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Imp.cts of p.3K/p.otein kinase B p.thway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to p.otective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón p.rez-Núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant typ. of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morp.ological and functional *** on their p.enotyp.c classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neurop.otective resp.nses,***,this binary classification does not fully cap.ure the diversity of astrocyte resp.nses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a comp.ex landscap. of gene exp.ession p.ofiles,which emp.asizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively p.rticip.te in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell typ.s,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** p.osp.oinositide 3-kinase(p.3K)/p.otein kinase B(AKT)signaling p.thway is a central p.ayer in astrocyte reactivity and imp.cts various asp.cts of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the p.o-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling p.thways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the p.3K/AKT/mammalian target of rap.mycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/p.3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/p.3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the p.3K/AKT cellular signaling p.thway to control reactive astrocytes and p.event central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this p.thway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the p.3K/AKT p.thway underscores its comp.exity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emp.asizes the imp.rtance of emp.oying astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neurop.otective neurotoxic p.osp.atidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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A linear regression model (LRM) for groundwater chemistry in and around the Vaniyambadi industrial area, Tamil Nadu, India

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2013年第1期32卷 19-26页

作者： Sajil Kumar p.J. Davis Delson p. Vernon J.G. james E.J. Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-03046 Germany ITALCONSULT Riyadh-11421 Saudi Arabia Budap.st University of Technology and Economics (BME) Budapest-Pf. 91 H-152 Hungary Water Institute Karunya UniversityCoimbatore-641114 India

A linear regression model in conjunction with cluster analysis was ap.lied to the groundwater quality p.rameters for the Vaniyambadi industrial area, Tamil Nadu, India. These p.ysico-chemical p.rameters were collected from 25 wells by intensive groundwater samp.ing conducted during January 2010. All the major ions, p. and electrical conductivity were analyzed. The abundances of cations were in the order of Na p.ctively. This was in agreement with the water typ.s, Na-Cl and Na-Ca-HCO3, determined by the p.p.r p.ot. High concentrations of the ions Na, Cl and SO4 were recorded near the tanneries that op.rate within the study area. While the elevated concentrations of HCO3 and F were observed away from the tanneries. This p.culiar hydrochemical behaviour suggests that the chemistry of water is p.edominantly influenced by tannery effluents and weathering of silicate minerals. Results of the linear regression model yielded 11 regression equations for the 5 most correlated p.rameters. A dendrogram from the cluster analysis showed 2 major clusters rep.esenting the influence of tanneries and geological formations in the study area, which confirmed the results of major ion chemistry.

关键词：线性回归模型地下水化学工业区印度 LRM 聚类分析物理化学参数研究区域

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CFD modelling:The most useful tool for develop.ng mesoscale urban canop. p.rameterizations

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 407-419页

作者： Riccardo Buccolieri Jose Luis santiago Alberto Martilli Dip.rtimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche edAmbientali University ofSalentoS.P.6 Lecce-MonteroniLecce 73700Italy Environment Dep.rtment Research Center for EnergyEnvironment and Technology(CIEMAT)Madrid 28040Spain

1 Introduction The fact that most of the world’s p.p.lation lives in cities(UN-Habitat 2016)has increased interest in urban *** models,such as the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model(***/weather-research-and-forecasting-model),are used to rep.oduce the meteorology and climatology over cities and around them,where the comp.ex interactions between the atmosp.ere and urban surfaces(buildings,vegetation,urban obstacles,etc.)induce strong heterogeneity in the flow p.op.rties within the urban canop. layer(UCL)(Di Sabatino et al.2013;Lateb et al.2016;Tominaga and Stathop.ulos 2016).

关键词： meteorology urban forecasting

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Simulated Microbe Removal around Finger Rings Using Different Hand Sanitation Methods

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International Journal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 136-142页

作者： Archana A. Alur Madhavi J. Rane james p. Scheetz Douglas J. Lorenz Lawrence Gettleman Ballard High School Louisville Kentucky USA School of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Dentistry University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of p.blic Health & Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA

Aim It is our op.nion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing jewelry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing jewelry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap.and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing p.ocedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disp.sable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent p.wder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing p.ocedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temp.rature, and soap.use. Tukey＇s p.st hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was ap.lied to significant factors to examine p.ir-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the p.lm comp.red to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap.used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up.to 15 seconds, it would be p.eferable not to use soap.to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting ap.eared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing wi

关键词： dental exam gloves finger ring jewelry crosscontamination hand hygiene microbes fluorescent p.wder dental health care workers

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Microhabitat use by white-footed mice p.romyscus leucop.s in forested and old-field habitats occup.ed by Morrow's honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 111-122页

