KBR is established using analytic method. And then some examples are analyzed, the suggestions and conclusions are drawn from these examples. The research results could be taken as a reference for future satellite gravity project of China.

关键词： SST-Ⅱ KBR earth gravity field spectrum

Seasonal Forecasts of Precipitation during the First Rainy Season in South China Based on NUIST-CFS1.0

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第10期40卷 1895-1910页

作者： Sinong LI Huiping YAN Jing-jia luo Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CIC-FEMD/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Current dynamical models experience great difficulties providing reliable seasonal forecasts of regional/local rainfall in South *** study evaluates seasonal forecast skill for precipitation in the first rainy season(FRS,i.e.,April–June)over South China from 1982 to 2020 based on the global real-time Climate Forecast System of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST-CFS1.0,previously known as SINTEX-F).The potential predictability and the practical forecast skill of NUIST-CFS1.0 for FRS precipitation remain low in *** NUIST-CFS1.0 still performs better than the average of nine international models in terms of correlation coefficient skill in predicting the interannual precipitation anomaly and its related circulation ***-CFS1.0 captures the anomalous Philippines anticyclone,which transports moisture and heat northward to South China,favoring more precipitation in South China during the *** examining the correlations between sea surface temperature(SST)and FRS precipitation and the Philippines anticyclone,we find that the model reasonably captures SST-associated precipitation and circulation anomalies,which partly explains the predictability of FRS precipitation.A dynamical downscaling model with 30-km resolution forced by the large-scale circulations of the NUIST-CFS1.0 predictions could improve forecasts of the climatological states and extreme precipitation *** results also reveal interesting interdecadal changes in the predictive skill for FRS precipitation in South China based on the NUIST-CFS1.0 *** results help improve the understanding and forecasts for FRS precipitation in South China.

关键词： seasonal forecast of precipitation first rainy season in South China global climate model prediction