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Imaging Excited-state Dynamics in Two-Dimensional semiconductors with Emerging Ultrafast Measurement Techniques

Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第2期2卷 75-85页

作者： Joshua Reding Wei Zhang jeremy Allam Advanced Technology Institute University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUnited Kingdom

CONsPECTUs:Two-dimensional halide perovskites(HPs)and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are two families of direct band gap semiconductors of particular interest for their unique structural and optoelectronic *** materials confine the motion of charge carriers to a single plane which increases the exciton binding energy,increases the stability of multibody particles,and decreases *** great progress in recent years,the widespread understanding of fundamental properties of these materials is limited by a number of remaining issues including(i)the effects of Rashba splitting and intravalley dynamics on recombination lifetimes;(ii)the effects of passivation of photoinduced and substrate-induced defects on trap state recombination(iii)the contribution of lattice variations and phase transitions on material *** properties influence the material and electronic dynamics on time scales in the range of femtoseconds to nanoseconds,and as such,they require equally fast measurements in order to be *** this perspective,three particular ultrafast pump−probe measurement techniques are highlighted for their ability to provide crucial insights into these unresolved ***-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy(TRCDs)uses circularly polarized beams to selectively populate and interrogate carriers in spin split valleys,investigate Rashba splitting,and explore valley *** have been mixed results showing Rashba splitting using TRCDs to study pure 2D HPs,though it has successfully shown the splitting in quasi-2D perovskites with an even number of layers and HPs using chiral organic *** monolayer TMDs,it has been used extensively to study spin selective valley dynamics,trion and biexciton dynamics,and now the focus turns to investigating Janus ***-resolved photoemission microscopy uses an ionizing probe beam to eject electrons which are then measured to map defects caused by photoexcitation,subst

关键词： properties. dynamics. splitting

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Universal soldier： Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- an opportunistic generalist

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第4期8卷 387-394页

作者： jeremy GROss Ian J. PAssMORE Jade C. s. CHUNG Olena RZHEPIsHEVsKA Madeleine RAMsTEDT Martin WELCH Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1QW UK Department of Chemistry Umed University Umed 901 87 Sweden

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes chronic and ultimately deadly lung infections in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis （CF）. P. aeruginosa is metabolically diverse; it displays a remarkable ability to adapt to and successfully occupy almost any niche, including the ecologically complex CF lung. These P. aeruginosa lung infections are a fascinating example of microbial evolution within a ＂natural＂ ecosystem. Initially, P. aeruginosa shares the lung niche with a plethora of other microorganisms and is vulnerable to antibiotic challenges. Over time, adaptive evolution leads to certain commonly-observed phenotypic changes within the P. aeruginosa population, some of which render it resistant to antibiotics and apparently help it to out-compete the other species that co-habit the airways. Improving genomics techniques continue to elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms of P. aeruginosa within the CF lung and will hopefully identify new vulnerabilities in this robust and versatile pathogen.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis evolution adaptive radiation antibiotic resistance quorum sensing

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Design and operational considerations for selective catalytic reduction technologies at coal-fired boilers

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Frontiers in Energy 2012年第1期6卷 98-105页

作者： jeremy J.sCHREIFELs shuxiao WANG Jiming HAO school of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

By the end of 2010, China had approximately 650 GW of coal-fired electric generating capacity producing almost 75% of the country＇s total electricity generation. As a result of the heavy reliance on coal for electricity generation, emissions of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides （NOx）, are increasing. To address these growing emissions, the Ministry of Environmental Protection （MEP） has introduced new NOx emission control policies to encourage the installation of selective catalytic reduction （sCR） technologies on a large number of coalfired electric power plants. There is, however, limited experience with sCR in China. It is therefore useful to explore the lessons from the use of sCR technologies in other countries. This paper provides an overview of sCR technology performance at coal-fired electric power plants demonstrating emission removal rates between 65% and 92%. It also reviews the design and operational challenges that, if not addressed, can reduce the reliability, performance, and cost-effectiveness of sCR technologies. These challenges include heterogeneous flue gas conditions, catalyst degradation, ammonia slip, sulfur trioxide （sO3） formation, and fouling and corrosion of plant equipment. As China and the rest of the world work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions from parasitic load and urea-to-ammonia conversion may also become more important. If these challenges are properly addressed, sCR can reliably and effectively remove up to 90% of NOx emissions at coal-fired power plants.

关键词： nitrogen oxides (NOx) coal selective catalytic reduction (sCR) air pollution control

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Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第4期15卷 329-337页

作者： Ian T.CLIFTON jeremy D.CHAMBERLAIN Matthew E.GIFFORD Department of Biology University of Central ArkansasConwayArkansasUSA Department of Biology Southern Arkansas UniversityMagnoliaArkansasUSA Department of Environmental sciences University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA

An individual’s morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences,and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental(non-genetic)conditions experienced early in its life(*** plasticity).The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important,but evidence for its influence is often *** exposed female neonate diamond-backed watersnakes(Nerodia rhombifer)from populations experiencing different prey-size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic *** found that snakes in a large-prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small-prey treatment from the same *** pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small *** also found that regardless of treatment,snakes from the smallprey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large-prey population and remained so throughout the *** results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population*** results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.