作者： Jennifer A. EDALGO Holly M. McCHESNEY Jason p. LOVE james T. ANDERSON West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources

We quantified microhabitat use by white-footed mice p.romyscus leucop.s in forest and old-field habitats occup.ed by Morrow＇ s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii, an invasive exotic shrub imp.rted from Jap.n. Microhabitat characteristics were comp.red between trails used by mice （ n = 124） and randomly selected trails （ n = 127） in 4 study p.ots located at Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Farmington, p.nnsylvania, USA. We comp.red 10 mierohabitat variables between used and random trails using non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） and classification and regression tree （CART） analysis. Trails used by mice were statistically different from randomly selected trails in both forested p.ots （ p.〈 0. 008） and old-field p.ots （ p.〈 0. 001 ）. In the forested p.ots, trails of white-footed mice were more often associated with a greater p.rcent cover （% cover） of coarse woody debris （CWD） than were randomly selected trails. In the old-field p.ots, mouse trails were commonly characterized by having a lower % cover of exotic herbaceous vegetation, a greater % cover of shrubs, and a greater % cover of Morrow＇ s honeysuckle than randomly selected trails. Our study indicates that white-footed mice do not move randomly and p.efer areas of high structural comp.exity, thereby showing significant microhabitat p.eference. The p.eference of white-footed mice for areas with a relatively high p.rcent cover of Morrow＇s honeysuckle could 1 ） be a factor in the aggressive nature of the exotic honeysuckle shrub＇s sp.ead throughout the Battlefield or 2） cause the shrub to sp.ead even faster into adjacent areas not yet occup.ed by Morrow＇ s honeysuckle

关键词： Microhabitat selection Morrow' s honeysuckle p.romyscus White-footed mice Exotic sp.cies Seed distribution

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Comp.essing local atomic neighbourhood descrip.ors

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np. Comp.tational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1593-1605页

作者： james p.Darby james R.Kermode Gábor Csányi Engineering Dep. University of CambridgeTrumpington StCambridgeCB21PZUK Warwick Centre for p.edictive Modelling School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK

Many atomic descrip.ors are currently limited by their unfavourable scaling with the number of chemical elements S *** length of body-ordered descrip.ors,such as the SOAp.p.wer sp.ctrum(3-body)and the(ACE)(multip.e body-orders),scales as(NS)^(ν)whereν+1 is the body-order and N is the number of radial basis functions used in the density *** introduce two distinct ap.roaches which can be used to overcome this scaling for the SOAp.p.wer ***,we show that the p.wer sp.ctrum is amenable to lossless comp.ession with resp.ct to both S and N,so that the descrip.or length can be reduced from O(N^(2)S^(2))to O(NS).Secondly,we introduce a generalised SOAp.kernel,where comp.ession is achieved through the use of the total,element agnostic density,in combination with radial *** ideas used in the generalised kernel are equally ap.licably to any other body-ordered descrip.ors and we demonstrate this for the(ACSF).

关键词： SOAp scaling kernel

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Status of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 resistance in field p.p.lations of Helicoverp. zea in Texas, USA

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 487-495页

作者： JoséC.santiago González David L.Kerns Graham p.Head Fei Yang Dep.rtment of Entomology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA Bayer Crop.Science St.LouisMissouriUSA

Helicoverp. zea is a major target p.st of Bt corn and Bt ***-evolved resistance of *** to Cry1 and Cry2 p.oteins has been widely rep.rted in the United *** the frequency of resistance alleles in a target insect is critical for Bt resistance *** multip.e cases of p.actical resistance to Cry p.oteins having been documented in ***,there are no data on the current status of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in field p.p.lations of this *** 2018‒2019,a total of 106 F2 families for Cry1Ac and 120 F2 families for Cry2Ab2 were established using mass mating and light trap.*** screened 13,568 and 15,360 neonates using a discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** results showed that 93.4%and 35.0%of the F2 families could survive on the discriminatory dose of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2,*** estimated resistance allele frequency for Cry1Ac in *** ranged from 0.4150 to 0.4975 and for Cry2Ab2 ranged from 0.1097 and *** data indicate that the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to Cry1 and Cry2 p.oteins in *** in Texas are *** addition,our data suggest the resistance to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 in the screened families of *** varies from recessive to *** information in this study p.ovides p.ecise estimates of Cry resistance allele frequencies in *** and increases our understanding of the risks to the sustainability of Bt crop..

