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Neisseria meningitis serogroup X outbreak in Burkina Faso,2009-2010

Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 41-49页

作者： Seydou Yaro Aly Drabo Soumeya Ouangraoua Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou Judith Mueller Oumar Sanou Haoua Tall Phillip Jaillard Berthe-Marie Njanpop-Lafourcade jean Macq Annie Robert jean bosco ouedraogo Centre Muraz Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Pole Epidémiologie et Biostatistique Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique(IREC)Faculte de Sante Publique(FSP)Universite Catholique de Louvain(UCL)LouvainBelgique Agence de Médecine Préventive(AMP) ParisFrance Institut de Recherche Sante et Societe(IRSS) Faculte de Sante Publique(FSP)Universite Catholique de Louvain(UCL)LouvainBelgique

Background: Centre MURAZ of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) organized in 2009 and 2010 a system of Cerobro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) collection in eight pilot Districts as an initial step for the future Ministry of Health’s led strategy of individual surveillance in a context of meningococcal conjugate A vaccine introduction. Methods: CSF samples were analyzed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This allowed for meningitis etiologies dynamics studies in the pilot Districts. Results: Because of geographical difficulties and lack of means, less than 40% of suspected cases had their CSF analyzed at PCR reference laboratory. In 2009, among confirmed cases at reference laboratory, Sp (Streptococcus pneumonia), NmA (Neisseria meningitis A) and Hib (Hemophilus influenzae b) were responsible respectively for 90%, 6.6% and 4.4% of cases. In 2010, serogroup distribution among confirmed cases was: Sp 62.7%, NmX 32.2% and NmA 5.1%. Sp which was continuously present in Burkina Faso takes more significant proportions, just as serogroup X which until there was sporadically encountered. The attack rates of NmX were tree to twelve times higher than for NmA in the two Districts where NmX has been notified. Conclusion: As a consequence of such results, efforts must be maintained in epidemiologic surveillance field and in reinforcement of laboratory capacities. Fast care should be guaranteed to patients with adequate antibiotics according to country national guideline and chemoprophylaxis measures should be undertaken among contacts of patients to prevent secondary cases. A plea must be made on one hand for pneumococcal vaccine introduction in Burkina Faso and on other hand towards manufacturers for taking into account serogroup X into meningococcal polyvalent vaccine composition. With this polyvalent vaccine including serougruop X, we suggested to conduct periodically mass campaign vaccination of people before the beginning of meningitis epidemiological season.

关键词： Epidemiologic Surveillance Pneumococcal NmX Emergence Meningitis Burkina Faso

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Management Problems of Trans-Frontier Yellow Fever Cases in Burkina Faso 2010

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2013年第2期3卷 84-88页

作者： Seydou Yaro Aline R. Ouoba Alidou Zango Jérémi Rouamba Aly Drabo Soumeya Ouangraoua Fati Samandoulougou-Kirakoya jean Macq Annie Robert jean bosco ouedraogo Centre Muraz Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

This last decade, Burkina Faso has been confronted with yellow fever confirmed cases, mainly from Western part of the country. In 2010, National Reference laboratory of yellow fever received 970 sera of suspected cases from the 65 Health Districts of the country. We found 11 positive results by ELISA test researching specific IgM against yellow fever. An aliquot of these eleven positive sera were sent to Dakar for confirmation by sero neutralization and RT-PCR. Eight have been confirmed by regional laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar and three were classified as doubtful. Confirmed cases were manly notified by Sindou (4/8) and Mangodara (3/8) Health Districts and the last one came from Nongr-masson health District situated in the central part of the country. Three out of the four confirmed cases in Sindou Health District were resident from neighboring village in Ivory Cost. Conformed cases coming from neighboring villages of Ivory Cost were difficult to manage because of the relative lack of coordination between the two health centers responsible in two different countries. The three cases were not notified to Ivory Cost Health authorities and, in addition, they didn’t benefit from the Burkina Faso response plan. The goal of this work is to present results from National Reference yellow fever laboratory in 2010 in Burkina Faso and stressing trans-frontier cases management problems in order to suggest a multinational mechanism of response to fight against this disease more effectively.

