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The missing base molecules in atmospheric acid-base nucleation

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national Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 196-208页

作者： Runlong Cai Rujing Yin Chao Yan Dongsen Yang Chenjuan Deng Lubna Dada Juha Kangasluoma Jenni Kontkanen Roope Halonen Yan Ma Xiuhui Zhang Pauli Paasonen Tuukka Pet?j? Veli-Matti Kerminen Yongchun Liu Federico Bianchi Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jiming Hao james n.Smith neil M. Donahue Markku Kulmala Douglas R.Worsnop Jingkun Jiang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of Science University of Helsinki Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Chemistry Department University of California Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies Carnegie Mellon University Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Aerodyne Research Inc.

Transformation of low-volatility gaseous precursors to new particles affects aerosol number concentration,cloud formation and hence the *** clustering of acid and base molecules is a major mechanism driving fast nucleation and initial growth of new particles in the ***,the acid-base cluster composition,measured using state-of-the-art mass spectrometers,cannot explain the measured high formation rate of new *** we present strong evidence for the existence of base molecules such as amines in the smallest atmospheric sulfuric acid clusters prior to their detection by mass *** demonstrate that forming(H2SO4)1(amine)1is the rate-limiting step in atmospheric H2SO4-amine nucleation and the uptake of(H2SO4)1(amine)1is a major pathway for the initial growth of *** proposed mechanism is very consistent with measured new particle formation in urban Beijing,in which dimethylamine is the key base for H2SO4nucleation while other bases such as ammonia may contribute to the growth of larger *** findings further underline the fact that strong amines,even at low concentrations and when undetected in the smallest clusters,can be crucial to particle formation in the planetary boundary layer.

关键词： new particle formation acid-base nucleation aerosol polluted urban environment

Sea nine 211 as antifouling biocide: A coastal pollutant of emerging concern

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 68-79页

作者： Lianguo Chen james C.W.Lam State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong

Sea nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population ***, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.

关键词： Sea nine 211 Antifouling agent Degradation Environmental occurrences Ecological risks Endocrine disruption

A Plant Immune Receptor Degraded by Selective Autophagy

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Molecular Plant 2019年第1期12卷 113-123页

作者： Fan Yang Athen n.Kimberlin Christian G.Elowsky Yunfeng Liu Ariadna Gonzalez-Solis Edgar B.Cahoon james R.Alfano Department of Plant Pathology University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0722USA Center for Plant Science Innovation University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0660USA Department of Bioohemistry University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0664US Center for Biotechnology University of NebraskaLincolnNE 68588-0665USA present address:Department of Biochemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMQ 65211USA Present address:College of Life Science and Technology University of GuangxiNanning 530004China

Plants recycle non-activated immune receptors to maintain a functional immune *** Arabidopsis immune receptor kinase FLAGELLIn-SEnSInG 2 (FLS2)recognizes bacterial ***,the molecular mechanisms by which non-activated FLS2 and other non-activated plant PRRs are recycled remain not well ***,we provide evidence showing thatArabidopsis orosomucoid (ORM)proteins,which have been known to be negative regulators of sphingoUpid biosynthesis,act as selective autophagy receptors to mediate the degradation of *** plants overexpressing ORM 1 or ORM2 have undetectable or greatly diminished FLS2 accumulation,nearly lack FLS2 signaling,and are more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas *** the other hand,ORM1/2 RnAi plants and orml or orrn2 mutants generated by the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing have increased FLS2 accumulation and enhanced FLS2 signaling,and are more resistant to *** proteins interact with FLS2 and the autophagy-related protein ***,overexpression of ORM1 or ORM2 in autophagydefective mutants showed FLS2 abundance that is comparable to that in wild-type ***, FLS2 levels were not decreased in Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ORM1/2 derivatives that do not interact with *** together,these results suggest that selective autophagy functions in maintaining the homeostasis of a plant immune receptor and that beyond sphingolipid metabolic regulation ORM proteins can also act as selective autophagy receptors.

