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Realizing Attosecond Core-level X-ray Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Condensed Matter Systems

Ultrafast Science 2023年第4期3卷 1-13页

作者： Adam M.Summers Stefano Severino Maurizio Reduzzi Themistoklis P.H.Sidiropoulos Daniel E.Rivas Nicola Di Palo Hung-Wei Sun Ying-Hao Chien Iker leon Barbara Buades Seth l.Cousin Stephan M.Teichmann Tobias Mey Klaus Mann Barbara Keitel Elke Plonjes Dmitri K.Efetov Heinrich Schwoerere jens Biegert ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology08860 CastelldefelsBarcelonaSpain linac Coherent light Source SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA 94025USA European XFEl Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V. Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 137077 GöttingenGermany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Notkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie 22761 HamburgGermany ICREA Pg.Lluís Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain

Unraveling the exact nature of nonequilibrium and correlated interactions is paramount for continued progress in many areas of condensed matter science. Such insight is a prerequisite to develop an engineered approach for smart materials with targeted properties designed to address standing needs such as efficient light harvesting, energy storage, or information processing. For this goal, it is critical to unravel the dynamics of the energy conversion processes between carriers in the earliest time scales of the excitation dynamics. We discuss the implementation and benefits of attosecond soft x-ray core-level spectroscopy up to photon energies of 600 eV for measurements in solid-state systems. In particular, we examine how the pairing between coherent spectral coverage and temporal resolution provides a powerful new insight into the quantum dynamic interactions that determine the macroscopic electronic and optical response. We highlight the different building blocks of the methodology and point out the important aspects for its application from condensed matter studies to materials as thin as 25 nm. Furthermore, we discuss the technological developments in the field of tabletop attosecond soft x-ray sources with time-resolved measurements at the near and extended edge simultaneously and investigate the exciting prospective of extending such technique to the study of 2-dimensional materials.

关键词： Attosecond Science Core-level x-ray Spectroscopy High Harmonic Generation X-ray Absorption Ultrafast solid-state dynamics

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The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki Deepak Malla jens W.levy Job van Rest Knut lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by *** role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined *** study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in ***:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August *** hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical *** costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household *** intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot *** chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and ***,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of ***:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,Plso lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF *** prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,altho

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal

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爆炸物的安全控制

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实验与分析 2009年第5期 44-45页

作者： Dusan Boskovic Tobias Tǔrcke Stefan lǔbbecke jens Schliff Paul Gerhard Ginsberg Walter Panchyrz Fraunhofer化工研究所 Eurodyn炸药有限公司

在进行强放热性，有毒或者其他具有潜在危险性的反应时，微反应技术可以提供帮助。Fraunhofer化工研究所研发了一种微反应系统，可以用来针对商用炸药的质量进行安全检测。

关键词：安全控制爆炸物微反应技术潜在危险性反应系统安全检测研究所热性

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Research progress on space charge characteristics in polymeric insulation

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2016年第1期6卷 5-17页

作者： Yibo Zhang Thomas Christen Xing Meng Jiansheng Chen jens Rocks ABB(China)limited Corporate ResearchUBP B6L110 Jiuxianqiao Lu Chaoyang DistrictBeijing 100015P.R.China ABB Schweiz AG Corporate ResearchSegelhofstrasse 1KCH-5405 Baden 5 DattwilSwitzerland

Due to their excellent electrical insulation properties and processability,polymer materials are used in many electrical *** is widely believed that space charge plays an important role for the electric field distribution,conduction,ageing,and electric breakdown of polymeric *** paper reviews measurements and characteristics of space charge behavior which mainly determined by the pulsed electro-acoustic(PEA)measurement *** interests are the effects of the applied voltage,the electrodes,temperature,humidity,microstructure,additives,and filler materials on accumulation,distribution,transport,and the decay of space charge in polymeric *** review paper is to provide an overview on various space charge effects under different conditions,and also to summarize the information for polymeric materials with suppressed space charge and improved electrical behavior.