关键词： Yellow Fever Surveillance Reference Laboratory Trans-Frontier Burkina Faso

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Traditional Healer’s Medicinal Practice Survey and Clinical Evidence Assessment of “YIKI”: An Antimalarial Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Zachari Kabre Rakiswende Serge Yerbanga Aminata Fofana Roland Nâg-Tiero Meda Anyirekun Fabrice Some Alassane Haro Natacha A. J. A. Boro Fazhira B. Ye Benjamin Kouliga Koama Sami Eric Kam Eliasse Zongo Hadidjatou Belèm Windmi Kagambèga Florence Fournet Georges A. ouedraogo jean-bosco ouedraogo Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et dEnseignement en Sant et Biotechnologies Animales Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Bactriologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Maladies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is an antimalarial phytomedicine used by a traditional healer to treat malaria in Bobo-Dioulasso. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by local populations. The aim of this study was to identify the medicinal practices of the healer holder of YIKI and assess the clinical evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplicated malaria treatment. Ethnomedical survey based on a semi-structured and open questionnaire was conducted from October to December 2019 with the healer. Malaria knowledge and diagnosis methods, patient treatment and monitoring, and recipe formulation steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick and thin blood smears were taken, haemoglobin levels and temperature of consenting patients were measured before treatment, mid-treatment and at the end of treatment. The survey revealed that the healer has a good knowledge of malaria symptoms and his diagnosis is based on observation and physical examination of patients. The healer’s malaria diagnosis was rudimentary and had accuracy problems, with only 62.79% of malaria cases confirmed by microscopy. The formulation of YIKI and its use to treat malaria follow a standard process for plant harvesting, powder quantities and posology, but do not use any reproducible parameters for dose adjustment. Forty-three patients diagnosed and treated by the healer participated in the study. Laboratory results revealed 27 Plasmodium falciparum infection cases, including 2 with parasitaemia ≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 patients were selected for therapeutic evidence assessment. There was a 48% elimination of parasites, a 28% parasitaemia decrease without complete cure, with gametocytogenesis in some patients, and a 24% parasitaemia increase. Haemoglobin and temperature results suggested that YIKI was not cytotoxic and reduced fever. Encouraging preliminary results have been obtained, but in view of the low number of patients, further YIKI efficacy and toxicity studies will be necessary for patient safety.

关键词： Antimalarial-Phytomedicine Efficacy Traditional Practices Bobo-Dioulasso

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Neuro-fuzzy and model-based motion control for mobile manipulator among dynamic obstacles

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Science in China(Series F) 2003年第1期46卷 14-30页

作者：魏武 jean bosco Mbede 黄心汉张毅 Department of Automation Tsinghua University Departement des Genies Industrie Universit de Yaound I Ecole Nationals Superieure Polytechnique Department of Control Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology

This paper focuses on autonomous motion control of a nonholonomic platform with a robotic arm, which is called mobile manipulator. It serves in transportation of loads in imperfectly known industrial environments with unknown dynamic obstacles. A union of both procedures is used to solve the general problems of collision-free motion. The problem of collision-free motion for mobile manipulators has been approached from two directions, Planning and Reactive Control. The dynamic path planning can be used to solve the problem of locomotion of mobile platform, and reactive approaches can be employed to solve the motion planning of the arm. The execution can generate the commands for the servo-systems of the robot so as to follow a given nominal trajectory while reacting in real-time to unexpected events. The execution can be designed as an Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Controller. In real world systems, sensor-based motion control becomes essential to deal with model uncertainties and unexpected obstacles.

关键词： autonomous mobile manipulators dynamic obstacle avoidance dynamic path planning model and sensor-based control neuro-fuzzy controller nonholonomic and redundant systems.

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智能RLED动态目标中机器手的模糊鲁棒控制系统(英文)

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控制理论与应用 2001年第6期18卷 871-875,881页

作者：魏武黄心汉 jean bosco Mbede 长沙交通学院道路与交通工程系长沙410076 华中科技大学控制科学与工程系武汉430074

给出了一种电机驱动机器手中非线性机电模型的模糊鲁棒闭环控制系统 ,此控制系统可处理非结构环境下的三个主要的智能机器人导航问题 :自动化规划、快速连续导航中的避障、处理结构和 (或 )

关键词： RLED 机器手动态目标电机驱动模糊鲁棒控制系统

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New Optimal Pivot Rule for the Simplex Algorithm

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2016年第10期6卷 647-658页

作者： jean bosco Etoa Etoa Department of Economic and Management Sciences University of Yaounde II Soa Cameroon