关键词： Plant immunity selective autophagy pattern recognition receptor selective autophagy receptors

Role of the posterior deep deltoid ligament in ankle fracture stability: A biomechanical cadaver study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第11期13卷 969-977页

作者： Daniel james McCormack Matthew Solan Sheweidin Aziz Radwane Faroug Sayyied Kirmani GeorginaWright Jitendra Mangwani Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics University Hospitals of LeicesterLeicester LE15WWUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Royal Surrey City Hospital NHS TrustUniversity of SurreyGuilford GU27XXUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Stoke Mandeville HospitalAylesbury HP218ALBuckinghampshireUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUnD The deltoid ligament is a key component of ankle fracture *** tests to assess deltoid ligament injury have low *** supination externalrotation(SER)type-IV ankle fractures,there is either a medial malleolus fracture or deltoid ligament *** injuries are often considered unstable,requiring surgical *** look to identify the anatomical basis for this *** study investigates the anatomical basis for such instability by re-creating SER type ankle fractures in a standardised cadaveric study model,investigating the anatomical basis for such *** To investigate the anatomical basis for fracture instability in SER type ankle *** Four matched pairs of cadaveric limbs were tested for stability both when axially loaded and under external rotation *** matched pairs of cadaveric limbs(8 specimens)were tested for stability when axially loaded to 750 n with a custom *** were tested through increasing stages of SER injury in a stepwise fashion before restoring the lateral side with open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF).Clinical photographs and radiographs were recorded at each *** defined instability in accordance with well accepted radiological parameters:>4 mm medial clear space opening on a mortise-view radiograph or>7 degrees of talar *** All specimens with an intact posterior deep deltoid ligament were *** the posterior deep deltoid ligament was sectioned there was instability in all *** of the lateral side prevented talar shift,but not talar *** If the posterior deep deltoid ligament is intact then SER fractures can be managed without *** the posterior deep deltoid is incompetent,ORIF and cautious rehabilitation is recommended because the talus can still tilt in the mortise.

关键词： Trauma Fracture stability Biomechanics Cadaveric study Basic science

Agronomic Practices and Macronutrients Status of Different Age Groups of Smallholder Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations in Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1444-1464页

作者： james M. Kundu Godswill A. Asongwe Lawrence M. ndam David T. Agbor Aaron S. Tening Raymond n. nkongho Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon Department of Soil Science and Plant nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea South West Region Cameroon

Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil palm farmers of Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon, suffer from low on farm yields which could emanate from the agronomic practices implemented, which also has an influence on the soil and plant macronutrient status. This study provides information on the agronomic practices, soil and plant macronutrients status in smallholder oil palm fields. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers to collect data on their agronomic practices, using a stratified random sampling design. Soil and plants were sampled from plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibombari-central, Bonamateke, Bomono and nkapa) using a randomized complete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farmers planted Tenera variety, with majority of them below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil macronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optimal at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Similarly, for plant macronutrients, n and P were optimal across the different plantations, while K and Mg were optimal at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronomic practices and macronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in smallholder oil palm plantations of Dibombari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.

关键词： Smallholders Oil Palm Plantations Agronomic Practices Soil and Plant Macronutrients

Relations of change in fruit and vegetable intake with overall energy reduction and physical activity with weight change:Assessing theory-based psychosocial mediators

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第4期8卷 394-399页

作者： james J.Annesi Wellstar School of Health and Human Service Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education Kennesaw State University Young Men’s Christian Association of Metro Atlanta

Background'.Increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable(FV)intake are typically suggested to counter *** behavior change in those areas has,however,been poor,possibly because of a lack of understanding of the effects of psychosocial *** data from previous research,this study aimed to better define the role of physical activity and FV intake in short;and long-term weight loss via changes in malleable psychosocial mediators and ***:Women who were obese(n=183;age=50.0±7.9 years;body mass index=35.2±3.2 kg/m2,mean±SD)and who previously participated in 3 different community-based behavioral weight-loss treatments were assessed over 2 *** in FV intake,physical activity,sei^regulation of physical activity and eating(aggregated),negative mood,and weight were measured over 6 and 24 ***'.Changes in each variable over both 6 and 24 months were significant(all p valuesntake to the weight-related caloric intake relationship(β=.0.30,pnificantly mediated by selfregulation change over 6 *** physical activity to weightchange relationship(β=.0.46,pnificantly mediated by both sei±regulation and mood change over 24 *** activity,itself,accounted for only 16%of weight-related caloric expenditure *** in physical activity and FV intake were each independent predictors of weight change over 24 months(overall R2=0.50,pnclusion-.Findings clarified theory-based targets for weight-management treatments and suggested that future weight-loss treatments strongly focus on developing self-regulatory skills to address barriers to behavioral changes.