关键词： Polymeric insulation space charge PEA nanocomposite

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A MICRO REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS MUlTISTAGE SOlVENT EXTRACTION

A MICRO REACTOR FOR CONTINUOUS MULTISTAGE SOLVENT EXTRACTION

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International Solvent Extraction Conference 2005

作者： Gunnar Skarnemark Sofie Andersson Klaus Eberhardt Christian Ekberg Volker Hessel Benjamin Horn jens V.Kratz Patrick lb Andreas Müller Mikael Nilsson Arvid φdegaard-jensen Nuclear Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gteborg Sweden Nuclear Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gteborg Sweden Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz Germany Nuclear Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gteborg Sweden Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH Mainz Germany Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH Mainz Germany Institut für Kernchemie Johannes Gutenberg-Universitt Mainz Germany Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH Mainz Germany Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH Mainz Germany Nuclear Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gteborg Sweden Nuclear Chemistry Chalmers University of Technology Gteborg Sweden

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未来属于铝合金材料——访捷豹路虎汽车公司研发及技术总监Wolfgang Epple博士

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汽车制造业 2014年第15期 10-12页

作者： jens Meiners 陈芳芳《汽车制造业》编辑部

日前，捷豹官方宣布，将在2014年9月正式发布旗下全新中级轿车XE,该车除了采用自主研发的2．0T发动机外，在整车材料的应用方面有了全新突破，与宝马3系li 2．0T车型和奥迪A4l 2．0T车型相比，

关键词：铝合金材料自主研发技术总监汽车公司捷豹路虎博士中级轿车

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62 kaBP以来湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物有机碳同位素记录及古气候环境意义

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海洋地质与第四纪地质 2005年第2期25卷 115-126页

作者：刘强顾兆炎刘嘉麒游海涛吕厚远储国强祁向雷 Jorg F W Negendank jens Mingram Georg Schettler 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所吉林大学地球科学学院长春130061 地质出版社 GeoForschungs Zentrum Potsdam Potsdam14473Germany

湖光岩玛珥湖HUG B孔岩心记录了62kaBP以来的古气候、古环境变化信息。全岩有机碳同位素组成(δ13CTOC)分析表明,62kaBP以来δ13CTOC值变化比较明显,其变化范围为-28.5‰～-15.5‰。结合孢粉和有机地球化学指标进行综合分析,湖光岩玛珥... 详细信息

湖光岩玛珥湖HUG B孔岩心记录了62kaBP以来的古气候、古环境变化信息。全岩有机碳同位素组成(δ13CTOC)分析表明,62kaBP以来δ13CTOC值变化比较明显,其变化范围为-28.5‰～-15.5‰。结合孢粉和有机地球化学指标进行综合分析,湖光岩玛珥湖δ13CTOC变化曲线可划分为6个演化阶段:62～58和48～40.5kaBP两个时段的δ13CTOC值偏负,沉积物中有机质主要来源于热带—亚热带地区的陆生C3森林植被,反映了温暖潮湿的气候环境;58～48和40.5～17.2kaBP期间δ13CTOC值明显偏正,沉积物中有机质主要源自C4草本植物,反映了湖光岩地区有效降水量减少、干旱程度增加导致湖光岩玛珥湖湖面下降,大量C4草本植物生长在暴露的湖滨岸;17.2～4kaBP时段内δ13CTOC值尽管存在更加频繁的波动,但总体呈现逐渐偏负的趋势,反映了暖湿和冷干气候多次交替但总体上逐渐变暖、变湿的气候环境;4kaBP以来δ13CTOC值存在逐渐偏正的趋势,虽然不排除人类活动的影响,但很可能反映了干旱程度的再次增加。综合分析表明,有效降水量(降水量-蒸发量)是控制湖光岩玛珥湖地区C3/C4植物相对生物量变化的主导因素。湖光岩玛珥湖有机碳同位素的研究结果支持区域气候环境而不是大气CO2浓度变化是末期冰期以来热带低纬度地区C3/C4植被相对生物量变化的主要原因。

关键词：湖光岩玛珥湖碳同位素记录沉积物古气候环境意义 δ^13C TOC值有效降水量碳同位素组成地球化学指标气候环境有机碳同位素干旱程度亚热带地区低纬度地区大气CO2 变化信息综合分析演化阶段变化曲线森林植被

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一把椅子抵住这时间的洪流

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设计 2015年第22期28卷 76-85页

作者： msright PP M?bler Mikkel Adsb?l jens Mourits S?rensen Erik Brahl Rasmus Koch Studio Katja Kejser Kasper Holst Pedersen

关于人与物是如何互相影响的，我想一把汉斯·瓦格纳（HANS ***）的椅子便能说明这两者间全部的关系。

关键词：椅子洪流时间

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Inhibitor of differentiation proteins do not influence prognosis of biliary tract cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9334-9342页

作者： Jan Harder Michael J Müller Matthias Fuchs Vera Gumpp Annette Schmitt-Graeff Richard Fischer Melanie Frank Oliver Opitz jens Hasskarl Department of Gastroenterology Hematology and Oncology Hegau-Bodensee-Hochrhein Kliniken 78221 SingenGermany Department of Hematology and Oncology University Medical Center Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg Tumorzentrum Ludwig Heilmeyer University Medical Center Freiburg 79104 FreiburgGermany Institute of Pathology University Medical Center Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Onkologie Dreil ndereck 79539 L rrach Germany iOMEDICO AG Freiburg 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany

