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ON INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION IN COmPLEX SERVICE SYSTEmS

Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第4期17卷 385-415页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of miami Coral GablesFloridaUSA

The services sector employs a large and growing proportion of workers in the industrialized nations, and it is increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies. While the interdependences, similarities and complementarities of manufacturing and services are significant, there are considerable differences between goods and services, including the shift in focus from mass production to mass customization （whereby a service is produced and delivered in response to a customer＇s stated or imputed needs）. In general, services can be considered to be knowledge-intensive agents or components which work together as providers and consumers to create or co-produce value. Like manufacturing systems, an efficient service system must be an integrated system of systems, leading to greater connectivity and interdependence. Integration must occur over the physical, temporal, organizational and functional dimensions, and must include methods concerned with the component, the management, and the system. moreover, an effective service system must also be an adaptable system, leading to greater value and responsiveness. Adaptation must occur over the dimensions of monitoring, feedback, cybernetics and learning, and must include methods concerned with space, time, and system. In sum, service systems are indeed complex, especially due to the uncertainties associated with the human-centered aspects of such systems. moreover, the system complexities can only be dealt with methods that enhance system integration and adaptation. The paper concludes with several insights, including a plea to shift the current misplaced focus on developing a science or discipline for services to further developing a systems engineering approach to services, an approach based on the integration and adaptation of a host of sciences or disciplines （e.g., physics, mathematics, statistics, psychology, sociology, etc.）. In fact, what is required is a services-related transdisciplinary - beyond a s

关键词： Services service system system components system integration system adaptation system of systems decision informatics real-time decision making

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BIG DATA:UNLEASHING INFORmATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2013年第2期22卷 127-151页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of Miami

At present, it is projected that about 4 zettabytes （or 10^＊＊21 bytes） of digital data are being generated per year by everything from underground physics experiments to retail transactions to security cameras to global positioning systems. In the U. S., major research programs are being funded to deal with big data in all five sectors （i.e., services, manufacturing, construction, agriculture and mining） of the economy. Big Data is a term applied to data sets whose size is beyond the ability of available tools to undertake their acquisition, access, analytics and/or application in a reasonable amount of time. Whereas Tien （2003） forewarned about the data rich, information poor （DRIP） problems that have been pervasive since the advent of large-scale data collections or warehouses, the DRIP conundrum has been somewhat mitigated by the Big Data approach which has unleashed information in a manner that can support informed - yet, not necessarily defensible or valid - decisions or choices. Thus, by somewhat overcoming data quality issues with data quantity, data access restrictions with on-demand cloud computing, causative analysis with correlative data analytics, and model-driven with evidence-driven applications, appropriate actions can be undertaken with the obtained information. New acquisition, access, analytics and application technologies are being developed to further Big Data as it is being employed to help resolve the 14 grand challenges （identified by the National Academy of Engineering in 2008）, underpin the 10 breakthrough technologies （compiled by the massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2013） and support the Third Industrial Revolution of mass customization.

关键词： Big data data acquisition data access data analytics data application decision informatics products processes adaptive services digital manufacturing mass customization third industrial revolution

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VIEWING URBAN DISRUPTIONS FROm A DECISION INFORmATICS PERSPECTIVE

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2005年第3期14卷 257-288页

作者： james m. TIEN Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Urban infrastructures are the focus of terrorist acts because, quite simply, they produce the most visible impact, if not casualties. While terrorist acts are the most insidious and onerous of all disruptions, it is obvious that there are many similarities to the way one should deal with these willful acts and those caused by natural and accidental incidents that have also resulted in adverse and severe consequences. However, there is one major and critical difference between terrorist acts and the other types of disruptions： the terrorist acts are willful - and therefore also adaptive, if not coordinated. One must counter these acts with the same, if not more sophisticated, willful, adaptive and informed approach. Real-time, information-based decision making - which Tien （2003） has called the decision informatics paradigm - is the approach advanced herein to help make the right decisions at the various stages of a disruption. It is focused on decisions and based on multiple data sources, data fusion and analysis methods, timely information, stochastic decision models and a systems engineering outlook; moreover, it is multidisciplinary, evolutionary and systemic in practice. The approach provides a consistent way to address real-time emergency issues, including those concerned with the preparation for a major disruption, the prediction of such a disruption, the prevention or mitigation of the disruption, the detection of the disruption, the response to the disruption, and the recovery steps that are necessary to adequately, if not fully, recuperate from the disruption. The efforts of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security and its academically-based Homeland Security Centers of Excellence are considered within the proposed types, stages and decisions framework.

