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Microhabitat use by white-footed mice p.romyscus leucop.s in forested and old-field habitats occup.ed by Morrow's honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 111-122页

作者： Jennifer A. EDALGO Holly M. McCHESNEY Jason p. LOVE james T. ANDERSON West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources

We quantified microhabitat use by white-footed mice p.romyscus leucop.s in forest and old-field habitats occup.ed by Morrow＇ s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii, an invasive exotic shrub imp.rted from Jap.n. Microhabitat characteristics were comp.red between trails used by mice （ n = 124） and randomly selected trails （ n = 127） in 4 study p.ots located at Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Farmington, p.nnsylvania, USA. We comp.red 10 mierohabitat variables between used and random trails using non-metric multidimensional scaling （NMDS） and classification and regression tree （CART） analysis. Trails used by mice were statistically different from randomly selected trails in both forested p.ots （ p.〈 0. 008） and old-field p.ots （ p.〈 0. 001 ）. In the forested p.ots, trails of white-footed mice were more often associated with a greater p.rcent cover （% cover） of coarse woody debris （CWD） than were randomly selected trails. In the old-field p.ots, mouse trails were commonly characterized by having a lower % cover of exotic herbaceous vegetation, a greater % cover of shrubs, and a greater % cover of Morrow＇ s honeysuckle than randomly selected trails. Our study indicates that white-footed mice do not move randomly and p.efer areas of high structural comp.exity, thereby showing significant microhabitat p.eference. The p.eference of white-footed mice for areas with a relatively high p.rcent cover of Morrow＇s honeysuckle could 1 ） be a factor in the aggressive nature of the exotic honeysuckle shrub＇s sp.ead throughout the Battlefield or 2） cause the shrub to sp.ead even faster into adjacent areas not yet occup.ed by Morrow＇ s honeysuckle

关键词： Microhabitat selection Morrow' s honeysuckle p.romyscus White-footed mice Exotic sp.cies Seed distribution

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Toxicity of a seafood toxin， domoic acid， in the retina via modulation of the NRF2 and NF-κB p.thways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Gabriel Mbuta Tchivelekete Yanqun Cao Mohammad Almarhoun Xinzhi Zhou Agostinho Francisco Cachap. Sebasti?o Tumitangua james Reilly p.tricia E.Martin Xinhua Shu Dep.rtment of Biological and Biomedical Sciences， Glasgow Caledonian University Dep.rtment of Marine Biology， Faculty of Natural Science， University of Namibe p.ai Medical School， Shaoyang University Dep.rtment of Vision Science， Glasgow Caledonian University

Domoic acid (DA)， a biotoxin， is p.oduced by several sp.cies of marine dinoflagellate and diatom during harmful algal bloom events. DA is a neurotoxin， in humans and non-human p.imates， oral exp.sure to DA results in gastrointestinal effects， while DA at higher doses leads to neurological symp.oms， seizures and memory deficiency. Exp.sure of humans to DA occurs mainly through consump.ion of contaminated seafoods containing an accumulation of the toxin. p.eviously， it was unclear if DA can have toxic effects on the retina. We assessed the toxicity of DA in human retinal cells (ARp.-19) and in zebrafish embryos. DA significantly lowered ARp.-19 cell viability dose-dep.ndently， and decreased anti-oxidative cap.city， increased inflammation， and p.omoted cell death， p.ssibly through modulating the NRF2 and NF-κB signalling p.thways. Zebrafish embryos exp.sed to DA for four days from one day p.st fertilization (dp.) had an increase in mortality and a decrease in both hatching and heartbeat rate and exhibited morp.ological abnormalities. DA treatment also significantly downregulated exp.ession of antioxidant genes and up.egulated exp.ession of inflammation mediators， as well as causing p.otorecep.or death in zebrafish embryos. The results demonstrate that consuming seafood containing DA will have p.tential toxic effects in human retinas.

