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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： jennifer m.colón-mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose m.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA national Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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Tamoxifen:an FDA approved drug with neuroprotective effects for spinal cord injury recovery

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neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1208-1211页

作者： jennifer m.colón Jorge D.miranda Department of Physiology School of MedicineUniversity of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus

Spinal cord injury（SCI） is a condition without a cure,affecting sensory and/or motor *** physical trauma to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of molecular and cellular events that generates a non-permissive environment for cell survival and axonal *** these complex set of events are damage of the blood-brain barrier,edema formation,inflammation,oxidative stress,demyelination,reactive gliosis and *** multiple events activated after SCI require a multi-active drug that could target most of these events and produce a permissive environment for cell survival,regeneration,vascular reorganization and synaptic ***,a selective estrogen receptor modulator,is an FDA approved drug with several neuroprotective properties that should be considered for the treatment of this devastating *** investigators using different animal models and injury parameters have demonstrated the beneficial effects of this drug to improve functional locomotor recovery after *** suggest that the mechanism of action of Tamoxifen administration is to modulate anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-gliotic responses.A gap of knowledge exists regarding the sex differences in response to Tamoxifen and the therapeutic window available to administer this *** addition,the effects of Tamoxifen in axonal outgrowth or synapse formation needs to be *** review will address some of the mechanisms activated by Tamoxifen after SCI and the results recently published by investigators in the field.

关键词： selective estrogen receptor modulator trauma antioxidant anti-inflammatory regeneration reactive gliosis demyelination, estradiol

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Implications of regional identity for neural stem and progenitor cell transplantation in the injured or diseased nervous system

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 715-716页

作者： Prakruthi Amar Kumar jennifer n.Dulin Department of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas A&m Institute for neuroscience Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

neural stem and progenitor cell(nSPC)transpla ntation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for replacing lost neuronal populations and repairing damaged neural circuits following nervous system injury and disease.A great deal of experimental work has investigated the biology of nSPC grafting in preclinical animal models;more recently.

关键词： neural system injured

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Classifying moisture sources associated with snowfall in the mountains of Lesotho

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1941-1953页

作者： Alexi m.mARInAKI jennifer m.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag X3Wits 2050South Africa

An average of eight snowfall events occur each year in the eastern Lesotho *** snowfall events are typically associated with cut-off low(cols)systems and mid-latitude ***,the moisture sources of the snowfall are unclassified and *** Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,an air mass back trajectory model,has been used to evaluate moisture source waters locally in southern Africa and internationally in China and *** study uses HYSPLIT to determine the source moisture of snow in Lesotho.A list of all 82 snowfall events in Lesotho spanning 2017 to 2022 was compiled using the Snow Report SA Instagram page,including the date and location of snowfall.A 72-hour back trajectory for each snowfall event was initiated for both Afriski and the whole of *** amounts to models of moisture source trajectories for 28 and 82 snowfall days,*** air mass pathways are classified according to their frequency per snowfall event,per month in the snow season,per year and for the full *** this,associated moisture source regions and dominant air mass trajectories were *** study reports that the air mass trajectories associated with Afriski and Lesotho as a whole are very *** most common pathway of air mass trajectories transporting snow-bearing moisture to Lesotho was an inland trajectory from the northern regions of southern *** pathway makes up 16.6%of all trajectories reported and is associated with the Angola Low,the Congo Air Boundary and the *** High Pressure.

关键词： Eastern Lesotho Highlands Afriski Snow Cut-off Lows HYSPLIT Synoptic Climatology

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An assessment of the climatic suitability of Afriski mountain Resort for outdoor tourism using the Tourism Climate Index(TCI)

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Journal of mountain Science 2019年第11期16卷 2453-2469页

作者： Kirsten nOOmE jennifer m.FITCHETT School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand

Tourism Climatic Indices(TCIs)are widely used in the global north to quantify the climatic suitability of a destination for *** one such study has been conducted in southern Africa to *** is in a chronic shortage of research on tourism and climate change in the southern *** study presents the application of the TCI in Lesotho,calculated for the eastern Lesotho *** region has an emerging tourism sector,which primarily comprises outdoor *** include hiking,horse-riding,music festivals,mountain biking,cultural visits,sightseeing,and at the Afriski lodge,skiing and *** activities are reliant on climatic conditions that are conducive to the activity taking place,prolonged periods outdoors,and tourist satisfaction of the *** is a major determinant of both the length of season for these activities and the timing of peak tourist *** temperatures and changes in relative humidity and precipitation pose real threats to hiking,sightseeing and snow tourism at *** reliance of tourism in the region on specific climatic conditions for successful tourism prompted the use of the *** results classify the eastern Lesotho Highlands as having‘good'climatic conditions with an overall TCI score of 64 for the period *** TCI scores for the eastern Lesotho reveal a bimodal-shoulder,meaning the peak climatic conditions are in the regional summer months(December to February).This conflicts with the peak tourist seasons of summer and winter,which align with South African school holidays,and the timing of the most profitable tourism activity(skiing)which occurs during the winter months of June,July and *** is landlocked by South *** analysis for South Africa reveals more suitable climatic conditions for tourism than Lesotho,with significantly higher scores of 80-89.

