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Contribution of SAR Radar Imagery in the Detection of Suspicious Vessels in the Ivorian EEZ

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 200-212页

作者： Koffi Cyprien Yoboue jean-Baptiste Kassi Eric Valère Djagoua Tiemelé Jacque-André Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS University Center for Research and Application in Remote Sensing (CURAT) Félix Houphouet-Boigny University of Abidjan Cocody Ivory Coast

The present work proposed a method for match SAR and AIS data to detect vessels carrying out suspicious activity in the Ivorian EEZ. Two superposition methods, detected AIS and SAR data, based on point-to-point association on the one hand and point-to-line on the other hand, were used to detect suspicious vessels in Ivorian marine waters. The results showed that most vessels detected in the Ivorian EEZ do not declare their positions to avoid being spotted. These funds are likely to practice illegal, undeclared and unregulated fishing (INN fishing). This clandestine activity is very recurrent in Ivorian waters. This is illustrated by the number of suspicious vessels detected by SAR radar imagery which is greater compared to declared or authorized vessels.

关键词： INN Fishing CFAR Algorithm AIS Sentinel-1A Ivory Coast

Fatty Acid Composition of Hazelnut Kernel Oil from Coula edulis Collected in the Republic of Congo

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 290-297页

作者： Josiane Enzonga Yoca jean Paul Latran Ossoko Yves Okandza Michel Didace Mvoula Tsieri Laboratoire de Contrô le et Qualit&#233 des Aliments de l&#8217Ecole Nationale Sup&#233rieure d&#8217Agronomie et de Foresterie Universit&#233 Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Université Denis Sassou NGUESSO Brazzaville Congo

Coula edulis is non-timber forest product (NTFP) used in Africa for its hazelnuts, which contain edible seeds with a demonstrated nutritional potential. However, there have been very few scientific studies of this species in the Republic of Congo. Thus, the aim of the current study was therefore to determine the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from Coula edulis hazelnut seeds collected at random in the Republic of Congo. The oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and its fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. The extracted oil from Coula edulis hazelnut kernels is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (95.28%), particularly oleic acid (94.5%), which classifies it as an oleic oil and gives it interesting nutritional and therapeutic properties. On the other hand, saturated fatty acids (4.15%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (0.35%) are not well represented. Its low poly-unsaturated fatty acid content makes it more stable when stored at room temperature.

关键词： Coula edulis Fatty Acids Oil Seeds Hazelnuts Republic of Congo NTFP

Uncovering the Challenges of Faecal Sludge Management in Benin’s Urban Hubs: The Cases of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第7期15卷 767-780页

作者： Nikita Topanou Blaise Agbatchi Gouvidé jean Gbaguidi Jacques Fatombi Fidèle Paul Tchobo Kaba Laboratory of Chemical Research and Application (LaKReCA) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology of Natitingou University of Abomey Natitingou Bnin Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi (LERCA/EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Bnin

The issue of faecal sludge management in developing countries remains a significant challenge due to the indiscriminate discharge of sludge into the environment. This practice generates more environmental problems than it solves. This study aims to assess the management of household faecal sludge in the communes of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, Benin, in order to optimise the best storage conditions for subsequent more effective treatment. To this end, a sociological survey was conducted among households in Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, as well as among manual emptiers. The results of our studies revealed that two types of latrines are used in households. 20.55% of households use traditional latrines, while 59.83% use ordinary latrines. 7.97% of households use both types of latrine. Moreover, the depth of the latrines varies from 2.5 m to 7 m in Abomey-Calavi and from 2.5 m to 8 m in Natitingou. Among households with a latrine, 28.26% empty their pit at least once, while 71.74% have never emptied it. The emptying cost varies between 35,000 FCFA and 90,000 FCFA. The mixing of faecal sludge with solid waste, including plastic materials, makes emptying difficult due to the obstruction of the vacuum pump. The results obtained will serve as a reliable database to facilitate decision-making in the context of faecal sludge management.

