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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1848-1849页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah james st.john Jenny Ekberg Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustraliaClem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell ResearchGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)are crucial players in the continuous regeneration of the olfactory nervous system that occurs through out life and are thought to have unique growth-promoting *** this reason,OEC transplantation has been thoroughly explored for the potential to promote neural repair after both central and peripheral nervous system *** studies have shown that OEC transplantation is safe and can promote recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI),both in animal models and in human clinical *** date,a variety of injury types and time-points after injury,as well as different delivery methods,have been *** have been encouraging(in rodent models including,for example,restoration of locomotion,breathing and climbing ability along with induction of axonal sprouting and some axonal regeneration)but highly variable(Barnett and Riddell,2007;Gomez et al.,2018).

关键词： injuries injury limitations

Improving cell transplantation by understanding and manipulating the phagocytic activity of peripheral glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 313-314页

作者： Lynn Nazareth james st.john Jenny Ekberg Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

One of the key challenges in neuroscience is that the central nervous system(CNS;the brain and spinal cord), is largely unable to regene rate after injury. One factor contributing to this lack of repair is the accumulation of cellular and myelin debris at the site of injury. The debris is not efficiently phagocytosed and can persist for years after the initial injury, resulting in an inflammatory environment which inhibits axonal regrowth(Lutz and Barres, 2014).

关键词： debris contributing injury

Factors that modulate olfactory dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1151-1155页

作者： Kate Beecher james A.st.john Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Science Queensland University of Technology Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory system is one of a few areas in the nervous system which is capable of regeneration throughout the *** sensory neurons reside in the nasal cavity are continuously replenished with new neurons arising from stem *** factors such as aging,neurodegenerative diseases,head trauma,brain tumor extraction and infection cause olfactory dysfunction which significantly influences physical wellbeing,quality of life,mental health,nutritional status,memory processes,identifying danger and is associated with increased ***,finding a treatment to improve olfactory dysfunction is *** research efforts in the field have shown some very promising new approaches to treat olfactory *** review explores the current studies that have addressed therapeutic approaches to improve olfactory neuron regeneration based on cell transplantation therapy,modulation of physiological olfactory dysfunction and drug treatments.

关键词： olfactory neuron regeneration anosmia loss of smell degeneration bulbectomy ensheathing cells growth factor epithelium receptor

Neuron-fibrous scaffold interfaces in the peripheral nervous system: a perspective on the structural requirements

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1893-1897页

作者： Sanaz Behtaj james A.st.john Jenny A.K.Ekberg Maksym Rybachuk Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityQueenslandAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery NathanAustralia School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

The nerves of the peripheral nervous system are not able to effectively regenerate in cases of severe neural *** can result in debilitating consequences,including morbidity and lifelong impairments affecting the quality of the patient’s *** findings in neural tissue engineering have opened promising avenues to apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and functional *** scaffolds,known as neural scaffolds,are able to improve neural regeneration by playing two major roles,namely,by being a carrier for transplanted peripheral nervous system cells or biological cues and by providing structural support to direct growing nerve fibers towards the target ***,successful implementation of scaffold-based therapeutic approaches calls for an appropriate design of the neural scaffold structure that is capable of up-and down-regulation of neuron-scaffold interactions in the extracellular matrix *** review discusses the main challenges that need to be addressed to develop and apply fibrous tissue-engineered scaffolds in clinical *** describes some promising solutions that,so far,have shown to promote neural cell adhesion and growth and a potential to repair peripheral nervous system injuries.

关键词： electrospun scaffold extracellular matrix nerve conduit neural tissue engineering physical lumen filler scaffold topography structural support surface interaction

Reliable cell purification and determination of cell purity:crucial aspects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2016-2026页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah Lucy Belt Jenny A.K.Ekberg james A.st.john Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells,the glia of the primary olfactory nervous system,has been trialed for spinal cord injury repair with promising but variable outcomes in animals and *** ensheathing cells can be harvested either from the lamina propria beneath the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity,or from the olfactory bulb in the *** these areas contain several other cell types,isolating and purifying olfactory ensheathing cells is a critical part of the *** is largely unknown how contaminating cells such as fibroblasts,other glial cell types and supporting cells affect olfactory ensheathing cell function post-transplantation;these cells may also cause unwanted *** is also,however,possible that the presence of some of the contaminant cells can improve ***,we reviewed the last decade of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation studies in rodents,with a focus on olfactory ensheathing cell *** analyzed how purification methods and resultant cell purity differed between olfactory mucosa-and olfactory bulb-derived cell *** analyzed how the studies reported on olfactory ensheathing cell purity and which criteria were used to define cells as olfactory ensheathing ***,we analyzed the correlation between cell purity and transplantation *** found that olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cell preparations are typically purer than mucosa-derived *** concluded that there is an association between high olfactory ensheathing cell purity and favourable outcomes,but the lack of olfactory ensheathing cell-specific markers severely hampers the field.