关键词： Fruit and vegetable Obesity Physical activity Psychosocial Weight loss

Gas chromatographic method for the determination of hexaconazole residues in black tea

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第2期9卷 160-164页

作者： Chinnachamy KARTHIKA Paul james SACHIn United Planter's Association of South India (UPASI) Tea Research Foundation Tea Research Institute Nirar Dam Branch Post Office (BPO) Valparai 642127 Coimbatore District Tamil Nadu India

A highly reliable, quantitative and sensitive analytical method for determining the residues of the fungicide, hexaconazole in black tea is described. The proposed method is based on liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas chromatographic determination, using nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-nPD) for the identification and quantitation of hexaconazole. The most appropriate solvent mixture for extracting hexaconazole residues from black tea was n-hexane:acetone at 1:1 (v/v). The extract was cleaned up by adsorption column chromatography using activated florisil. Performance of the method was assessed by evaluating quality parameters such as recovery value, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity and limits of detection and quantitation. When the method was assessed for repeatability, the percentage of recovery ranged between 86% and 96% while the relative standard deviation was between 0.30% and 2.35%. In studies on reproducibility the recovery ranged from 81% to 85% and relative standard deviation from 1.68% to 5.13%, implying that the method was reliable. A field trial was conducted to verify the application of this method with real samples. Results prove that the validated method was suitable for extracting hexaconazole residues.

关键词：残留物红茶硅酸镁载体气体色谱法

Chemistry : structure and dynamics / james n. Spencer, George M. Bodner, Lyman H. Rickard.

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The structure of microbial populations in nelore GIT reveals inter-dependency of methanogens in feces and rumen

1999年

作者： james n. Spencer George M. Bodner Lyman H. Rickard.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 577-586页

作者： Bruno G.n.Andrade Flavia A.Bressani Rafael R.C.Cuadrat Polyana C.Tizioto Priscila S.n.de Oliveira Gerson B.Mourão Luiz L.Coutinho james M.Reecy james E.Koltes Paul Walsh Alexandre Berndt Julio C.P.Palhares Luciana C.A.Regitano Embrapa Southeast Livestock São CarlosBrazil Department of Molecular Epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke(DIfE)NuthetalGermany nGS Genomic Solutions PiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science University of São Paulo/ESALQPiracicabaBrazil Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA nSilico Life Science DublinIreland

Background:The success of different species of ruminants in the colonization of a diverse range of environments is due to their ability to digest and absorb nutrients from cellulose,a complex polysaccharide found in leaves and *** rely on a complex and diverse microbial community,or microbiota,in a unique compartment known as the rumen to break down this *** in microbial populations of the rumen can affect the host’s development,health,and ***,accessing the rumen is stressful for the ***,the development and use of alternative sampling methods are needed if this technique is to be routinely used in cattle *** this end,we tested if the fecal microbiome could be used as a proxy for the rumen microbiome due to its *** investigated the taxonomic composition,diversity and inter-relations of two different GIT compartments,rumen and feces,of 26 nelore(Bos indicus)bulls,using next Generation Sequencing(nGS)metabarcoding of bacteria,archaea and ciliate ***:We identified 4265 Amplicon Sequence Variants(ASVs)from bacteria,571 from archaea,and 107 from protozoa,of which 143(96 bacteria and 47 archaea)were found common between both *** most prominent bacterial phyla identified were Bacteroidetes(41.48%)and Firmicutes(56.86%)in the ruminal and fecal microbiomes,respectively,with Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 the most relatively abundant genera identified in each *** most abundant archaeal phylum identified was Euryarchaeota,of which Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii,a methanogen,was the prevalent archaeal species identified in both *** were found exclusively identified in the rumen with Bozasella/Triplumaria being the most frequent genus ***-occurrence among ruminal and fecal ASVs reinforces the relationship of microorganisms within a biological ***,the co-occurrence of shared archaeal ASVs between microbiomes indicat

关键词： Archaea Bacteria Bos indicus Metabarcoding Methanobrevibacter Microbiome Microbiota