关键词： Management Faecal Sludge Valorization Benin

贵州惠水仰天窝竖井大熊猫化石的发现及其意义

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地质论评 2024年第3期70卷 1121-1126页

作者：王德远 jean BOTTAZZI 周文龙李威胡晚枚吕小溪贵州省山地资源研究所贵阳550001 贵州省喀斯特洞穴(旅游)资源开发利用工程技术研究中心贵阳550001 贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院贵阳550025

晚更新世的大熊猫广泛分布于中国华南地区,化石分布点众多,但完整保存的骨骼材料相对较少。文中报道了贵州惠水县仰天窝竖井新发现的完整大熊猫头骨化石,仰天窝竖井—白马洞因其特殊的洞穴环境为化石的保藏创造了有利条件。根据测量数据... 详细信息

晚更新世的大熊猫广泛分布于中国华南地区,化石分布点众多,但完整保存的骨骼材料相对较少。文中报道了贵州惠水县仰天窝竖井新发现的完整大熊猫头骨化石,仰天窝竖井—白马洞因其特殊的洞穴环境为化石的保藏创造了有利条件。根据测量数据,仰天窝大熊猫个体牙齿比现生大熊猫略大,应属于巴氏大熊猫。AMS—^(14)C测年结果为22887~22431 a BP,时代处于末次盛冰期前后,新材料的发现为推断大熊猫在晚更新世末期的分布范围、生存演化等问题提供了难得的实证。

关键词：大熊猫化石晚更新世仰天窝竖井喀斯特洞穴

Evaluation of Rhizobium tropici-Derived Extracellular Polymeric Substances on Selected Soil Properties, Seed Germination, and Growth of Black-Eyed Peas (Vigna unguiculata)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 548-564页

作者： Jonathan Alunge Metuge Erneste Havugimana jean Rugandirababisha Zachary N. Senwo Marie Chantal Mutimawurugo Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Department of Crop Science College of Agriculture Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda (UR-CAVM) Kigali Rwanda

Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.

关键词： Rhizobium tropici Extracellular Polymeric Substances Soil Respiration Soil Microbial Biomass Black-Eyed Peas

Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

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Health 2024年第1期16卷 9-21页

作者： jean Ndibi Abanda Anicet Onana Akoa Désiré Tchoffo Ulrich Dama Pierre Yassa Yoniene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lisala (CIREP-UNILIS) Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo National Order of Medical and Sanitary Professions Yaounde Cameroon School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon World Health Organization Maroua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine University Simon Kimbangu Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup cor

关键词： Ethics Human Resources Management Cameroonian Health System Medical Nomadism Ineffectiveness High Blood Pressure

Outcomes of a non-randomised audit of single pigtail suture stents in urolithiasis management of Asian patients in Singapore

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 324-330页

作者： Ee jean Lim Zhen Wei Choo Reshma Mangat Pradeep Durai Sarvajit Biligere Yiquan Tan Loh Hin Yeung Marcus Nicole Andrea Seet Li Ting Chin Tiong Heng Stefania Ferreti Vineet Gauhar Urology Department Singapore General HospitalSingapore Urology Department Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore Urology Department Ng Teng Fong HospitalSingapore Urology Department Azienda Ospedaliera-Uiversitaria(Hospital and University of Parma)ParmaItaly

Objective:Double-J(DJ)ureteric stents are commonly placed perioperatively for semirigid or flexible ureteroscopic renal *** is believed that lesser stent material within the bladder mitigates stent-related *** study aimed to evaluate the J-Fil ureteral stent,a single pigtail suture stent compared with conventional DJ stent in relation to stent symptoms in an Asian population undergoing ureterorenal ***:Based on internal audit committee recommendation approval,the records of 50 patients retrieved,available data of 41 patients who were prospectively enrolled into two groups(Group 1[J-Fil stent group],n=21 and Group 2[DJ stent group],n=20)between August 2020 to January 2021,were *** compared were nature of procedure,stone location and size,ease of deployment or removal,and complications.A modified universal stent symptom questionnaire was used to assess morbidity of stent symptoms within 48 h of insertion and at ***:Both groups had similar median age,distribution in male to female ratio,and stone *** overall median universal stent symptom questionnaire score at insertion was similar for bladder pain,flank or loin pain,and quality of life between Group 1 and 2;however,at removal Group 1 fared significantly better than Group 2,especially for flank or loin pain and pain at *** groups had similar ease in insertion with no hospital ***:Our audit favoured the single pigtail suture stent in Asian ureters in mitigating stent-related *** showed a good safety profile with easy deployment and *** promises a new standard in stenting.