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new pivot rule of the simplex algorithm. The simplex algorithm first presented by George B. Dantzig, is a widely used method for solving a linear programming problem (LP). One of the important steps of the simplex algorithm is applying an appropriate pivot rule to select the basis-entering variable corresponding to the maximum reduced cost. Unfortunately, this pivot rule not only can lead to a critical cycling (solved by Bland’s rules), but does not improve efficiently the objective function. Our new pivot rule 1) solves the cycling problem in the original Dantzig’s simplex pivot rule, and 2) leads to an optimal improvement of the objective function at each iteration. The new pivot rule can lead to the optimal solution of LP with a lower number of iterations. In a maximization problem, Dantzig’s pivot rule selects a basis-entering variable corresponding to the most positive reduced cost;in some problems, it is well-known that Dantzig’s pivot rule, before reaching the optimal solution, may visit a large number of extreme points. Our goal is to improve the simplex algorithm so that the number of extreme points to visit is reduced;we propose an optimal improvement in the objective value per unit step of the basis-entering variable. In this paper, we propose a pivot rule that can reduce the number of such iterations over the Dantzig’s pivot rule and prevent cycling in the simplex algorithm. The idea is to have the maximum improvement in the objective value function: from the set of basis-entering variables with positive reduced cost, the efficient basis-entering variable corresponds to an optimal improvement of the objective function. Using computational complexity arguments and some examples, we prove that our optimal pivot rule is very effective and solves the cycling problem in LP. We test and compare the efficiency of this new pivot rule with Dantzig’s original pivot rule and the simplex algorithm in MATLAB environment.

关键词： Linear Programming Simplex Algorithm Pivot Rules Optimal Pivot Rule

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Pharmacological properties and related constituents of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.(Fabaceae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第1期5卷 46-51页

作者： ouedraogo Noufou Sawadogo Richard Wamtinga Tibiri Andre Bayet Christine Lompo Marius Hay A Emmanuelle Koudou jean Dijoux Marie-Genevieve Guissou Innocent Pierre Departement de medecine-pharmacopee traditionnelle/pharmacie(IRSS/CNRST) 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso Laboratoire de pharmacologie et toxicologie UFR/SDSUniversite de Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Universite de Lyon F-69622LyonFrance Universite Lyon I Villeurbanne CNRS UMR 5557Ecologie MicrobienneISPB69373 LyonFrance Laboratoire de chimie des substances naturelles Faculte des SciencesUniversite de Bangui.BP908Bangui.Republique Centrafricaine Departement de medecine-pharmacopee traditionnelle/pharmacie(IRSS/CNRST) 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso Laboratoire de pharmacologie et toxicologieUFR/SDSUniversite de Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso

Objective:To sereen methanol and dichloromethane extracts of stem bark of Pterocarpus erinaceus for anti-inflammatory,*** vitro antioxidant activities and phytochemical ***:Anti-inflammatory activity was detcrmined by using carrageenan inducededema of mice paw and croton oil-induced edema of mice ear:analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced *** screening of extracts was performed by thin layer *** chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of main active components as *** and *** structures were established hy TLC and nuclear magnetic resonance ***:Both methanol and dichloromethane extracts, *** and epicatechin showed a significant anti—inflammatory effect using croton oil induced—ear ***,the action of dichloroinethane extract was more important. At the doses of 100 and 200 mg/*** methanol extract was able to reduce the carrageeuan induced-hind paw edema,while al the doses of 100.200 and 400 mg/*** showed an important analgesic effect against writhing induced by acetic acid injection of 38.8%.68.0%and 74.3%, *** properties of methanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions were assessed by using the 1,1—diphenyl—2—picrylhydrazyl *** methanol extract showed the stronger radical scavenging activity than dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions,with an antiradical power of 5.3.5 and 2 *** main components isolated from these extracts as friedelin,lupeol and epicathechin were responsible of these ***:The results suggest that the stem hark extracts of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed important *** activities and strong antioxidant properties, therefore,they could he used as natural potential ingredients for pharma ceutical industry.