关键词： antibody astrocyte fibroblast glia glial cell injury nerve neuron trauma surgery

Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1820-1826页

作者： Kate Beecher Louise M.Hafner Jenny Ekberg james A.st.john Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such as head trauma and skull base surgery damage the olfactory nerve which lead to olfactory dysfunction. Losing the sense of smell has considerable effects on quality of life and life-expectancy. Therefore, there is a clear need to find a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. One such potential treatment is growth factor therapy which showed promising results in the spinal cord and brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether combined delivery of two growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor treatment can improve the olfactory neurons regeneration in mice. The degeneration of the olfactory neurons was induced by unilateral bulbectomy. The treatment group received 1.5 μg of the combined growth factors intranasally, while the control injured group received saline. Growth factor treatment significantly increased the number of immature neurons at 5 and 7 days post injury and also the number of mature olfactory neurons at 10 and 14 days post bulbectomy. Regenerating axons extended over a larger volume in the operated cavity in the treatment group compared to control group at 14 days post bulbectomy. The growth factor treatment also significantly reduced astrocytic glia scar in the operated cavity. The results indicate that the combined delivery of the growth factors has the potential to improve olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： astrocytes olfactory bulb glial scar axon growth factors neuron

Selective toxicity of hydroxyl-rich carbon nanodots for cancer research

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Nano Research 2018年第4期11卷 2204-2216页

作者： Tak H. Kim Joseph P. Sirdaarta Qian Zhang Ehsan Eftekhari james st. john Derek Kennedy Ian E. Cock Qin Li Queensland Micro and Nano Technology Center & School of Engineering Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan OLD 4111 Australia Australian Rivers Institute & School of Natural Sciences Griffith University 170 Kessels Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Gfiffith University 46 Don Young Rd Nathan QLD 4111 Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Parkland Drive Southport QLD 4222 Australia

The toxicity of nanoparticles in a biological system is an integration of effects arising from surface functionali~ particle size, ionic dissolution, etc. This complexity suggests that generalization of a material＇s toxicity may be inappropriate. Moreover, from a medicinal point of view, toxicity can be used for treatment of malignant cells, such as cancer. In this stud~ highly biocompatible carbon nanodots （gCDs） were synthesized by reacting citric acid and urea in glycerol, which resulted in abundant hydroxyl functional groups on the particle surface. gCDs show excitation-dependent photoluminescence but with bright green to yellow emission. Importantly, a series of toxicity assessments showed that as-synthesized gCDs possessed exceptional biocompatibilities to various biological entities including 18 bacteria species, Petunia axillaris seedlings, and Artemia franciscana nauplii. Furthermore, the particles were shown to have low to no toxic effects on human embryonic kidney （HEK-293）, breast （MCF-7）, and oral squamous （CAL-27） carcinoma cell lines. Of particular interest, the gCDs displayed antiproliferative activities against ovarian choriocarcinoma cells （JAr/Jeg-3 cell lines）, which may be further explored for cancer drug discovery.

关键词： carbon nanodots nanotoxicity fluorescence choriocarcinoma cells thioredoxin reductase

A review of dual-spin projectile stability

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： james Norris Amer Hameed john Economou Simon Parker Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the United KingdomShrivenhamSN68LA United Kingdom BAE Systems United Kingdom

This paper gives a succinct review of dual-spinprojectile stability and some technologies relating to *** describes how the traditional stability factors from linear projectile theory are modified to better describe a controlled dual-spin ***,it reviews works which have investigated how different aspects of a controlled dual-spin design can affect flight stability,primarily airframe structure and canard properties.A conclusion is given,highlighting important guidelines from the enclosed discussions.

关键词： Guided projectiles Dual-spin Gyroscopic Dynamic stability Canards

Olfactory ensheathing cells for spinal cord repair: crucial differences between subpopulations of the glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jenny A.K.Ekberg james A.st.john Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology

OECs for spinal cord repair： Is repairing the iniured spinal cord by olfactory ensheathing cell （OEC） transplantation pos- sible？ A recent human trial in which a paralysed man regained some function after transplantation of partially purified OECs suggests that this therapy may be a successful approach （Ta- bakow et al., 2014）. In another human trial in which olfactory mucosa lamina propria was transplanted, patients recovered some motor and sensory function （Wang et al., 2015）. While these results show promise, it is clear that improvements are needed to provide patients with increased functional output. strategies to improve the therapeutic use of OECs may include improving the purification of the OECs used for transplantation, using them in combination with growth factors to combat the inhibitory environment and improve anon growth, the use of nerve bridges, advanced physiotherapy and the use of exo- skeleton robotics to reinforce functional connections. Of all these approaches, it is probably is primarily addressed to ensure crucial that the purity of OECs consistency in outcomes.

关键词： cell Olfactory ensheathing cells for spinal cord repair crucial differences between subpopulations of the glia

Radial glia interact with primary olfactory axons to regulate development of the olfactory bulb

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 374-376页

作者： Daniel A.Amaya Jenny A.K.Ekberg james A.st.john Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane

The developing olfactory system - merging of the periph- eral and central nervous systems： The olfactory system is responsible for the sense of smell and is comprised of a complex topographic map that regenerates throughout life. In rodents each olfactory sensory neuron expresses one of N 1,300 odorant receptors with the neurons being distributed mosaically within the epithelium. The axons of the sensory neurons do not maintain near-neighbour relationships and instead project to disparate topographic targets in the olfac- tory bulb within the central nervous system. The develop- ment of the targets relies on the intermingling of the sensory axons with the interneurons, glia and second order neurons of the olfactory bulb. Thus the formation of the olfactory system involves the coordinated integration of the axons of the peripheral olfactory sensory neurons with the cells of the olfactory bulb.

关键词： Radial glia interact with primary olfactory axons to regulate development of the olfactory bulb