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Dynamic conjugate F-SHARP microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 939-946页

作者： Ioannis n.Papadopoulos Jean-Sebastien Jouhanneau naoya Takahashi David Kaplan Matthew Larkum james Poulet Benjamin Judkewitz Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin Einstein Center for NeurosciencesNeuroCure Cluster of ExcellenceChariteplatz 110117 BerlinGermany Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine Robert-Rossle-Str.1013092 BerlinGermany Institute for Biology Humboldt UniversityChariteplatz 110117 BerlinGermany

Optical microscopy is an indispensable tool in biomedical sciences,but its reach in deep tissues is limited due to aberrations and *** problem can be overcome by wavefront-shaping techniques,albeit at limited fields of view(FOVs).Inspired by astronomical imaging,conjugate wavefront shaping can lead to an increased field of view in microscopy,but this correction is limited to a set depth and cannot be dynamically ***,we present a conjugate wavefront-shaping scheme based on focus scanning holographic aberration probing(F-SHARP).We combine it with a compact implementation that can be readily adapted to a variety of commercial and home-built two-photon *** demonstrate the power of the method by imaging with high resolution over extended FOV(>80μm)deeper than 400μm inside a mouse brain through a thinned skull.

关键词： conjugate adapted overcome

Restructuring the lithium-ion battery:A perspective on electrode architectures

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eScience 2023年第4期3卷 12-19页

作者： Samantha n.Lauro james n.Burrow C.Buddie Mullins Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1224United States McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1589United States Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712-1591United States

The lithium-ion battery(LIB)has enabled portable energy storage,yet increasing societal demands have moti-vated a new generation of more advanced *** the discovery and optimization of battery active ma-terials has been the subject of extensive study since the 1980s,the most disruptive advancements of commercial LIBs in the past decade stem instead from overall cell design and *** pursuit of higher energy density and fast-charging capability,strategies focused on tuning the properties of composite electrode architectures(e.g.,porosity,conductivity,tortuosity,spatial heterogeneity)by restructuring the inactive component matrix of LIB electrode films have recently garnered *** perspective explores recent advances in electrode design through an applied lens,emphasizing synthetic platforms and future research directions that are scalable,commercially feasible,and applicable to a wide range of active *** introduce and critically assess recently proposed strategies for structuring electrode architectures,including spatial gradients of local compo-sition and microstructure;metal-foil current collector alternatives;and electrode templating techniques,evalu-ating both achievements in battery performance and commercial *** with improved active materials,new electrode architectures hold promise to unlock next generation LIBs.

关键词： Electrodes Composite films Batteries Microstructure Lithium-ion

noninvasive scores for the prediction of esophageal varices and risk stratification in patients with cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 908-918页

作者： Saroja Bangaru Jihane n Benhammou james H Tabibian Internal Medicine GastroenterologyUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90025United States The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Medicine Olive View-University of California at Los Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los AngelesCA 90095United States

The primary purpose of variceal screening in patients with cirrhosis is to detect gastroesophageal varices at high risk of hemorrhage and implement preventative intervention(s).It was previously recommended that all patients with cirrhosis undergo initial and periodic longitudinal variceal screening via upper ***,there has been growing interest and methods to identify patients with cirrhosis who may not have clinically significant portal hypertension and therefore be unlikely to have varices requiring intervention or benefit from upper *** the population of patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease continues to grow,it is neither beneficial nor cost-effective to perform endoscopic variceal screening in all ***,there is ongoing research into the development of methods to non-invasively risk stratify patients with cirrhosis for the presence of high-risk esophageal varices and effectively limit the population that undergoes endoscopic variceal *** is particularly important and timely in light of increasing healthcare reform and barriers to *** this review,we discuss and compare,with respect to test characteristics and clinical applicability,the available methods used to noninvasively predict the presence of esophageal varices.

