检索结果-南通市图书馆

Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

引用

贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 17-28页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen lan Huu Shedrawy Jad l?nnroth Knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew james National lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;Plted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;Plated stigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biomaterials for refractive correction:corneal onlays and inlays

引用

Science China Chemistry 2014年第4期57卷 501-509页

作者： WU Jian FUNDERBURGH james l WAGNER William R McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh

Corneal inlays and onlays represent a means of providing patients with permanent refractive error correction. As an alternative to conventional spectacles and contact lens, these techniques are less invasive compared with laser-based refractive surgery and are reversible. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the anatomic microstructure of the human cornea, indicating the primary physiological function for each component. Next, the wide range of biomaterials used as corneal inlays and onlays are considered, from synthetic polymers to biological components derived from the extracellular matrix. The limitations and challenges associated with the most common materials are discussed as is the need to improve their properties to achieve long-term, complication-free intraocular implantation. Finally, the prospect of applying tissue engineering strategies is noted for its potential to generate autologous corneal tissue that could be implanted as the optimal inlay or onlay materials.

关键词： refractive error onlays inlays synthetic polymer biological extracellular matrix refractive surgery

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Perspectives on the clinical development of mmunotherapy in prostate cancer

引用

Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 253-259页

作者： lisa M Cordes james l Gulley Ravi A Madan Clinical Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Genitourinary Malignancies Branch Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Despite impressive survival benefits with immunotherapy in patients with various solid tumors, the full potential of these agents in prostate cancer has yet to be realized. SipuleuceI-T demonstrated a survival benefit in this population, indicating that prostate cancer is an immunoresponsive disease; however, these results have not been matched by other agents. A large trial with ipilimumab in prostate cancer failed to meet its primary objective, and small trials with PD-1/PD-l1 inhibitors did not yield a significant improvement in overall response. However, several late-stage clinical trials are underway with other vaccines in prostate cancer. Reports of clinical benefit with immunotherapies, particularly when used in combination or a select population, have provided the framework to develop sound clinical trials. Understanding immunogenic modulation, antigen spread, biomarkers, and DNA-repair defects will also help mold future strategies. Through rational patient selection and evidence-based combination approaches, patients with prostate cancer may soon derive durable survival benefits with immunotherapies.

关键词： checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

引用

Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： Edward l.Chupp james M.Ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAl and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TElESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-Meson Production

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

RNAi,a new therapeutic strategy against viral infection

引用

Cell Research 2004年第6期14卷 460-466页

作者： Fischer l.TAN,james Q.YIN Institute of Biophysics Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 15 Datun Road Beijing 100101 China. Chinese Academy of Sciences 15 Datun Road Beijing 100101 China.

RNA interference (RNAi) is an adaptive defense mechanism triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). It is a powerful reverse genetic tool that has been widely employed to silence gene expression in mammalian and human cells. RNAi-based gene therapies, especially in viral diseases have become more and more interesting and promising. Recently, small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be used to protect host from viral infection, inhibit the expression of viral antigen and accessory genes, control the transcription and replication of viral genome, hinder the assembly of viral particles, and display influences in virus-host interactions. In this review, we attempt to present recent progresses of this breakthrough technology in the above fields and summarize the possibilities of siRNA-based drugs.

关键词： RNAi siRNA viral infection gene therapy.

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of reaction temperature,time and particle size on switchgrass microwave pyrolysis and reaction kinetics

引用

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 53-61页

作者： Rui Zhou Hanwu lei james l.Julson Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth Dakota 57007 USA Bioproducts Sciences and Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Biological Systems EngineeringWashington State UniversityRichlandWashington 99352 USA

This study investigated microwave pyrolysis of switchgrass with particle sizes from 0.5 mm to 4 mm and determined the effects of reaction temperature and time on the yields of bio-oil,syngas,and bio-char.A prediction model was satisfactorily developed to describe the bio-oil conversion yield as a function of reaction temperature and ***-order reaction kinetics was also developed to model the switchgrass *** with different particle sizes was found to be similarly pyrolyzed by microwave *** research results indicated that thermochemical conversion reactions can take place rapidly in large-sized switchgrass by using microwave ***-MS analysis indicates that the bio-oil contained a series of important and useful chemical compounds:phenols,aliphatic hydrocarbons,aromatic hydrocarbons,and furan *** chemical compounds evolved were related to the pyrolysis conditions.