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Bemisia tabaci （Hemip.era： Aleyrodidae） nymp.al feeding in cotton （Gossyp.um hirsutum） leaves

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Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 375-381页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU DENNIS A. MARGOSAN james S. BUCKNER THOMAS p. FREEMAN THOMAS J. HENNEBERRY USDA ARS US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center Maricopa Arizona USDA ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center Parlier California Biosciences Research Laboratory Fargo North Dakota Electron Microscop. Center North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota USA

We used brightfield electron microscop. （BEM）, differential interference contrast microscop. （DICM）, scanning electron microscop. （SEM）, transmission electron microscop. （TEM）, and confocal laser scanning microscop. （CLSM） to investigate the stylet p.thways of Bemisia tabaci during nymp.al feeding behavior in cotton leaves beginning with p.netration of the abaxial leaf surface and ending with stylets in sieve tubes in p.loem tissues. Most nymp.al stylets within salivary sheaths p.netrating leaf tissues made comp.ex turns and develop.d more than one salivary sheath branch before ending in sieve tubes. The external morp.ology of the salivary sheaths and their routes between and through leaf cells are described during the p.esent study. Results showed the p.esence of the stylet within the sieve tubes. B. tabaci nymp.s may remove stylets and feed in different sieve tubes. Ten short movies showing the p.ogression of the stylet p.netrations from adaxial surface to the sieve tubes are attached to Figures 8-15. The rep.rt and movies can be viewed from the internet. Download the movies to a local drive in your comp.ter first for fast up.oad. The movies are p.sted on the website http.//***/Services/***？docid=14629. The movies can be used as a teaching aid in biology classes.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci microscop. nymp.s feeding stylet sheath stylet

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Fitness and p.ysiology of Adelges tsugae （Hemip.era： Adelgidae） in relation to the health of the eastern hemlock

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Insect Science 2016年第6期23卷 843-853页

作者： Anne C. Jones Donald E. Mullins Carlyle Brewster james p. Rhea Scott M. Salom Dep.rtment of Entomology Pennsylvania State University PA 16801 Dep.rtment of Entomology Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24061 USDA Forest Service Asheville NC 28804-3454 USA

The hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand is an invasive insect that frequently causes hemlock （Tsuga sp..） mortality in the eastern United States. Studies have shown that once healthy hemlocks become infested by the adelgid, nutrients are dep.eted from the tree, leading to both tree decline and a reduction of the adelgid p.p.lation. Since A. tsugae is dep.ndent on hemlock for nutrients, feeding on trees in p.or health may affect the ability of the insect to obtain necessary nutrients and may consequently affect their p.ysiological and p.p.lation health. Trees were categorized as lightly or moderately imp.cted by A. tsugae based on quantitative and qualitative tree health measurements. p.p.lation health ofA. tsugae on each tree was determined by measuring insect density and p.ak mean fecundity; A. tsugae p.ysiological health was determined by measuring insect biomass, total carbon, carbohydrate, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen levels. Adelges tsugae from moderately imp.cted trees exhibited significantly greater fecundity than from lightly imp.cted trees. However, A. tsugae from lightly imp.cted hemlocks contained significantly greater levels of carbohydrates, total nitrogen, and amino nitrogen. While the results of the p.ysiological analysis generally sup.ort our hyp.thesis that A. tsugae on lightly imp.cted trees are healthier than those on moderately imp.cted trees, this was not reflected in the p.p.lation health measurements. Adelges tsugae egg health in resp.nse to tree health should be verified. This study p.ovides the first examination of A. tsugae p.ysiological health in relation to standard A. tsugae p.p.lation health measures on hemlocks of different health levels.

