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Retinoblastoma: The Situation in Burkina Faso over Ten Years

Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 175-195页

作者： Amadou Ouattara Anicet Corneille Beremwidougou Paté Sankara Mariam Traore Dolo Tierinyê Armand Meda Windinmanégdé Pierre Djiguimde Rolande Kabore Chantal Gabrielle Bouda Gertrude Augustine Meda Hien Jerome Sanou jean wenceslas diallo Ahgbatouhabeba Zabsonre Ahnoux Ophthalmology Department Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso National Center for the Fight against Blindness Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Hospital of Sour Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Nouna District Hospital Nouna Burkina Faso University Hospital of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Hospital of Yalgado Ouedraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Context: In Burkina Faso, there is only one retinoblastoma treatment center located in the capital. Nowadays, the treatment of retinoblastoma has benefited from the contribution of scientific progress. Objective: The aim was to take stock of the situation of retinoblastoma in the pediatric oncology department from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a 10-year period, based on records of patients admitted to pediatric oncology department of CHU-YO. Data were analysed using CS Pro version 7.2 software. Categorical variables were compared using Pearsons Chi-square test at the 5% significance level. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Operational definitions were used for lost to follow-up, consultation and diagnosis delays. Results: We collected a total of 204 cases in 10 years, i.e. an annual average of 20.4 cases/year. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.5 months for unilateral cases and 26.4 months for bilateral cases. Male predominance was noted, with a sex ratio of 1.31. The majority of patients came from disadvantaged backgrounds (72% farming fathers and 91% housewives). Clinically, leukocoria and exophthalmos were the main presenting features. The average time to consultation was long (8.73 months) and unilateral localization was predominantly unilateral at 77%. In terms of treatment, 102 patients were eligible for curative treatment and 80 for palliative treatment. The prognosis was poor, with 41% death and numerous cases of lost to follow-up (18%). Overall survival was estimated at 32%. The factor associated with the lethality of retiniblastoma was the extension of the tumor to other organs. Conclusion: Recognition of the early clinical signs of retinoblastoma can anticipate the occurrence of this cancer. Health professionals should be encouraged to perform the Buckner test every time they come into contact with children aged 0 t

关键词： Retinoblastoma Prognosis Pediatric Oncology CHU-YO Burkina Faso

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Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Disseminated in an Immunocompetent Child

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第4期6卷 257-261页

作者： Senkaye-Lagom Aimée Kissou jean wenceslas diallo Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo Issouf Konaté Yemboado Adolphe Namoano Boubacar Nacro Department of Paediatrics Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Ophtalmology Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Bacteriology/Virology Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Dermatology Sanou Souro Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Herpes zoster and varicella are the two main clinical presentations of the varicella zoster virus infection. Varicella is the manifestation of primary infection. It is a systemic infection, frequent in childhood. Herpes zoster is a reactivation of the virus. It often occurs in immunocompromised situations such as AIDS. Several localizations can be observed in herpes zoster. Disseminated lesions are rarely described. Authors report a case of ophthalmic and generalized (or disseminated) herpes zoster in an immunocompetent child. No history of previous varicella and no particular medical background or family tare was found. However, maternal varicella when pregnant of our patient was reported. The patient had good nutritional status and no cause of immunosuppression. Immediate evolution was favorable for our patient, but the possibility of long-term complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus should make consider the advisability of vaccination against varicella-zoster virus in children.