关键词： Gastroesophageal varices Variceal screening Advanced chronic liver disease Cirrhosis non-invasive screening Upper endoscopy

High nymphal host density and mortality negatively impact parasitoid complex during an insect herbivore outbreak

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 351-365页

作者： Aidan A. G. Hall Scott n. Johnson james M. Cook Markus Riegler Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University NSW Australia

Insect herbivore outbreaks frequently occur and this may be due to factors that restrict top-down control by parasitoids, for example, host-parasitoid asynchrony, hyperparasitization, resource limitation and climate. Few studies have examined hostparasitoid density relationships during an in sect herbivore outbreak in a n atural ecosystem with diverse parasitoids. We studied parasitization patterns of Cardiaspina psyllids during an outbreak in a Eucalyptus woodland. First, we established the trophic roles of the parasitoids through a species-specific multiplex PCR approach on mummies from which parasitoids emerged. Then, we assessed host-parasitoid density relationships across three spatial scales (leaf, tree and site) over one yeas We detected four endoparasitoid species of the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera);two primary parasitoid and one heteronomous hyperparasitoid Psyllaephagus species (the latter with female development as a primary parasitoid and male development as a hyperparasitoid), and the hyperparasitoid Coccidoctonuspsyllae. Parasitoid development was host-synchronized, although synchrony between sites appeared constrained during winter (due to temperature differences). Parasitization was predominantly driven by one primary parasitoid species and was mostly inversely host-density dependent across the spatial scales. Hyperparasitization by C. psyllae was psyllid-density dependent at the site scale, however, this only impacted the rarer primary parasitoid. High larval parasitoid mortality due to density-dependent nymphal psyllid mortality (a consequence of resource limitation) compounded by a summer heat wave was incorporated in the assessment and resulted in density independence of host-parasitoid relationships. As such, high larval parasitoid mortality during insect herbivore outbreaks may contribute to the absence of host density-dependent parasitization during outbreak events.

关键词： density-dependent mortality insect outbreak psyllid synchronization temperature trophic interactions

Understanding important features of deep learning models for segmentation of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 765-773页

作者： james P.Horwath Dmitri n.Zakharov Rémi Mégret Eric A.Stach Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Functional nanomaterials Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA Department of Computer Science University of Puerto RicoRío PiedrasSan JuanPRUSA

Cutting edge deep learning techniques allow for image segmentation with great speed and ***,application to problems in materials science is often difficult since these complex models may have difficultly learning meaningful image features that would enable extension to new *** situ electron microscopy provides a clear platform for utilizing automated image *** this work,we consider the case of studying coarsening dynamics in supported nanoparticles,which is important for understanding,for example,the degradation of industrial *** systematically studying dataset preparation,neural network architecture,and accuracy evaluation,we describe important considerations in applying deep learning to physical applications,where generalizable and convincing models are *** a focus on unique challenges that arise in high-resolution images,we propose methods for optimizing performance of image segmentation using convolutional neural networks,critically examining the application of complex deep learning models in favor of motivating intentional process design.

关键词： neural networks image

Effects of disturbance on small mammal community structure in the new Jersey Pinelands, USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第1期7卷 16-29页

作者： Alicia n.SHEnKO Walter F.BIEn james R.SPOTILA Harold W.AVERY Department of Biology Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

We compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on Warren Grove Gunnery Range(WGR)in the new Jersey *** is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare *** in the form of fire,mowing,soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and *** the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands,9 live on WGR,including large populations of the southern bog lemming(Synaptomys cooperi Baird,1858)and meadow jumping mouse[Zapus hudsonius(Zimmermann,1780)].Simpson’s Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in ***-footed mouse[Peromyscus leucopus(Rafinesque,1818)]was the most common species on WGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity *** dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats,whereas all 9 species occurred in *** components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats,due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland *** jumping mice,southern bog lemmings and red-back voles[Myodes gapperi(Vigors,1830)]were positively correlated with wetland habitats,and pine voles[Microtus pinetorum(Le Conte,1830)],short-tail shrews[Blarina brevicauda(Say,1823)]and eastern chipmunks[Tamias striatus(Linnaeus,1758)]were associated with *** heterogeneity at WGR,including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species.

