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Soil and water conservation effects on soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,northern Ethiopia

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 231-240页

作者： Solomon Hishe james lyimo Woldeamlak Bewket Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopia Institute of Resources Assessment University of Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Community-based Soil and Water Conservation(SWC)practices have been adopted in the Tigray region since 1991 for restoration of the degraded *** effects of those conservation measures on physico-chemical properties of soil were limitedly ***,this study evaluated the effects of SWC on selected soil properties in the Middle Silluh Valley,Tigray region,Northern *** study considered conserved landscapes(terraced hillside,terraced farmland and exclosure area)and non-conserved landscapes(non-terraced hillside,non-terraced farmland and open grazing land)for comparison using a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).A total of 24 samples were collected from each landscape at a depth of 10–30 *** results indicated that mean bulk density(BD)was low on terraced hillside,non-terraced hillside and exclosure *** and clay content were significantly different at P<0.05 for the six landscape *** mean organic matter was observed in the conserved landscape,as compared with the corresponding non-conserved ***'s correlation between Soil Organic Matter(SOM)and clay content,SOM and Total Nitrogen(TN)showed strong positive ***,the results show that SWC had significantly positive effects on soil's physical and chemical properties in the study area.

关键词： Land degradation Soil and water conservation Soil properties Middle Silluh Valley Ethiopia

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Climate Change, Adaptive Strategies and Rural Livelihoods in Semiarid Tanzania

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Natural Resources 2013年第3期4卷 266-278页

作者： Richard Y. M. Kangalawe james G. lyimo Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Institute of Resource Assessment University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

Climate change is a global challenge to both sustainable livelihoods and economic development. In Tanzania as in most African countries, farming depends almost entirely on rainfall, a situation that makes agriculture and thus rural livelihoods especially in semiarid environments particularly vulnerable to climate change. This study analyses the impacts of climate change and variability on rural livelihoods with particular focus on agricultural production, food security and adaptive capacities in semiarid areas of Tanzania. The methods used in this study included focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household surveys and field observations. Results from the study indicate that communities understood climate change in terms of variability in rainfall patterns and amount, temperature patterns, wind, water availability, increased incidences of drought and decreased agricultural productivity. Communities in the study area acknowledged that while rainfall amounts have decreased over the last thirty years, temperatures have increased;an experience is also supported by meteorological data. Such changes were claimed to have reduced agricultural productivity particularly due to prolonged drought, inadequate and uneven distribution of rainfall as well as unpredictable onset and ending of rains. Stressors such as crop diseases and pests, low soil fertility and inadequate extension services were also reported to contribute to the decline in agricultural productivity and re-occurrence of food insecurity. In response, communities have developed multiple adaptation strategies, including growing of drought tolerant and early maturing crop varieties, increasing wetlands cultivation, water harvesting for small-scale irrigation and livestock keeping. However, households with limited livelihood assets are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and food insecurity. The study argues that diversification of adaptive strategies, such as water harvesting for small-sca

关键词： Climate Change Adaptive Strategies Food Insecurity Rural Livelihoods Semiarid Tanzania

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