关键词： Herpes Zoster Ophtalmicus Disseminated Zoster Varicella-Zoster Virus Immunocompetent Child

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Analysis of the Characteristics of Materials Obtained by Recycling Scrap Metal in Guinea

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Alpha Issa diallo jean Ahmed Kourouma Adama Moussa Sakho Alexandre Lucien Richard Mechanical Laboratory Higher Institute of Technology of MamouMamou 063Republic of Guinea Materials Laboratory of Gamal Abdel Nasser University ConakryMamou1147Republic of Guinea Department of Laboratory Technology Higher Institute of Technology of MamouMamou 063Republic of Guinea

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of rebar produced from recycled scrap metal collected throughout the country,and imported rebar sold in the Republic of *** do this,the samples were subjected to various mechanical tests involving traction,bending and microscopic *** the Lambanyi and Casse Sonfonia samples,all the tensile strength values for diameters 12,14 and 16 were above 550 ***,the iron samples from Baillobaye and the 10 mm diameters of the samples from Casse Sonfonio and Lambanyi have less appreciable *** limits of elasticity were *** various values found vary more or less from the conventional yield strength of the NF A35-016 reference supplied by CBITEC,which is 500 *** analysis gives us an insight into the internal structure of the iron samples *** study may provide the company and the vendors with an alternative for their improvements.

关键词： Steel in construction recycled scrap strength test traction bending.

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Interest of Non-Invasive Markers (APRI, FIB-4) for Assessing Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis B without Cytolysis and with Low Viral Replication

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期14卷 192-201页

作者： Mamadou Diakité Kouassi Olivier Claver Koffi Amadou Koné Akoun Fabrice Aké Oury diallo Ahmadou Stellart jean M. Brou Anassi jean-Baptiste Okon Department of Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Teaching Hospital of Bouak&#233 Bouak&#233 C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Faculty of Medical Sciences Alassane Ouattara University Bouak&#233 C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Background and Objectives: The indication for treatment in HBsAg-positive patients with low viral load and normal transaminases requires an assessment of fibrosis. In resource-limited settings, free hepatic fibrosis evaluation tests can aid in therapeutic decision-making. Our study aims to demonstrate the utility of assessing hepatic fibrosis using non-invasive markers (APRI and FIB-4) in patients with chronic B viral hepatitis without cytolytic activity and low viral replication in our context. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and December 2021 at the University Hospital Center of Bouaké. Included were all patients aged ≥18 with normal transaminases (Results: Our study included 241 patients, with a mean age of 36.19 years (±10.52 years) and a male predominance of 52%. The mean FibroScan® value was 6.44 ± 2.3 kPa, and 68 patients (28.22%) had fibrosis >7 kPa. To exclude significant fibrosis (FS Conclusion: A significant proportion of HBV-infected patients with normal ALT and low viral load have active liver disease. Both FIB-4 and APRI biological scores are useful in identifying individuals without significant fibrosis with a good negative predictive value (>50%).

关键词： HBV Infection APRI FIB-4 Impulse Elastography BouakéUniversity Hospital

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Study of the Characteristics of Large-Diameter Iron Bars Obtained by Rolling at the ODHAV Foundry in the Republic of Guinea

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期12卷 43-54页

作者： Alpha Issa diallo jean Ahmadou Kourouma Adama Moussa Sakho Younoussa Moussa Baldé Mamadou Madaniou Sow Alexandre Lucien Richard Mechanical Laboratory Higher Institut of Technology of Mamou Mamou Republic of Guinea Materials Laboratory of the Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea Dpartment of Laboratory Technology Higher Institut of Technology of Mamou Mamou Republic of Guinea Department of Energy Science Higher Institut of Technology of Mamoun Mamou Republic of Guinea

This work consists of evaluating the quality of the mechanical parameters of large-diameter steels, i.e. 20, 25, 28 and 32, through a process of recycling scrap metal that fills garages, rubbish dumps, gutters and other abandoned sites, as well as imported concrete reinforcing steel sold in the Republic of Guinea. To carry out this important work, a number of mechanical tensile and bending tests and a microscopic analysis combining two devices, an electron microscope and a photographic camera, were carried out. The samples were taken from sampling areas in the major communes of Conakry, namely: Casse Sonfonia, Matoto and Kagbélen. The tensile strength values of the large dimensions 20, 25, 28 and 32 are given in the tables.