关键词： disturbance mice military training Pine Barrens southern bog lemming

Postphalloplasty urinary function test:an observational study of novel outcome instrument to capture urinary dysfunction and quality of life after phalloplasty

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第6期24卷 570-574页

作者： james L Liu Lauren Eisenbeis Stephanie Preston Arthur L Burnett Heather n DiCarlo Devin Coon The james Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Johns Hopkins Center for Transgender Health Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Surgery University of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75370USA

Due to growing social acceptance,there has been an increasing number of gender-affirmation surgeries performed in north *** research in this patient population focuses on surgical outcomes and advancing ***,little work has been done to study functional *** better evaluate urinary dysfunction in the postphalloplasty trans men patient population,our group developed a novel patient-reported outcome instrument-the postphalloplasty urinary function test(PP UFT)and protocol to measure postvoid urethral volume(PVUR),and we present our preliminary *** conducted a cross-sectional pilot study in a cohort of 15 adult trans men who had undergone phalloplasty with urethral lengthening surgery between 2018 and *** had stable urinary function via the neophallus at the time of *** filled out the PP UFT and were asked to record their PVUR as per our *** average PP UFT score was 8.9 out of 40 and the average quality-of-life(QOL)score was *** dribbling constituted the major complaint and on average comprised 63.2%of the reported PP UFT *** average PVUR was 2.2 ml(range:0.5-5.6 ml).There was a positive correlation between higher PP UFT and worse-reported quality of life(Pnt questionnaires accepted in cis-male urology have limitations for accurately capturing urinary dysfunction in this specific patient *** combination of PP UFT and PVUR measurement offers potential for quantifying urinary function and quality of life in patients who undergo *** studies will validate these instruments.

关键词： gender affirmation gender surgery phalloplasty postvoid urethral residual urethral lengthening urinary dysfunction

nanog and transcriptional networks in embryonic stem cell pluripotency

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Cell Research 2007年第1期17卷 42-49页

作者： james A Thomson PO Box 7365 WiCell Research Institute WI53715-1299 W153706-1509 1220 Capitol Court USAThe Genome Center of Wisconsin WI 53707-7365 425 Henry Mall The Wisconsin national Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin-Madison The Department of Anatomy WI 53706 470 n.Charter Street University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School

Several extrinsic signals such as LIF,BMP and Wnt can support the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem(ES) cells through regulating the"pluripotent genes." A unique homeobox transcription factor,nanog,is one of the keydownstream effectors of these *** level of nanog can maintain the mouse ES cell self-renewal indepen-dent of LIF and enable human ES cell growth without feeder *** addition to the external signal pathways,intrinsictranscription factors such as FoxD3,P53 and Oct4 are also involved in regulating the expression of ***,nanog works together with other key pluripotent factors such as Oct4 and Sox2 to control a set of target genes that haveimportant functions in ES cell *** key factors form a regulatory network to support or limit each other’sexpression level,which maintains the properties of ES cells.

关键词： nanog embryonic stem cell pluripotency transcription factor

Influence of Collective Boulder Array on the Surrounding Time-averaged and Turbulent Flow Fields

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第6期11卷 1420-1428页

作者： Achilleas G.TSAKIRIS A.n.Thanos PAPAnICOLAOU Seyed M.HAJIMIRZAIE james H.J.BUCHHOLZ IIHR-Hydroscience &Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52246-1585 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Tennessee at Knoxville 412 John D. Tickle Building Knoxville TN37996 USA South Florida WaterManagementDistrict WestPalm Beach FL 33416 USA

Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach *** their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been *** overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial *** objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being *** results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder's immediate vicinity in the streamwise(x/d c nd vertical(z/d c nity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally *** global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder *** importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied ***,the array was found to have a "homogenizing" effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed *** findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile ***,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport *** effects are enc

关键词： Boulder array Form drag Bed shear stress Time-averaged velocity Turbulence intensity