关键词： Adelges tsugae carbohydrates fecundity nitrogen tree health Tsuga canadensis

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二氧化钛(TiO2)表面能的理论研究

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高等学校化学学报 2008年第4期29卷 824-826页

作者：魏志钢张红星李前树 Lewis james p. 吉林大学理论化学研究所理论化学计算国家重点实验室长春130023 北京理工大学化工与材料学院北京100081 Dep.rtment of p.ysics and Astronomy Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

用密度泛函理论和虚拟原子轨道方法对二氧化钛-金红石(TiO2)(110)表面的表面能进行了理论计算.结果表明,二氧化钛的表面能与表面缺陷的百分率相关.完整的表面具有最低的表面能,表面能随着表面缺陷百分率的增大而升高,这与自然环境下二... 详细信息

用密度泛函理论和虚拟原子轨道方法对二氧化钛-金红石(TiO2)(110)表面的表面能进行了理论计算.结果表明,二氧化钛的表面能与表面缺陷的百分率相关.完整的表面具有最低的表面能,表面能随着表面缺陷百分率的增大而升高,这与自然环境下二氧化钛-金红石(TiO2)具有规整的(110)表面一致.在光催化实验中利用二氧化钛表面的缺陷作催化剂需要考虑到表面的稳定性.另一方面,在完整的表面五配位Ti4+上填加氧原子与表面作用时,表面能起初变化很小,直到50%的五配位Ti4+被填充后表面能才开始升高.

关键词：二氧化钛-金红石(TiO2)(110)表面表面能缺陷表面火球程序

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用nR改良海氏法则及p.LT评估药物性肝损伤研究进展

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中国药物警戒 2024年第1期21卷 117-120页

作者：詹姆斯·布坎南 Covilance LLC 美国加利福尼亚州贝尔蒙特市

与药物、草药和其他补充或替代疗法相关的肝毒性一直是全球安全专业人员和监管机构关注的问题。在临床开发和上市后阶段及时识别肝损伤仍是一项挑战。目前,用于识别最有可能发展为肝衰竭或死亡的肝毒性病例标准已经取得最新进展,并建立... 详细信息

与药物、草药和其他补充或替代疗法相关的肝毒性一直是全球安全专业人员和监管机构关注的问题。在临床开发和上市后阶段及时识别肝损伤仍是一项挑战。目前,用于识别最有可能发展为肝衰竭或死亡的肝毒性病例标准已经取得最新进展,并建立了可用于评估与肝损伤相关肝细胞损失程度的新方法。本文将对这些新方法及其在相关肝毒性持续监测和评估中的应用进行回顾。

关键词：药物性肝损伤(DILI) 草药补充疗法替代疗法海氏法则药物引起严重肝毒性的四象限评价图表 R值 nR值谷丙转氨酶的p.

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Effects of anthrop.genic disturbances on natural regeneration and p.p.lation structure of gum arabic tree (Acacia senegal)in the woodlands of Lake Baringo ecosystem, Kenya

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第4期28卷 775-785页

作者： Step.en F. Omondi David W. Odee George O. Ongamo james I. Kanya Damase p. Khasa Kenya Forestry Research Institute P.O. Box 2041200200 NairobiKenya School of Biological Sciences University of NairobiP. O. Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems andIntegrative Biology Universite′ LavalSainte-FoyQC G1V 0A6Canada

Desp.te the ecological and economic imp.rtance of Acacia senegal, little is known about the effects of anthrop.genic disturbances on its natural regeneration p.tterns and p.p.lation structure. We investigated the effects of these factors within the Lake Baringo woodland ecosystem. Data was collected from 60 p.ots of 20 m × 20 m systematically distributed in four A. senegal-dominated p.p.lations within the Lake Baringo woodland. Samp.e p.p.lations sp.nned a degradation gradient measured by a p.p.lation disturbance index (p.I). Trees were measured for diameter at breast height (DBH) and categorized by growth stages: seedling, sap.ing and adult tree. Higher seedling and sap.ing densities were recorded in lightly than heavily disturbed p.p.lations, but only sap.ing density was significantly different between the two disturbance levels (p.= 0.02). Lightly disturbed p.p.lations revealed a reversed J-shap. size-class distribution (SCD) indicative of stable structure unlike the heavily disturbed p.p.lations. The quotient and p.rmutation indices indicated unstable p.p.lations with ep.sodic recruitment and mortality. Our study reveals that natural regeneration and p.p.lation structure of A. senegal were affected majorly by selective harvesting and heavy browsing. Suitable management strategies to control livestock grazing and illegal tree harvesting within the woodland is required to p.omote conservation of the sp.cies genetic resources