关键词： common garden diamond-backed watersnake local adaptation phenotypic plasticity trophic morphology

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Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 163-176页

作者： Jeffrey L Vallet Anthony K Mc Neel jeremy R Miles Bradley A Freking U.s. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service U.S. Meat Animal Research CenterState Spur 18D Clay Center NE 68933 USA

Litter size and birth weights are limited by uterine capacity, defined as the ability of the uterus to maintain the appropriate development of some number of conceptuses. Uterine capacity is the result of the combined effects of uterine, placental and embryo/fetal function. The number of living conceptuses that the uterus is capable of supporting is greater during early gestation compared to later gestation. Plots of log fetal weight versus log placental weight also indicate that fetal weights are less sensitive to reduced placental weight （and therefore reduced intrauterine space） in early gestation compared to late gestation. However, even in late gestation, mechanisms still exist that maintain fetal growth when the size of the placenta is reduced. One such mechanism is likely to be improved development of the folded placental-epithelial/maternal-epithelial bilayer. Fold depth, and therefore the maternal fetal interactive surface, increases as gestation advances and is greater in placenta from smal fetuses. On the fetal side of the placenta, the epithelial bilayer is embedded in stromal tissue. Glycosaminoglycans are major components of stroma, including hyaluronan and heparan sulfate. Hyaluronidases and heparanases are present within placental tissues, and likely play roles in modification of stromal components to facilitate fold development. Glycosaminoglycans are polymers of forms of glucose （glucosamine, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid） suggesting that glycosaminoglycan synthesis may compete with the glucose needs of the developing fetus. Pig conceptuses are fructogenic, such that a substantial portion of glucose transferred from mother to fetus is converted to fructose. Fructose is an intermediate product in the synthesis of glucosamine from glucose, and glucosamine is linked to regulation of trophoblast cell proliferation through regulation of mTOR. These findings suggest a link between glucose, fructose, glucosamine synthesis, GAG production, and placental m

关键词： Glycosaminoglycans Nutrient transport Placenta

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The reproductive biology of a Central American cichlid Neetroplus nematopus in Lake Xiloá ,Nicaragua

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 43-51页

作者： Kenneth R.McKAYE jeremy HALE Eric P.van den BERGHE World Wide Fund for Nature Finland Universidad de Centroamericana Department of Mathematics Science and Technology Ave Maria University Latin American Campus

This study was conducted to provide a five-year database on the breeding seasonality and breeding biology of a Central American cichlid fish Neetroplus nematopus, a biparental substratum-spawning cichlid that cares for its eggs, wrigglers, and fry for up to six weeks. A total of 503 breeding pairs were monitored for breeding success. Breeding pairs of N. nematopus are sexually dimorphic in size, with females averaging 39% of male body mass. Fry emerged from 85% of nesting cavities. After three weeks, only 30% of the broods were present in the nesting cavity; these broods had a 30% survival rate, giving a 9% overall survival rate. Nineteen percent of the successful parents with three-week-old broods adopted foreign fry. A consistent unimodal breeding peak in December was observed for five years. This breeding peak differed dramatically from the bimodal breeding season 20 years found in the 1970s. The effects of extensive grenade fishing practices during the 1980s might have played a substantial role in the observed change. Grenade fishing stopped in 1991, and the number ofN. nematopus pairs increased by 136% from 1990 to 1995. With increased density of breeding fish, the breeding season for this species also expanded. The balance between divergent selection due to competition for breeding sites and stabilizing selection due to predation pressure on offspring is likely to mold the breeding season for N. nematopus and other cichlids of Lake Xilofi. We suggest that brood adoption and synchrony of breeding is a strategy to reduce predation on the parent＇s own young [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 43-51 2010].

关键词： Nicaragua Cichlids Breeding Reproduction synchrony seasonality

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Glucosamine supplementation during late gestation alters placental development and increases litter size

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 135-144页

作者： Jeffrey L.Vallet jeremy R.Miles Bradley A.Freking shane Meyer UsDA ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARQ P.O. Box 166 Clay Center NE Nebraska 68933 USA Plymouth Ag Group Diller NE Nebraska 68342 USA