AIM:To investigate the expression and clinical relevance of inhibitor of differentiation(ID)proteins in biliary tract ***:ID protein expression was analyzed in129 samples from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer(BTC)(45 extrahepatic,50 intrahepatic,and 34 gallbladder cancers),compared to normal controls and correlated with clinical an pathological ***:ID1-3 proteins are frequently overexpressed in all BTC subtypes *** correlation between increased ID protein expression and tumor grading,tumor subtype or treatment response was *** was influenced primary tumor localization(extrahepatic vs intrahepatic and gall bladder cancer,OS 1.5 years vs 0.9 years vs 0.7 years,P=0.002),by stage at diagnosis(OS 2.7 years in stageⅠv s 0.6 years in stageⅣ,Pltivariate model,ID protein expression did not correlate with clinical ***,there was a trend of shorter OS in patients with loss of cytoplasmic ID4 protein expression(P=0.076).CONClUSION:ID protein expression is frequently deregulated in BTC but does not influence clinical *** usefulness as prognostic biomarkers in BTC is very limited.

关键词： Biliary tract cancer Cholangiocarcinoma Inhibitor of differentiation Prognostic factors

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Tip-and laser-based 3D Nanofabrication in Extended Macroscopic Working Areas

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 132-148页

作者： Ingo Ortlepp Thomas Frohlich Roland FuBl Johann Reger Christoph Schaffel Stefan Sinzinger Steffen Strehle ReneTheska lena Zentner jens-Peter Zollner Ivo WRangelow Carsten Reinhardt Tino Hausotte Xinrui Cao Oliver Dannberg Florian Fern David Fischer Stephan Gorges Martin Hofmann Johannes Kirchner Andreas Meister Taras Sasiuk Ralf Schienbein Shraddha Supreeti laura Mohr-Weidenfeller Christoph Weise Christoph Reuter Jaqueline Stauffenberg Eberhard Manske Institute of Process Measurement and Sensor Technology Technische Universitat IlmenauEhrenbergstrasse 2998693 IlmenauGermany Control Engineering Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Optical Engineering Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Microsystems Technology Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Precision Engineering Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Compliant Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Micro-and Nanoelectronic Systems Group Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Nanoscale Systems Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany Division for Research Service and Technology Transfer Technische Universitat IlmenauIlmenauGermany Electronics Technology Group.Technische Universitat Ilmenau IlmenauGermany IMMS Institut flir Mikroelektronik-und Mechatronik-Systeme Gemeinniitzige GmbH(IMMS GmbH) IlmenauGermany Fachgebiet Technische Physik City University of Applied SciencesBremenGermany lehrstuhl fiir Fertigungsmesstechnik Friedrich-Alexander-U niversitat(FAU)Erlangen-NiirnbergGermany JUMO GmbH&Co.KG FuldaGermany Asphericon GmbH JenaGermany

The field of optical lithography is subject to intense research and has gained enormous ***,the effort necessary for creating structures at the size of 20 nm and below is considerable using conventional *** effort and the resulting financial requirements can only be tackled by few global companies and thus a paradigm change for the semiconductor industry is conceivable:custom design and solutions for specific applications will dominate future development(Fritze in:Panning EM,liddle JA(eds)Novel patterning *** society for optics and ***,Bellingham,***://***/10.1117/12.2593229).For this reason,new aspects arise for future lithography,which is why enormous effort has been directed to the development of alternative fabrication ***,the technologies emerging from this process,which are promising for coping with the current resolution and accuracy challenges,are only demonstrated as a proof-of-concept on a lab scale of several square *** scale is not adequate for the requirements of modern lithography;therefore,there is the need for new and alternative cross-scale solutions to further advance the possibilities of unconventional *** challenges arise because of the technical progress in various other fields,realizing new and unique functionalities based on nanoscale effects,e.g.,in nanophotonics,quantum computing,energy harvesting,and life *** platforms for basic research in the field of scale-spanning nanomeasuring and nanofabrication are necessary for these tasks,which are available at the Technische Universitiit Ilmenau in the form of nanopositioning and nanomeasuring(NPM)*** this equipment,the limits of technical structurability are explored for high-performance tip-based and laser-based processes for enabling real 3D nanofabrication with the highest precision in an adequate working range of several thousand cubic millimete

关键词： Nanomeasuring Nanopositioning Nanomanufacturing Scale-spanning Tip-based laser-based Nanofabrication

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