关键词： Stent Ureteroscopy Pigtail suture stent Asianpatient Flexible ureteroscopic renal surgery

Detection of Adenovirus in Fresh Fruit, Vegetables, Wastewater and Manure from Irrigated Farms in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 644-662页

作者： Kuan Abdoulaye Traore Madou Sanou jean Bienvenue Ouoba Bruno Lalidia Ouoba Pierre Roques Nicolas Barro Laboratoire de Biologie Molculaire dEpidmiologie et de Surveillance des Bactries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (LaSVT) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Virology Unit Institut Pasteur de Guine Conakry Guinea

Enteric viral pathogens are responsible for numerous epidemics associated with the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable, whether raw or minimally processed. The aim of the present study was to assess agricultural practices and the presence of adenovirus (AdV) in fruits and vegetables, manure and irrigation wastewater sampled in the urban and peri-urban perimeters of Ouagadougou. A total of 286 samples including 30 lettuces, 42 tomatoes, 30 carrots, 30 strawberries, 74 manures and 80 wastewater samples were collected from four market garden sites in and around Ouagadougou. Nested PCR was performed with specific primers to detect adenoviruses (AdVs). A face-to-face survey was carried out using a questionnaire on market garden production practices. Overall, adenoviruses prevalence was 5.9% [IC95, 3.2% - 8.7%] in all samples analyzed. It was specifically 7.14% (3/42) from tomatoes, 6.7% (2/30) from lettuces, 20% (6/30) on strawberries and 7.5% (6/80) in irrigation water. The survey showed that irrigation water came from untreated sources (dam, well, canal) and then 52% of farms used untreated manure. No farms have implemented measures to limit access by domestic and wild animals. This work shows the presence of human adenoviruses in surface irrigation water and fresh produce, which is of concern when fresh produce is consumed raw. To reduce the public health risks associated with consuming these foods, it is essential to follow good hygiene and cultivation practices.

关键词： Adenovirus Raw Fruits and Vegetables Nested PCR Wastewater Manure Ouagadougou

Survival Rate and Factors Influencing It in Triptorelin-Castrated Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第3期14卷 160-172页

作者： Sossa jean Vissoh Gilvias Yevi Dodji Magloire Inès Hodonou Fred Avakoudjo Déjinnin Josué Georges Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga Cotonou Bénin

Background: Most newly diagnosed prostate cancers in Benin are metastatic diseases and patients are reluctant to undergo orchiectomy. Still, chemical androgen deprivation therapy is not always available and not every patient can afford it. Thus, it will be interesting to evaluate the results of that therapy in the country. Objective: To analyze the survival rate and factors influencing it in metastatic prostate cancer patients who underwent triptorelin-based androgen deprivation therapy at the former Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. Patients and Method: Metastatic prostate cancer patients received intragluteal injections of triptorelin 11.25 mg every 3 months. We retrospectively collected follow-up data from the patients’ medical records. By means of the software StataTM version 15, we performed a descriptive analysis of qualitative data. We used Kaplan-Meir method to estimate the overall survival rate in the whole cohort and in specific subgroups of patients. We compared survival rates by using the log-rank test. Results: 68 metastatic prostate cancer patients aged 47-86 years (mean = 69.9) with initial PSA ranging from 24.25 to 6334 ng/mL (mean = 666.1) started triptorelin-based castration. The tumor grade in 21 (33.3%), 14 (22.2%), 15 (23.8), 8 (12.7%), and 5 (7.9%) patients was respectively ISUP grade groups 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1. 15 (22.1%), 4 (5.9%), 2 (2.9%), 1 (1.5%), 11 (16.2%), and 7 (10.3%) patients respectively had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, asthma, unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis, and paralysis. The mean nadir PSA level was 22.5 ng/mL (range: 0.01-220.25). The mean time to nadir PSA level was 8.9 months (range: 3-57). The overall survival rate was 42.6%. There was no significant survival difference between age groups (p = 0.475), relating to the presence of diabetes or hypertension (p = 0.757) or to the presence of paralysis or hydronephrosis (p = 0.090). The initial PSA level exert

关键词： Metastatic Prostate Cancer Androgen Deprivation Therapy Overall Survival PSA Nadir