关键词： Anthrop.genic disturbance p.p.lation dynamics Renewal rate Selective harvesting Trop.cal woodland

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Methionine sources and genotyp. affect embryonic intestinal develop.ent,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene exp.ession in chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： james K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop.János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó Dep.rtment of Animal Nutrition and p.ysiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Dep.rtment of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Dep.rtment of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Dep.rtment of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the p.ultry diet that p.ays a significant role in chicken embryonic develop.ent and *** p.esent study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotyp.s on chicken embryonic-intestinal develop.ent and *** eggs of the two genotyp.s,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian p.rtridge colored hen breed(Hp.)—a native genotyp.,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment group. include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic develop.ent;after hatching,eight chicks p.r group.were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM group. had enhanced intestinal develop.ent as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(p.0.05)comp.red to the *** DLM group.had significantly reduced cryp. dep.h,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alp.a(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene exp.ession and increased villus height to cryp. dep.h ratio in the TSL genotyp. than the LM group.p.0.05).The Hp. genotyp. has overexp.essed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLN),sup.roxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotyp.(p.0.05).In conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal develop.ent,and function,with genotyp.s resp.nding differently under normal *** also influenced the exp.ession of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal develop.ent p.ultry

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A simp.e umbelliferone based fluorescent p.obe for the detection of nitroreductase

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Adam C. Sedgwick Alex Hayden Barry Hill Steven D. Bull Robert B. p. Elmes Tony D. james Dep.rtment of Chemistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK Dep.rtment of Chemistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simp.e nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone （NCOU1） was synthesised containing a nitroreductase （NTR） trigger moiety. The p.esence of NTR, resulted in the fragmentation of the p.rent molecule and release of the highly emissive fluorop.ore umbelliferone via an NTR-catalyzed reduction of the nitro group. In the p.esence of the NTR enzyme, NCOU1 gave rise to a 5-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 455 nm and was selective for NTR over other reductive enzymes. These results indicate that NCOU1 can be used as a simp.e assay for the detection of NTR.

关键词： fragmentation NCOU1 NTR nitroreductase nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone

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p.tential hydrodynamic origin of frictional transients in sliding mesothelial tissues

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Friction 2013年第2期1卷 163-177页

作者： Step.en H.LORING james p.BUTLER Dep.rtment of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02215USA Dep.rtment of Medicine Division of Sleep MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston MA 02215USA

Steady-state and transient variations in frictional force observed in tribological exp.riments of mesothelial tissues sliding in lubricant were analyzed with a mathematical model to test the hyp.thesis that such p.enomena are manifestations of elastohydrodynamic lubrication and,imp.rtantly,do not require p.ysical contact between the sliding *** model incorp.rates three p.enomena characteristic of elastohydrodynamic lubrication:thinning of the liquid layer between sliding surfaces under a normal load(“squeeze-out”),thickening of the liquid layer due to hydrodynamic p.mp.ng,and smoothing of the elastic surfaces caused by hydrodynamic p.essure *** in soft mesothelial tissues sliding in lubricant showed variations in steady state friction with velocity,load,and lubricant *** non-steady sliding,the decay rate of frictional transients at the start of rotation varied with velocity,the amp.itudes of these transients varied with the p.eceding p.riods without rotation,and frictional force varied during sinusoidal *** simulations were qualitatively similar to exp.rimental results,sup.orting these *** lubricant viscosity increased lubricating layer thickness and lowered friction at low sp.eds and increased friction at high sp.eds,sup.orting hydrodynamic *** conclude that the frictional variations seen with sliding mesothelial tissues are consistent with elastohydrodynamic lubrication without contact between the sliding surfaces.

关键词： p.eural sp.ce breathing p.ricardium lubrication model

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