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New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates Brian H.Davison James G.Elkins Xin Gu jennifer morrell-falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

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Determination of the cellulase activity distribution in Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis cultures using a fluorescent substrate

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 212-218页

作者： jennifer L.morrell-falvey James G.Elkins Zhi-Wu Wang Bio Energy Science Center Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory The Ohio State University ATI

This study took advantage of resorufin cellobioside as a fluorescent substrate to determine the distribution of cellulase activity in cellulosic biomass fermentation systems. Cellulolytic biofilms were found to express nearly four orders greater cellulase activity compared to planktonic cultures of Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, which can be primarily attributed to the high cell concentration and surface attachment. The formation of biofilms results in cellulases being secreted close to their substrates, which appears to be an energetically favorable stategy for insoluble substrate utilization. For the same reason,cellulases should be closely associated with the surfaces of suspended cell in soluble substrate-fed culture, which has been verified with cellobiose-fed cultures of C. thermocellum and C. obsidiansis. This study addressed the importance of cellulase activity distribution in cellulosic biomass fermentation, and provided theoretical foundation for the leading role of biofilm in cellulose degradation. System optimization and reactor designs that promote biofilm formation in cellulosic biomass hydrolysis may promise an improved cellulosic biofuel process.

关键词： Thermophilic Biofilm Cellulose Cellulase Biofuel

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Continuous live cell imaging of cellulose attachment by microbes under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions using confocal microscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 849-856页

作者： Zhi-Wu Wang Seung-Hwan Lee James G.Elkins Yongchao Li Scott Hamilton-Brehm jennifer L.morrell-falvey BioEnergy Science Center Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA College of Food Agricultural and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State University1328 Dover RdWoosterOH 44691USA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Biomass Refinery Research CenterHiroshimaJapan Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 200-701Korea

Live cell imaging methods provide important insights into the dynamics of cellular processes that cannot be derived easily from population-averaged *** the bioenergy field,much research is focused on fermentation of cellulosic biomass by thermophilic microbes to produce biofuels;however,little effort is dedicated to the development of imaging tools to monitor this dynamic biological *** is,in part,due to the experimental challenges of imaging cells under both anaerobic and thermophilic *** an imaging system is described that integrates confocal microscopy,a flow cell device,and a lipophilic dye to visualize *** to technical obstacles regarding suitable fluorescent markers,photodamage during imaging,and maintenance of environmental conditions during imaging are *** system was utilized to observe cellulose colonization by Clostridium thermocellum under anaerobic conditions at 60℃.This method enables live cell imaging of bacterial growth under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions and should be widely applicable to visualizing different cell types or processes in real time.

关键词： thermophile lipophilic dye cellulose biofuel confocal laser scanning microscopy biofilm

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