关键词： Data fusion data analysis adaptive algorithms decision modeling systems engineering

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THE SPUTNIK OF SERVGOODS： AUTONOmOUS VEHICLES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第2期26卷 133-162页

作者： james m. Tien College of Engineering University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA

In an earlier paper （Tien 2015）, the author defmed the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptable and customizable for a particular use. Adding another layer of physical sensors could then enhance its smartness and intelligence, especially if it were to be connected with each other or with other servgoods through the Internet of Things. Such sensed servgoods are becoming the products of the future. Indeed, autonomous vehicles can be considered the exemplar servgoods of the future; it is about decision informatics and embraces the advanced technologies of sensing （i.e., Big Data）, processing （i.e., real-time analytics）, reacting （i.e., real-time decision-making）, and learning （i.e., deep learning）. Since autonomous vehicles constitute a huge quality-of-life disruption, it is also critical to consider its policy impact on privacy and security, regulations and standards, and liability and insurance. Finally, just as the Soviet Union inaugurated the space age on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the U. S. has inaugurated an age of automata or autonomous vehicles that can be considered to be the U. S. Sputnik of servgoods, with the full support of the U. S. government, the U. S. auto industry, the U. S. electronic industry, and the U.S. higher educational enterprise.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles goods services servgoods sensors Internet of Things decisioninformatics Big Data real-time analytics cloud computing deep learning privacy security regulations,standards liability insurance Sputnik

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mANUFACTURING AND SERVICES:FROm mASS PRODUCTION TO mASS CUSTOmIZATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2011年第2期20卷 129-154页

作者： james m.TIEN College of Engineering University of MiamiCoral Gables

manufacturing and services constitute two of the five sectors of every country＇s economy;depending on the maturity of the economy,they are-in terms of employment-typically the two largest *** outputs or products of an economy can also be divided into goods products（due to manufacturing,construction,agriculture and mining） and services *** date,the goods and services products have,for the most part,been mass produced;it is the premise of this paper that recent technological advances-including flexible manufacturing,cloud computing,nanotechnology and smart sensing-can better enable the transformation from mass production to mass *** regard mass customization as the simultaneous and real time management of supply and demand chains,based on a taxonomy that can be defined in terms of its underpinning component and management *** a components perspective,we first consider the value chain of supplier,manufacturer,assembler,retailer,and customer,and then develop a consistent set of definitions for supply and demand chains based on the location of the customer order penetration *** a management perspective,we classify the methods that are employed in the management of these chains,based on whether supply and/or demand are flexible or ***,our management taxonomy highlights a very critical research area at which both supply and demand are flexible,thus *** management of supply and demand chains sets the stage for mass customization which is concerned with meeting the needs of an individualized customer *** and real time management of supply and demand chains set the stage for real time mass customization（e.g.,wherein a tailor first laser scans an individual＇s upper torso and then delivers a uniquely fitted jacket within a reasonable period,while the individual is waiting）.The benefits of real time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable

关键词： Value chain supply chain demand chain taxonomy real time management mass production mass customization manufacturing goods services

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INTERNET OF CONNECTED SERVGOODS:CONSIDERATIONS,CONSEQUENCES AND CONCERNS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第2期24卷 130-167页

作者： james m.Tien College of Engineering University of Miami

In an earlier paper （Tien 2012）, the author augurs that, in contrast to the first and second industrial revolutions which respectively focused on the development and the mass production of goods, the next - or third - industrial revolution is focused on the integration of services and/or goods; it began in this second decade of the 21st Century. The Third Industrial Revolution （TIR） is underpinned by the integration or mass customization of services and/or goods. The benefits of real-time mass customization cannot be over-stated as goods and services become indistinguishable and are co-produced as ＂ServGoods＂, resulting in an overwhelming economic advantage to the industrialized countries where the consuming customers are at the same time the co-producing producers. Adding sensors to these ServGoods and letting them connect or communicate among themselves or with other ServGoods can result in an Intemet of Things （i.e., connected ServGoods）. A number of considerations, consequences and concerns relating to such an Intemet of Connected ServGoods are discussed herein.