Background： During late gestation the placental epithelial interface becomes highly folded, which involves changes in stromal hyaluronan. Hyaluronan is composed of glucoronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine. We hypothesized that supplementing gestating dams with glucosamine during this time would support placental folded-epithelial-bilayer development and increase litter size. In Exp. 1, gilts were unilaterally hysterectomizedovariectomized（UHO）. UHO gilts were mated and then supplemented daily with 10 g glucosamine（n = 16） or glucose（control, n = 17） from d 85 of gestation until slaughter（d 105）. At slaughter, the number of live fetuses was recorded and each live fetus and its placenta was weighed. Uterine wall samples adjacent to the largest and smallest fetuses within each litter were processed for histology. In Exp. 2, pregnant sows in a commercial sow farm were supplemented with either 10 g glucosamine or glucose daily from d 85 of gestation to farrowing. Total piglets born and born alive were recorded for each litter. In Exp. 3, the same commercial farm and same protocol were used except that the dose of glucosamine and glucose was doubled to 20 g/***： In Exp. 1, the number of live fetuses tended to be greater in glucosamine-treated UHO gilts（P = 0.098）.Placental morphometry indicated that the width of the folded bilayer was greater（P = 0.05） in glucosamine-treated gilts. In Exp. 2, litter size did not differ between glucosamine-and glucose-treated sows. However in Exp. 3, the increased dose of glucosamine resulted in a significant treatment by parity interaction（P ≤ 0.01）, in which total piglets born and born alive were greater in glucosamine treated sows of later parity（5 and 6）.Conclusions： These results indicated that glucosamine supplementation increased the width of the folds of the placental bilayer and increased litter size in later parity, intact pregnant commercial sows.

关键词： Fructose Glucosamine Hyaluronan swine Uterine capacity

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Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in Children: Current Treatment and New Therapies

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第1期3卷 36-41页

作者： Andrew Lee jeremy Rajanayagam Mona Abdel-Hady Birmingham Children's Hospital Liver Unit Birmingham United Kingdom The University of Queensland School of MedicineBrisbane Australia Birmingham Children's Hospital Liver Unit Birmingham United Kingdom University of Birmingham School of Infection and Immunity Birmingham United Kingdom Birmingham Children's Hospital Liver Unit Birmingham United Kingdom

Viral hepatitis C is responsible for a large burden of disease *** of hepatitis C infection is currently undergoing a revolution with the development of new direct acting antivirals that offer higher cure rates and fewer side effects than other medications currently *** options for children,although well-defined and evidencebased,are limited relative to adults as there are few trials regarding the use of these newly developed agents in *** so much optimism in the development of novel therapeutic options for hepatitis C,it is timely to review and summarize the current standard of care treatment and indications for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in *** provide here an overview of recent drug developments and their potential for use in children.

关键词： Hepatitis C Children Treatment Direct acting antivirals Host targeting agents

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Point-of-care testing in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers: Current technology and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4111-4120页

作者： jeremy R Huddy Melody Z Ni sheraz R Markar George B Hanna Department of surgery and Cancer Imperial College LondonSt Mary’s Hospital

Point-of-care(POC) tests enable rapid results and are well established in medical *** advances in analytical techniques have led to a new generation of POC devices that will alter gastrointestinal diagnostic *** review aims to identify current and newtechnologies for the POC diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer.A structured search of the Embase and Medline databases was *** reporting diagnostic tests for gastrointestinal cancer available as a POC device or containing a description of feasibility for POC application were *** recovered were heterogeneous and therefore results are presented as a narrative *** diagnostic methods were identified(fecal occult blood, fecal proteins, volatile organic compounds, pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2, tumour markers and DNA analysis).Fecal occult blood testing has a reported sensitivity of 66%-85% and specificity greater than 95%.The others are at a range of development and clinical *** devices have a proven role in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal *** to their implementation exist and the transition from experimental to clinical medicine is currently *** technologies demonstrate potential to provide accurate POC tests and an ability to diagnose gastrointestinal cancer at an early stage with improved clinical outcome and survival.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Cancer-diagnosis Gastric cancer

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Longitudinal changes in cardiac function in the very elderly: the Jerusalem longitudinal cohort study

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2019年第11期16卷 800-805页

作者： David Leibowitz Irit stessman-Lande Hend sliman jeremy M Jacobs Jochanan stessman Dan Gilon Jerusalem Institute of Aging Research Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael Coronary Care Unit Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterMount-ScopusJerusalemIsrael

Background People over the age of 85 are a rapidly growing age group with a high incidence of congestive heart failure(CHF),in particular heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFp EF).The diagnosis of CHF is challenging and longitudinal data assessing cardiac structure and function are necessary to distinguish physiologic from pathologic cardiac *** objective of the study was to determine longitudinal changes in cardiac struture and function from ages 85 to 94 years using home *** subjects were recruited from the Jerusalem Longitudinal Cohort *** three members of the initial cohort(32 F,31 M)who underwent home echocardiography at age 85 were the subjects of the current study and underwent repeat home 2-D and Doppler echocardiographic assessment at age *** There were no significant longitudinal changes in left ventricular mass index(LVMI),however LV end-diastolic volume significantly decreased from 113.4±30 to 103.6±35.5 m L(Pstable,however longitudinal systolic function significantly decreased with age from 7.9±1.8 to 6.6±1.4 cm/s2(Pstolic function as assessed by increased E:e’(11.2±3.4 to 16±7.5,Psed left atrial volume index(34.1±11.3 to 42.4±13.7 m L/m^2,Ps reduced with *** This study demonstrated preserved EF with decreased longitudinal systolic function and diastolic function without significant change in LV *** in LV function in the very elderly may be independent of changes in LV geometry.

关键词： Echocardiography The elderly Ventricular function

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