关键词： switchgrass microwave pyrolysis kinetics bio-oil syngas bio-char

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Seismic behavior assessment for design of integral abutment bridges in Illinois

引用

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2022年第2期21卷 573-589页

作者： Derek l.Kozak larry A.Fahnestock james M.laFave KPFF Consulting Engineers Inc 1601 Fifth AvenueSuite 1600SeattleWA 98101USA Dept.of Civil and Environmental Engineering Univ.of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Integral abutment bridges(IABs)minimize deterioration and degradation of the abutment seats and bearings due to water,dirt,and deicing chemicals by eliminating bearings and expansion *** the continuity between superstructure and abutments in an IAB is beneficial for reducing maintenance costs,it leads to more complex behavior under strength and service loading(temperature and traffic)and extreme loading(earthquake).The coupling of superstructure and substructure behavior necessitates system-level analysis of *** seismic IAB studies have typically investigated the behavior of individual IAB components,however a gap of knowledge has developed due to the lack of studies and investigation about the behavior of all IAB components and their interactions with each other in a single analysis *** study uses nonlinear static and dynamic analyses to investigate and assess the seismic behavior of IABs typical to the state of *** analyses aim to bridge the gap of knowledge by evaluating IABs as a whole and utilizing the results to indicate potential vulnerabilities in the design and construction of IABs in Illinois during design-level and larger seismic events,which could not be identified by component-level IAB analyses alone.

关键词： structural analysis seismic design bridge design structural models seismic analysis

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effect of nanoparticles on the nucleation and agglomeration rates of hydrate growth using THF-water clathrates

引用

Petroleum Science 2020年第2期17卷 467-476页

作者： Syed Y.Nahri james l.Nielsen Yuanhang Chen Craft and Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Four types of nanoparticles,amorphous carbon,ironⅢoxide,SiO2,and amino-coated SiO2,were tested to determine changes in tetrahydrofuran-water(THF-water)clathrate hydrate nucleation and *** were experimentally found to determine their viability for preventing natural gas hydrates from developing during offshore drilling ***-water clathrates were chosen as a model to represent gas hydrate growth at atmospheric *** of each nanoparticle between 0.15%and 1.0%by weight were tested as a kinetic inhibitor to hydrate *** were repeated at various temperatures below the formation temperature of 4.4℃for THF-water clathrate *** were made to identify how the concentration of THF affects the clathrate hydrates forming under static conditions between20%and 30%by mole of *** primary tests in this study were performed using a 20:80 THF/water *** increases during hydrate nucleation for THF-water were measured between-5 and 3℃.The range of ideal nanoparticle concentrations was found to be between 0.15%and 0.45%by weight for optimal static,kinetic inhibition of hydrate *** approximately 0.3%by weight,the most significant inhibition was observed under static conditions for all four types of nanoparticles *** found that functionalized amino-coated SiO2 nanoparticles,across all tests,significantly increased the time required for the formation of THF-water clathrate hydrates compared to the other three non-functionalized *** amorphous carbon and ironⅢoxide nanoparticles performed similarly across each test and were both the least effective in their inhibition of the clathrate hydrates of the four nanoparticles studied compared to a control.

关键词： Nanoparticles Gas hydrates Clathrates Hydrate inhibition Functionalized nanoparticles

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) under laboratory Conditions

引用

Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu james Sundufu Alusaine Edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred Kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus l. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Western Imperialism and Military Reform in Japan and China

引用

Frontiers of History in China 2012年第3期7卷 404-414页

作者： james l. Hevia Department of History The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

This paper compares the initial efforts at military reform in China and Japan in the late nineteenth century. Changes in military organization and training are situated within a global process of military transformation represented by changes in the structure of the Prussian army. The Prussian staff system and planning program were imported into both Japan and China, but with quite different results. The paper contrasts centralization and standardization as typified by the new Japanese army with the decentered approaches in China. The paper argues that although there was substantive change in China, the Qing state was unable to impose a uniform plan for military Westernization. As a result, the new armies were never integrated into a common organization capable of defending the state from external aggression.

关键词： Prussian military model General Staff army reform Japan armyreform China drill and maneuvers arsenals Indian Army Intelligence Branch,centralized military planning

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：