关键词： Goods services ServGoods sensors Big Data decision analytics adaptive services digital manufacturing value chain supply chain demand chain mass production mass customization industrial revolution Intemet of Things

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Geohydraulic Investigation of Aquifer Parameters in Abak, Southern Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 289-301页

作者： Promise james Akpan Akaninyene Okon Akankpo Joseph Gordian Atat Johnson Cletus Ibout Emmanuel Bassey Umoren Department of Physics University of Uyo Akwa Ibom Nigeria Department of Physics University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

A geophysical investigation was carried out to characterize aquifer parameters and assess the groundwater condition in Abak, southern Nigeria. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was carried out using Schlumberger configuration in 10 locations within the area. Both manual and computer interpretation of the resistivity data reveals three to four geoelectric units (laterite topsoil, medium-grained sand, coarse-grained sand, and sandy clay sand) which agrees with the lithologic log from existing boreholes. The aquifer layer was identified along the third formation with resistivity values ranging from 1239 - 5719 Ωm and aquifer depth ranging from 30.2 - 54.8 m. The aquifer thickness ranged from 24.2 - 43.7 m. Hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.1206 m/day - 0.5026 m/day with an average value of 0.29403 m/day. Formation factor ranged from 14.55 - 16.64. Porosity ranged from 15.98% - 22.40%, with an average value of 19.64%. The aquiferous zone falls within the medium/coarse-grained sand. The aquifer is shallow, unconfined, and prolific with a little overburden formation of 13.5 m. The area shows good prospects for groundwater development.

关键词： Electrical Resistivity Porosity Formation Factor Hydraulic Conductivity

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Liver decompensation after rapid weight loss from semaglutide in a patient with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis -associated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第47期29卷 6165-6167页

作者： matthew Peverelle Jonathan Ng james Peverelle ryan D.Hirsch Adam Testro Liver transplant unit Austin HealthMelbourne 3084Australia Liver transplant unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

There is rapidly increasing uptake of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonistssuch as semaglutide worldwide for weight loss and management of non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis (NASH). remains a paucity of safety data in the vulnerable NASHcirrhotic population. We report herein the first documented case of liver decompensationand need for liver transplant waitlisting in a patient with NASHcirrhosistreated with semaglutide. Rapid weight loss led to the development ofascites and hepatic encephalopathy and an increase in the patients model forEndstage Liver Disease-Na (mELD-Na) score from 11 to 22. Aggressive nutritionalsupplementation was commenced and the semaglutide was stopped. Overthe following months she regained her weight and her liver recompensated andher mELD-Na decreased to 13, allowing her to be delisted from the transplantwaitlist. This case serves as a cautionary tale to clinicians using semaglutide in thecirrhotic population and highlights the need for more safety data in this patientgroup.

关键词： Semaglutide Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Cirrhosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists Weight loss

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Implications of the gene balance hypothesis for dosage compensation

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第2期6卷 118-124页

作者： james A.BIRCHLER Lin SUN ryan DONOHUE Abhijit SANYAL Weiwu XIE Division of Biological Sciences University of missouri ColumbiaMO 65211USA

Dosage compensation refers to the equal expression between the sexes despite the fact that the dosage of the X chromosome is different in males and *** Drosophila there is a twofold upregulation of the single male *** triple X metafemales,there is also dosage compensation,which occurs by a two-thirds *** is a concomitant reduction in expression of many autosomal genes in *** male specific lethal(mSL)complex is present on the male X *** is discussed showing that the mSL complex sequesters a histone acetyltransferase to the X chromosome to mute an otherwise increased expression by diminishing the histone acetylation on the *** lines of evidence indicate that a constraining activity occurs from the mSL complex to prevent overcompensation on the X that might otherwise occur from the high level of acetylation ***,the evidence suggests that dosage compensation is a modification of a regulatory inverse dosage effect that is a reflection of intrinsic gene regulatory mechanisms and that the mSL complex has evolved in reaction in order to equalize the expression on both the X and autosomes of males and females.

关键词： inverse dosage effect male specific lethal complex histone acetylation metafemales

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Insurance coverage for male infertility care in the United States

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 339-341,I0006页

作者： james m Dupree Department of Urology Divisions of Andrology and Health Services Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan 1500 E Medical Center Drive 3875 Taubman Center SPC 5330 Ann Arbor M148109-5330 USA.

Infertility is a common condition experienced by many men and women, and treatments are expensive. The World Health Organization and American Society of Reproductive medicine define infertility as a disease, yet private companies infrequently offer insurance coverage for infertility treatments. This is despite the clear role that healthcare insurance plays in ensuring access to care and minimizing the financial burden of expensive services. In this review, we assess the current knowledge of how male infertility care is covered by insurance in the United States. We begin with an appraisal of the costs of male infertility care, then examine the state insurance laws relevant to male infertility, and close with a discussion of why insurance coverage for male infertility is important to both men and women. Importantly, we found that despite infertility being classified as a disease and males contributing to almost half of all infertility cases, coverage for male infertility is often excluded from health insurance laws. Excluding coverage for male infertility places an undue burden on their female partners. In addition, excluding care for male infertility risks missing opportunities to diagnose important health conditions and identify reversible or irreversible causes of male infertility. Policymakers should consider providing equal coverage for male and female infertility care in future health insurance laws.

关键词： health policy insurance male infertility public policy

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