关键词： allele frequency Bacillus thuringiensis CrylAc Cry2Ab2 Helicoverp. zea resistance

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双氮桥式配体双核铑(d^7—d^7)络合物与氯代烃光化学氧化反应的研究

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物理化学学报 1989年第6期5卷 644-651页

作者：刘鲁美 Bear james p. 北京师范大学化学系休斯敦大学化学系

本文首次报导了双氮桥式配体双铑(d^-—d^7)络合物Rh_2L_4在可见光辐照下与氯代烃发生光化学反应。四种络合物的量子产率皆具有波长依赖性并与溶剂和轴向配体的性质有关。光化学反应产物经快速原子质谱和闪光光解法鉴定。另外,将光化学... 详细信息

本文首次报导了双氮桥式配体双铑(d^-—d^7)络合物Rh_2L_4在可见光辐照下与氯代烃发生光化学反应。四种络合物的量子产率皆具有波长依赖性并与溶剂和轴向配体的性质有关。光化学反应产物经快速原子质谱和闪光光解法鉴定。另外,将光化学反应产物和电解产物进行了ESR和循环伏安法的对比测定。结果表明,标题络合物与氯代烃发生不可逆的一电子光诱导转移反应,生成Rh_2L_4Cl。

关键词：铑络合物氯代烃光化学反应

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Fitness and p.ysiology of Adelges tsugae （Hemip.era： Adelgidae） in relation to the health of the eastern hemlock

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 843-853页

作者： Anne C. Jones Donald E. Mullins Carlyle Brewster james p. Rhea Scott M. Salom Dep.rtment of Entomology Pennsylvania State University PA 16801 Dep.rtment of Entomology Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USDA Forest Service Asheville NC 28804-3454 USA

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand is an invasive insect that frequently causes hemlock （Tsuga sp..） mortality in the eastern United States. Studies have shown that once healthy hemlocks become infested by the adelgid, nutrients are dep.eted from the tree, leading to both tree decline and a reduction of the adelgid p.p.lation. Since A. tsugae is dep.ndent on hemlock for nutrients, feeding on trees in p.or health may affect the ability of the insect to obtain necessary nutrients and may consequently affect their p.ysiological and p.p.lation health. Trees were categorized as lightly or moderately imp.cted by A. tsugae based on quantitative and qualitative tree health measurements. p.p.lation health ofA. tsugae on each tree was determined by measuring insect density and p.ak mean fecundity; A. tsugae p.ysiological health was determined by measuring insect biomass, total carbon, carbohydrate, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen levels. Adelges tsugae from moderately imp.cted trees exhibited significantly greater fecundity than from lightly imp.cted trees. However, A. tsugae from lightly imp.cted hemlocks contained significantly greater levels of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen. While the results of the p.ysiological analysis generally sup.ort our hyp.thesis that A. tsugae on lightly imp.cted trees are healthier than those on moderately imp.cted trees, this was not reflected in the p.p.lation health measurements. Adelges tsugae egg health in resp.nse to tree health should be verified. This study p.ovides the first examination of A. tsugae p.ysiological health in relation to standard A. tsugae p.p.lation health measures on hemlocks of different health levels.

关键词： Adelges tsugae carbohydrates fecundity nitrogen tree health Tsuga canadensis

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Bemisia tabaci （Hemip.era： Aleyrodidae） nymp.al feeding in cotton （Gossyp.um hirsutum） leaves

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 375-381页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU DENNIS A. MARGOSAN james S. BUCKNER THOMAS p. FREEMAN THOMAS J. HENNEBERRY USDA ARS US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Maricopa Arizona USDA ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center Parlier California Biosciences Research Laboratory Fargo North Dakota Electron Microscop. Center North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA

We used brightfield electron microscop. （BEM）, differential interference contrast microscop. （DICM）, scanning electron microscop. （SEM）, transmission electron microscop. （TEM）, and confocal laser scanning microscop. （CLSM） to investigate the stylet p.thways of Bemisia tabaci during nymp.al feeding behavior in cotton leaves beginning with p.netration of the abaxial leaf surface and ending with stylets in sieve tubes in p.loem tissues. Most nymp.al stylets within salivary sheaths p.netrating leaf tissues made comp.ex turns and develop.d more than one salivary sheath branch before ending in sieve tubes. The external morp.ology of the salivary sheaths and their routes between and through leaf cells are described during the p.esent study. Results showed the p.esence of the stylet within the sieve tubes. B. tabaci nymp.s may remove stylets and feed in different sieve tubes. Ten short movies showing the p.ogression of the stylet p.netrations from adaxial surface to the sieve tubes are attached to Figures 8-15. The rep.rt and movies can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies to a local drive in your comp.ter first for fast up.oad. The movies are p.sted on the website http.//***/Services/***？docid=14629. The movies can be used as a teaching aid in biology classes.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci microscop. nymp.s feeding stylet sheath stylet

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