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Heat and drought impact on carbon exchange in an age-sequence of temperate pine forests

Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 108-125页

作者： M.Altaf Arain Bing Xu jason j.brodeur Myroslava Khomik Matthias Peichl Eric Beamesderfer Natalia Restrepo‑Couple Robin Thorne School of Earth Environment and Society and McMaster Centre for Climate ChangeMcMaster University1280 Main Street WestHamiltonON L8S 4K1Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of CalgaryAlbertaCanada Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden School of Informatics Computingand Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Department of Geography Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONCanada

Background:Most North American temperate forests are plantation or regrowth forests,which are actively *** forests are in different stages of their growth cycles and their ability to sequester atmospheric carbon is affected by extreme weather *** this study,the impact of heat and drought events on carbon sequestration in an age‑sequence(80,45,and 17 years as of 2019)of eastern white pine(Pinus strobus L.)forests in southern Ontario,Canada was examined using eddy covariance flux measurements from 2003 to ***:Over the 17‑year study period,the mean annual values of net ecosystem productivity(NEP)were 180±96,538±177 and 64±165 g C m^(–2)yr^(–1)in the 80‑,45‑and 17‑year‑old stands,respectively,with the highest annual carbon sequestration rate observed in the 45‑year‑old *** found that air temperature(Ta)was the dominant control on NEP in all three different‑aged stands and drought,which was a limiting factor for both gross ecosystem productivity(GEP)and ecosystems respiration(RE),had a smaller impact on ***,the simultaneous occurrence of heat and drought events during the early growing seasons or over the consecutive years had a significant negative impact on annual NEP in all three *** observed a similar trend of NEP decline in all three stands over three consecutive years that experienced extreme weather events,with 2016 being a hot and dry,2017 being a dry,and 2018 being a hot *** youngest stand became a net source of carbon for all three of these years and the oldest stand became a small source of carbon for the first time in 2018 since observations started in ***,in 2019,all three stands reverted to annual net carbon ***:Our study results indicate that the timing,frequency and concurrent or consecutive occurrence of extreme weather events may have significant implications for carbon sequestration in temperate conifer forests in Eastern North *** study is one of few globally available t

关键词： Carbon fluxes Net ecosystem productivity Ecosystem respiration Extreme weather events Drought Temperate forest White pine Eddy covariance

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Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon j. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. Adam Mott jason C.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： jason Philip Appleton Lisa j Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy j England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir john Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 155-187页

作者： Michael Yu Kevin Qin jiaming Fan Guozhi Zhao Piao Zhao Wei Zeng Connie Chen Annie Wang Yonghui Wang jiamin Zhong Yi Zhu William Wagstaff Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin Ho Michael j.Lee jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-Chuan He School of Medicine Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molecular Oncology Laboratory Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedic Surgery The First Affliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China

The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in develop-ment and adult tissue homeostasis across *** proteins are secreted,lipid-modified signaling molecules that activate the canonical(β-catenin dependent)and non-canonical(β-catenin independent)Wnt signaling *** behaviors such as proliferation,differ-entiation,maturation,and proper body-axis specification are carried out by the canonical pathway,which is the best characterized of the known Wnt signaling *** signaling has emerged as an important factor in stem cell biology and is known to affect the self-renewal of stem cells in various *** includes but is not limited to embryonic,hematopoietic,mesenchymal,gut,neural,and epidermal stem *** signaling has also been implicated in tumor cells that exhibit stem cell-like *** signaling is crucial for bone formation and presents a potential target for the development of therapeutics for bone *** surprisingly,aberrant Wnt signaling is also associated with a wide variety of diseases,including *** of Wnt pathway members in cancer can lead to unchecked cell proliferation,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and ***,advances in the understand-ing of dysregulated Wnt signaling in disease have paved the way for the development of novel therapeutics that target components of the Wnt *** with a brief overview of the mechanisms of canonical and non-canonical Wnt,this review aims to summarize the cur-rent knowledge of Wnt signaling in stem cells,aberrations to the Wnt pathway associated with diseases,and novel therapeutics targeting the Wnt pathway in preclinical and clinical studies.