关键词： Climate Tourism Climatic Index(TCI) Lesotho Highlands Outdoor tourism Snow tourism

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The roles of inter- and intra-sexual selection in behavioral isolation between native and invasive pupfishes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 135-144页

作者： Cory BECHER jennifer m. GUmm Department of Biology Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA Department of Evolution EcologyOrganismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

male-male competition and female mate choice may both play important roles in driving and maintaining reproductive isolation between species. When previously allopatric species come into secondary contact with each other due to introductions, they provide an opportunity to evaluate the identity and strength of reproductive isolating mechanisms. If reproductive isolation is not maintained, hybridization may occur. We examined how reproductive isolating mechanisms medi- ate hybridization between endemic populations of the Red River pupfish Cyprinodon rubrofluviati- lis and the recently introduced sheepshead minnow C. variegatus. In lab-based dominance trials, males of both species won the same number of competitions. However, male C. rubrofluviatilis that won competitions were more aggressive than C, variegatus winners, and more aggression was needed to win against competitor C. variagatus than allopatric C. rubrofluviatilis. Duration of fights also differed based on the relatedness of the competitor. In dichotomous mate choice trials, there were no conspecific or heterospecific preferences expressed by females of either species. Our findings that male-male aggression differs between closely and distantly related groups, but female choice does not suggest that male-male competition may be the more likely mechanism to impede gene flow in this system.

关键词： Cyprinodon female mate choice invasive species male-male competition reproductive isolation sexual selection.

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Direct impacts of climatic warming on heat stress in endothermic species: seabirds as bioindicators of changing thermoregulatory constraints

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Stephen A.OSWALD jennifer m.ARnOLD Division of Science Pennsylvania State UniversityBerks CampusReadingPennsylvaniaUSA

There is now abundant evidence that contemporary climatic change has indirectly affected a wide-range of species by changing trophic interactions,competition,epidemiology and ***,direct physiological impacts of changing climates are rarely reported for endothermic species,despite being commonly reported for ec*** review the evidence for changing physiological constraints on endothermic vertebrates at high temperatures,integrating theoretical and empirical perspectives on the morphology,physiology and behavior of marine *** for increasing heat stress exposure depends on changes in multiple environmental variables,not just air temperature,as well as organism-specific morphology,physiology and *** breeding at high latitudes are vulnerable to the forecast,extensive temperature changes because of the adaptations they possess to minimize heat ***-latitude species will also be challenged as they currently live close to their thermal limits and will likely suffer future water ***,highly-active species,particularly aerial foragers,are acutely vulnerable as they are least able to dissipate heat at high ***,direct physiological impacts of climatic change appear underrepresented in the published literature,but available data suggest they have much potential to shape behavior,morphology and distribution of endothermic spe*** between future heat stress events and other energetic constraints on endotherms remains largely unexplored but will be key in determining the physiological impacts of climatic ***-scale,biophysical modeling,informed by experiments that quantify thermoregulatory responses of endotherms to heat stress,is an essential precursor to urgently-needed analyses at the population or species level.

关键词： climatic change direct effects of climate physiology seabirds thermoregulation

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modeling regional landslide susceptibility using dynamic soil moisture profiles

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Journal of mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1807-1824页

作者： RAY Ram L JACOBS jennifer m DOUGLAS Ellen m Cooperative Agricultural Research Center College of Agriculture and Human Sciences Prairie View A&M University Department of Civil Engineering University of New Hampshire Environmental Earth and Ocean Sciences Department University of Massachusetts Boston

A landslide susceptibility mapping study was performed using dynamic hillslope hydrology. The modified infinite slope stability model that directly includes vadose zone soil moisture(Sm) was applied at Cleveland Corral, California, US and Krishnabhir, Dhading, nepal. The variable infiltration capacity(VIC-3L) model simulated vadose zone soil moisture and the wetness index hydrologic model simulated groundwater(GW). The GW model predictions had a 75% nASH-Sutcliffe efficiency when compared to California's in-situ GW measurements. The model performed best during the wet season. Using predicted GW and VIC-3L vadose zone Sm, the developed landslide susceptibility maps showed very good agreement with mapped landslides at each study region. Previous quasi-dynamic model predictions of nepal's hazardous areas during extreme rainfall events were enhanced to improve the spatial characterization and provide the timing of hazardous conditions.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Vadose zone Soil moisture Infiltration eapacity VIC-3L Groundwater

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Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： Patrick m.Jagielski jennifer R.Foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in north American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,On)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type

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Intragroup social dynamics vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： jennifer K. Hellmann Ian m. Hamilton Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Department of mathematics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA jennifer K. Hellmann Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group members may mediate conflict through submissive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dominance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict may vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, promoting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors may also foster conflict of interests among group members: opportunities for subordinate dispersal may alter conflict among dominants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction may increase conflict between mates. To understand how neighbors mediate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish neolamprologus pulcher, we measured behavioral dynamics and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and submission between the dominant male and female pair were high in isolated groups, but dominant aggression was directly primarily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between mates and foster conflict between dominants and subordinates. Further, aggression and submission between similarly sized group members were most frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatments, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with promoting group cohesion. collectively, these results provide some of the first empirical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are mediated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph model neolamprologus pulcher network

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