关键词： Recycled Scrap Large Diameter Rolling Tensile Testing Bending

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Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Surface Water Resources—Case of the Sub-Prefecture of Kamsar-Boké

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第8期12卷 168-179页

作者： Konate Daouda Kone Tidiani Kamano Saa Moussa diallo Mamadou Oury Higher Institute of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine of Dalaba Dalaba Guinea jean Lorougnon Guede-Daloa-RCI University Daloa Ivory Coast

Living fishery resources, although rich and important for human populations, are subject to strong anthropization, thus causing a change in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems. These multiple combined pressures: chemical, hydro-morphological, thermal or trophic, affect and disrupt the functioning of aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the main human pressures influencing the surface water resources of the Kamsar sub-prefecture, in order to propose mitigation measures. The following methodological approach was adopted: 1) Survey of managers and analysis records;2) Survey of stakeholders;3) Assessment of the effect of human activities on surface water resources;4) Data processing;5) Corrective measures. The survey farmers working near aquatic environments, revealed a low use of chemical substances, in particular 3 to 11 kg of fertilizer and 0 to 3 boxes of herbicide on fields of 40 m2 to 2 ha. Some physico-chemical parameters have been determined: Temperature (28.5˚C, 23.7˚C, 22.8˚C, 21.3˚C, 21.6˚C), Salinity (26.9‰, 21.9‰, 21.5‰, 15‰, 15.3‰) and Turbidity (21.3 UTN, 19.3 UTN, 17.8 UTN, 16.7 UTN, 17 UTN). These values show a fluctuation in the environmental parameters of aquatic ecosystems, which constitutes an obstacle to the development and survival of the resources.

关键词： Influence Anthropogenic Activities Water Resources

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Spontaneous Infection of Ascites Fluid at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou: Prevalence and Associated Factors

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou Comlan N’dehougbèa Martin Sokpon Chloé Andréa Obekandon Opè Mahouton Jacques Tovizounkou Kadiatou diallo Rodolph Koffi Vignon jean Séhonou University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou Benin University Clinic of Internal Medicine CNHU-HKM Cotonou Benin Department of Internal Medicine Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Background: Spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) is an extremely serious and frequently encountered complication in cirrhotic patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SAFI and the factors associated with it in the largest hospital in Cotonou. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 2013 to July 2019, at the National and University Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) in Cotonou, Benin. All patients followed in the University Clinic of Hepato-Gastroenterology and diagnosed with SAFI were included. Results: Eighty-two patients were included, predominantly males (69.5%), with a mean age of 51.5 ± 14.5 years. Among them, 32 had SAFI, i.e., a prevalence of 39%. Of the 32 cases of SAFI, the culture of ascites fluid was positive in 6 cases (18.7%). The most frequent germ found in SAFI was Escherichia coli (5 patients, 83.3%). The factors associated with SAFI in this study were: abdominal pain (p = 0.004), increased bilirubinemia (p = 0.009), decreased prothrombin level 20 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: SAFI was common in cirrhotic patients in the department. Certain clinical and paraclinical factors were associated with it, as was the severity of cirrhosis. Early diagnosis and aetiological management of cirrhosis could reduce its frequency.

关键词： Ascites Infection Cirrhosis Cotonou

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Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida auris in Africa: Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 126-149页

作者： Isidore Wendkièta Yerbanga Seydou Nakanabo diallo Toussaint Rouamba Delwendé Florence Ouedraogo Katrien Lagrou Rita Oladele jean-Pierre Gangneux Olivier Denis Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos Isabel Montesinos Sanata Bamba Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Ecole Doctorale des Sciences De la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Research in Health Sciences National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Univ Rennes CHU Rennes Inserm Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) European ECMM Excellence Center in Medical Mycology Université de Rennes Rennes France Department of Microbiology CHU Namur site-Godinne Université Catholique de Louvain Yvoir Belgium Ecole de Santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of Microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc—Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sour? Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.