关键词： β-Catenin Cancer Canonical Wnt Disease Non-canonical Wnt Stem cells Targeted therapy Wnt signaling

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman jason Lynch Christopher E.Stevens Christopher Munley Chentao Li jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar Pjames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan joshua R.Hendrickson Deep jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

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iGluR expression in the hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2197-2199页

作者： jason HY Yeung Henry j Waldvogel Richard LM Faull Andrea Kwakowsky Centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)constitutes the largest proportion of dementia worldwide,with a significant associated medical *** major pathological hallmarks of AD include the gradual accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein(Revett et al.,2013).Whilst investigations centered around the tau and Aβhypothesis have been the main focus for the previous decades,the lack of therapeutic solutions has pushed for research into other potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ tau

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The Use and Exchange of Biological Control Agents for Food and Agriculture

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中国生物防治学报 2010年第S1期26卷 123-127页

作者： j.C.van Lenteren M.j.W.Cock j.brodeur B.Barratt F.Bigler K.Bolckmans F.Haas P.G.Mason j.R.P.Parra Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen UniversityP.O.Box80316700 EH WageningenNetherlands CABI Europe-Switzerland Rue des Grillons 1CH-2800 DelémontSwitzerland Institut de recherche en biologie végétale Universitéde Montréal4101rue Sher-brooke EstMontréal(Québec)Canada AgResearch Limited Invermay Agricultural CentrePuddle AlleyPrivate Bag 50034Mos-gielNew Zealand Agroscope Reckenholz-Tanikon Research Station ART Reckenholzstrasse 191CH-8046 ZurichSwitzerland Koppert B.V. Veilingweg 14Postbus 1552650 AD Berkel en RodenrijsThe Netherlands Icipe Duduville CampusKasaraniP.O.Box30772-00100NairobiKenya Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research CentreK.W.Neatby Building960 Carling AvenueOttawaOntario K1A0C6Canada Departamento de Entomologia Fitopatologia e Zoologia AgrícolaESALQ/USP.Caixa Postal0913418-900 Piracicaba-SPBrazil

The report sets out to summarize the past and current situation regarding the practice of biologicalcontrol inrelationtothe use and exchange of genetic resources relevant for *** considers the twomain categories of biological control:classical and *** access to BCAs for use inanother country imposes no risk of liability to the source *** scientific knowledge abouthabitats,fauna andflora,can be

关键词： The Use and Exchange of Biological Control Agents for Food and Agriculture

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Data-augmentation for graph neural network learning of the relaxed energies of unrelaxed structures

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2037-2043页

作者： jason Gibson Ajinkya Hire Richard G.Hennig Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Quantum Theory Project University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

Computational materials discovery has grown in utility over the past decade due to advances in computing power and crystal structure prediction algorithms(CSPA).However,the computational cost of the ab initio calculations required by CSPA limits its utility to small unit cells,reducing the compositional and structural space the algorithms can *** studies have bypassed unneeded ab initio calculations by utilizing machine learning to predict the stability of a ***,graph neural networks trained on large datasets of relaxed structures display high fidelity in predicting formation ***,the geometries of structures produced by CSPA deviate from the relaxed state,which leads to poor predictions,hindering the model’s ability to filter unstable *** remedy this behavior,we propose a simple,physically motivated,computationally efficient perturbation technique that augments training data,improving predictions on unrelaxed structures by 66%.Finally,we show how this error reduction can accelerate CSPA.

关键词： material relaxed utilizing

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Satellite All-sky Infrared Radiance Assimilation:Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第1期39卷 9-21页

作者： jun LI Alan jGEER Kozo OKAMOTO jason AOTKIN Zhiquan LIU Wei HAN Pei WANG Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-Madison53706U.S.A. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ReadingRG29AXU.K. Meteorological Research Institute Japan Meteorological AgencyTsukuba305-0052Japan National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder80301U.S.A. National Meteorological Center of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China

Satellite infrared(IR)sounder and imager measurements have become one of the main sources of data used by data assimilation systems to generate initial conditions for numerical weather prediction(NWP)models and atmospheric analysis/*** paper reviews the development of satellite IR data assimilation in NWP in recent years,especially the assimilation of all-sky satellite IR *** major challenges and future directions are outlined and discussed.

关键词： satellite data assimilation all-sky radiances variational and ensemble data assimilation

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Design of synthetic materials for intracellular delivery of RNAs： From siRNA-mediated gene silencing to CRISPR/Cas gene editing

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5310-5337页

作者： jason B. Miller Daniel j. Siegwart Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA

Ribonucleic acids （RNAs） possess great therapeutic potential and can be used to treat a variety of diseases. The unique biophysical properties of RNAs, such as high molecular weight, negative charge, hydrophilicity, low stability, and potential immunogenicity, require chemical modification and development of carriers to enable intracellular delivery of RNAs for clinical use. A variety of nanornaterials have been developed for the effective in vivo delivery of short/ small RNAs, messenger RNAs, and RNAs required for gene editing technologies including clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/Cas. This review outlines the challenges of delivering RNA therapeutics, explores the chemical synthesis of RNA modifications and carriers, and describes the efforts to design nanomaterials that can be used for a variety of clinical indications.

关键词： nucleic acid therapeutics nanoparticles synthetic nanomaterials RNA interference (RNAi) messenger RNA (mRNA) clustered regularly inter-spaced palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/Cas

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