关键词： Pterocarpus erinaceus Phytochemical Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Antioxidant

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Study on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Cybersecurity in Companies: Case of Companies in Burkina Faso

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第12期15卷 798-809页

作者： Yanogo Kiswendsida jean Hermann ouedraogo Tounwendyam Frederic Institute of Computer Engineering Telecommunication Polytechnic School of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Poorly secured connected objects can compromise the security of an entire company, or even paralyze others. As useful as they are, they can be open doors for computer attacks against the company. To protect themselves, large companies set up expensive infrastructures to analyze the data that circulates inside and outside the company. They install a SOC, a Security Operation Center whose objective is to identify and analyze, using various tools, the level of protection of a company and, if necessary, to alert on vulnerabilities and leaks of security data. However, the attack detection capabilities of traditional systems are based on a base of known signatures. Problem is that it is increasingly rare to have to face threats whose signature is unknown. Artificial intelligence, on the contrary, does not look for fingerprints in the packets carrying the attack, but rather analyzes how these packets are arranged. The objective of this study is to show that the use of artificial intelligence in companies may be low and to show the positive impacts of its use compared to the traditional system used in companies. We also simulate an attack on a system equipped with artificial intelligence to highlight the advantages of AI in a computer attack. This research is important because it highlights the risks that companies expose themselves to by always remaining secure in their systems based on traditional techniques. The aim of this research is to show the advantages that AI offers on cyber security compared to the traditional security system. The expected result is to show the existing issues regarding the rate of use of AI on cybersecurity in Burkina Faso. .

关键词： Cybersecurity Artificial Intelligence Computer System Computer Attack In-formation Security

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Flaws in the Field of Digital Security in the Workplace: Case of Companies in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第12期12卷 2124-2134页

作者： Yanogo Kiswendsida jean Hermann ouedraogo Tounwendyam Frederic Institute of Computer Engineering and Telecommunication Polytechnic School of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Digital in the daily life of companies undeniably leads them to use services and applications of all kinds. Companies in their permanent quest for the exchange of information devote themselves to the use of the Internet which nowadays constitutes an open door for the birth of several types of faults, some of which are unknown to certain digital professionals in the field. Corporate. The purpose of this research is to show the probable existence of digital security flaws in the daily activities carried out by companies in Burkina Faso. In companies in Burkina Faso, we seem to see a way of working that does not respect the standards and safety standards prescribed by ISO 27001. We seem to see a way of working based on the result of the gain and not on the securities measures and integrity of critical data, data confidentiality, management and prevention of possible security risks related to their activities. We seem to be witnessing in companies the immanent presence of faults which could be the work of the users of the system, of the infrastructure used which is outdated or badly configured, of software anomalies linked to programming errors, and to poor implementation of the security policy within the companies. This research is important because it exposes the handicaps that companies have in terms of digital security. The expected result is to bring out existing flaws that are not taken seriously by IT staff and propose possible solutions to overcome these security risks.

关键词： Security Risks Digital Security Flaws Integrity of Critical Data

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Risk Factors in Pregnant Women at Selected Health Facilities in Kigali City, Rwanda

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2016年第4期6卷 269-276页

作者： jean Baptsite Niyibizi Florien Safari jean bosco Ahishakiye jean bosco Habimana Herbert Mapira Ngule Chrispus Mutuku Pan African University Institute of Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Nyagatare Hospital Nyagatare Rwanda Rwinkwavu Hospital Kayonza Rwanda Gisenyi Hospital Rubavu Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda Center for Traditional Medicine and Drugs Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy that causes chronic hypertension, increased rate of cesarean delivery, fetal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early diagnosis of GDM is vital to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. Moreover, it can circumvent or procrastinate the onset of type 2 diabetes. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GDM in pregnant women attending Kimironko, Kicukiro and Muhima Health Centres. The specific objectives were to determine the blood glucose during the second trimester in pregnant women aged between 21 and 45 years, to find out the frequencies of pregnant women presenting with GDM according to age and to assess some promising risk factors associated with GDM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Kimironko, Kicukiro and Muhima Health centers using a sample size of 96 pregnant women. Blood glucose levels were measured using glucose oxidase method with a glucometer. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Office Excel and SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 96 pregnant women who participated in the study, 8.3% were found to have GDM with the mean ± 2SD of 194.12 ± 25.53 mg/dl of their blood glucose results (Mean ± 2SD: A 95% level of confidence Intervals). The highest proportion of GDM was revealed in pregnant women aged between 26 - 30 years, representing a frequency of 5.2% whereas 2.1% of GDM was reflected in women aged between 21 - 25 years. The lowest proportion of GDM fell in age group of 31 - 35 years contributing to 1% of the total GDM. There were no cases of GDM in pregnant women in the 36 - 40 or 41 - 45 age groups. The mean ± 2SD of participant’s age groups was 27.12 ± 5.01 years. In addition, while obesity did not show to be associated with GDM, age and family history were found to be risk factors of GDM. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that the prevalence of GDM was 8.3% and the most affected pregnant women

关键词： Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Prevalence Pregnancy Age Group Risk Factors

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