关键词： Africa Antifungal Resistance Candida auris Clinical Features Phylogenetic Clades

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The Essential Oil of Ocimum americanum from Senegal and Gambia as a Source of Methyleugenol for the Control of Bactrocera dorsalis, Fruit Fly

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 133-141页

作者： Yoro Tine Antonio Alain Coffi Sinzogan Ousmane Ndiaye Cebastiana Sambou Alioune diallo Ismaila Mbenga Kemo Badji El Hadji Omar Dieng Assa Balayara jeanne Diatta Cheikhouna Gaye Julien Paolini jean Costa Alassane Wele Saliou Ngom Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques Universite d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture (ENSA) Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Direction de la Protection des Végétaux Rufisque Sénégal Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels Université de Corse Corte France National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) Sere Kunda Gambia Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Dakar Sénégal

The fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most important pests in all mango-producing areas, particularly in West Africa. In Senegal, O. americanum leaves have been used for several years to control this fly. However, to our knowledge, no chemical studies have been carried out. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of O. americanum leaves collected in Senegal and Gambia. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of these leaves is analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Yields of essential oils from O. americanum leaves are 3.84% and 2.13%, respectively. Analysis of these essential oils by GC/FID and GC/MS allowed the identification of 23 compounds representing almost 100% of the total compositions. These essential oils are mainly dominated by methyleugenol (72.0% and 75.8%, respectively). Other components in significant percent are trans-β-caryophyllene (13.9% and 13.0%, respectively), germacrene D (4.1% and 3.7%, respectively), β-elemene (3.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Due to the high methyleugenol content, this study explains the attractive potential of O. americanum towards B. dorsalis. In perspective, we plan to evaluate the attractive effect of the essential oil and leaf powder of O. americanum against B. dorsalis, a real pest of mango orchards in Senegal.

关键词： Ocimum americanum Essential Oils Methyleugenol Bactrocera dorsalis GC/MS

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Contribution of High Sensible C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in the Assessment of the Risk of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 95-107页

作者： Maïmouna Touré Léopold Ngor Sène jean Pierre Diagne Demba Diédhiou Souleymane Thiam Abdou Khadir Sow Mor Diaw Aïssatou Seck Salimata Diagne Houndjo Abdoulaye Ba Abdoulaye Samb Fatou diallo-Agne Modou Oumy Kane Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’ Explorations Fonctionnelles Physiologiques Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal IRL3189 &#8220Environnement Sant&#233 Soci&#233t&#233&#8221 CNRS CNRST Bamako-UCAD Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire Privé de Biologie General Kaolack S&#233n&#233gal Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Abasse Ndao Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie molé culaire Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d'OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The latter plays an essential role in inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by increasing their secretion by an oxidative mechanism. These cytokines control the hepatic synthesis of an inflammatory protein called C-Reactive Protein (CRP). High or average values of CRP would have a predictive value of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between low CRP values and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications is not sufficiently studied. The hsCRP could serve as a predictive biomarker of risk of onset, follow-up and prognosis for type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. To answer this problem, we conducted this study, the aim of which was to study the predictive role of hsCRP in the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and cross-sectional case-control study involving 200 participants including 100 control women and 100 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age was respectively 49.89 years ± 8.26 & 51.92 years ± 7.18;p = 0.066). The interviews were conducted on the basis of a questionnaire. Physical examination collected biometric data and cardiovascular constants. The biochemical parameters such as hsCRP were analyzed by an automated Abbott device. Results: We noted that hsCRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to control subjects (p (rho = 0.40, p systolic blood pressure (rho = 0.30, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (rho = 0.28, p = 0.006), total body fat (rho = 0.48, p Conclusion: hsCRP has a prognostic value in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk. It seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. It could thus be considered as a biomarker for the screening, monitoring and prognosis of type 2

关键词： hsCRP Biomarker Inflammation Type 2 Diabetes

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