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行政法官在发展社会政策中的作用

行政法学研究 2012年第3期 140-144页

作者：小查尔斯·科赫宋东邓云成苗文龙威廉玛丽法学院美国威廉斯堡8795 重庆大学法学院重庆400045 上海交通大学凯原法学院上海200240

行政法官有一种严重的、在一定意义上属于低人一等的情结。①相比于“真正的”法官，他们对自身的地位过度敏感。然而他们在社会中的作用却使其他法官黯然失色。尽管他们的价值常常受到成本一效益（cost effectiveness）的衡量，但最重... 详细信息

行政法官有一种严重的、在一定意义上属于低人一等的情结。①相比于“真正的”法官，他们对自身的地位过度敏感。然而他们在社会中的作用却使其他法官黯然失色。尽管他们的价值常常受到成本一效益（cost effectiveness）的衡量，但最重要贡献却在于社会政策的发展方面。②鉴于行政国家的发展，他们己成为政策发展的关键角色。正如伟大智者詹姆斯·兰迪斯（james Landis）所言：“对行政[机构]的最终考验在于它所制定的政策，而不是他们自己所作的记录中争议当事人问的公正。”

关键词：社会政策行政法官行政国家詹姆斯当事人公正

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吸入麻醉药的制动效应是否需要一种新的解释

麻醉与镇痛 2010年第3期6卷 61-78页

作者： Edmond I Eger II, MD Douglas E. Raines, MD Steven L. Sharer, MD Hugh C. Hemmings, jr., MD, PhD james M. Sonner, MD 张益(译) 喻田(校) Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California San Francisco California Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts Department of Anesthesia Columbia University New York City New York Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medical College New York City New York 不详

吸入麻醉药使人或动物对伤害性刺激不产生体动反应的具体机制，目前的研究仍然众说纷纭。一些研究发现，如吸入麻醉药之间的相加作用，提示各种麻醉药可能通过作用于一些共同的位点产生制动作用。然而，近20年来的研究却并未真正发现一... 详细信息

吸入麻醉药使人或动物对伤害性刺激不产生体动反应的具体机制，目前的研究仍然众说纷纭。一些研究发现，如吸入麻醉药之间的相加作用，提示各种麻醉药可能通过作用于一些共同的位点产生制动作用。然而，近20年来的研究却并未真正发现一种配体或是电压门控通道能单独介导这种制动作用。很多猜测的靶点，如阿片受体、5-HT3受体、GABA。受体、谷氨酸受体，以及钾和钙通道等，有的在制动效应的机制中仅起很小的作用，有的则完全没有作用。此外，多种配体门控通道或多种电压门控通道的联合效应也达不到这样的效果。少数较可信的靶点（如钠通道）值得进一步研究，但仍存在非特异性机制的可能。

关键词：吸入麻醉药制动作用 5-HT3受体电压门控阿片受体伤害性刺激谷氨酸受体特异性机制

Design flaws in randomized, placebo controlled, double blind clinical trials

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2012年第1期1卷 4-9页

作者： james David Adams jr Department of Pharmacology and Phar-maceutical Sciences University of Southern California School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA 90089 United States

The hypothesis in drug clinical trials is that the drug is better than a placebo in patients suffering from a disease. The unstated assumption is that the drug cures the disease or is a powerful treatment for the disease. This is an incorrect assumption. Drugs do not cure or treat diseases. The body heals itself; drugs promote this ability of the body to heal itself. Placebos are assumed to be inactive; however, placebos can also promote the ability of the body to heal itself. Placebos are actually treatments that can stimulate endogenous healing mechanisms. The possible place of placebos in health management is controversial. Clinical trial design should be altered. The hypothesis of clinical trials should be that the drug speeds up or improves the healing of the patient, putting patient healing as the first objective. Placebos should not be used as controls but could be tested as drugs in their own right. The control in clinical trials should be no treatment. Alternatively, new drugs could be compared to existing drugs in clinical trials.

关键词：药物临床试验患者治疗方法临床分析

Preventive medicine and the traditional concept of living in balance

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2013年第3期2卷 73-77页

作者： james David Adams jr Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern California

Chronic diseases such as arthritis, heart disease and type 2 diabetes are becoming much more common. The cost of maintaining patients inflicted with these diseases increases yearly. These diseases were less common prior to 1970. This paper will consider several questions. How do toxic lifestyles contribute to these chronic diseases? What is preventive medicine? How can traditional healing help educate people about disease prevention? What is the traditional concept of balance and how is it important in modern medicine? The dangers of obesity are discussed in terms of inflammatory adipokine and inflammatory fat production. Mechanisms of disease causation or promotion are reviewed for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis and cancer. A preventive medicine approach to preventing or perhaps curing these diseases is given which involves treating toxic lifestyles and encouraging people to live in balance. The traditional concept of balance is explained in traditional Chinese medicine terms and in scientific terms. Yin and yang are cold and hot but can also be seen as agonist and antagonist. In addition, yin and yang can be seen as rest and exercise. When yin and yang are in balance, chi flows in the body. Chi is the flow of extracellular and intracellular signaling compounds and processes in the body. When the body isin balance, it can heal itself. The traditional concept of balance should be taught as a central principle of preventive medicine.

关键词：慢性疾病糖尿病治疗方法临床分析

Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 109-119页

作者： Romeo B.Batacan jr.Mitch J.Duncan Vincent J.Dalbo Geraldine L.Buitrago Andrew S.Fenning School of Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University Centre for Physical Activity Studies Central Queensland University School of Medicine & Public Health Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of Newcastle University Drive Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Central Queensland University Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook University

Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult ***: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and *** indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA ***: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL ***: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.

关键词：高脂肪心脏老鼠食谱脉管标记成年物理

American government The Essentials james Q. Wilson, John J. Dilulio 8th ed.; postinaugural ed.

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American government The Essentials James Q. Wilson, John J. ...

2001年

作者： james Q. Wilson John J. Dilulio

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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猪鞭虫治疗克罗恩病

世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 30-31页

作者： Summers R.W. Elliot D.E. Urban jr. J.F. 雒向宁 james A. Clifton Ctr. Digest. Dis. Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242 United States Dr.

Background: Crohns disease is common in highly industrialised Western countries where helminths are rare and uncommon in less developed areas of the world where most people carry worms. Helminths diminish immune responsiveness in naturally colonised humans and reduce inflammation in experimental colitis. Thus exposure to helminths may help prevent or even ameliorate Crohns disease. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the safety and possible efficacy of the intestinal helminth Trichuris suis in the treatment of patients with active Crohns disease. Patients: Twenty nine patients with active Crohns disease, defined by a Crohns disease activity index (CDAI) ≥220 were enrolled in this open label study. Methods: All patients ingested 2500 live T suis ova every three weeks for 24 weeks, and disease activity was monitored by CDAI. Remission was defined as a decrease in CDAI to less than 150 while a response was defined as a decrease in CDAI of greater than 100. Results: At week 24, 23 patients (79.3%) responded (decrease in CDAI >100 points or CDAI < 150) and 21/29 (72.4%) remitted (CDAI < 150). Mean CDAI of responders decreased 177.1 points below baseline. Analysis at week 12 yielded similar results. There were no adverse events. Conclusions: This new therapy may offer a unique, safe, and efficacious alternative for Crohns disease management. These findings also support the premise that natural exposure to helminths such as T suis affords protection from immunological diseases like Crohns disease.

关键词：克罗恩病鞭虫实验性结肠炎疾病活动度免疫应答免疫性疾病炎症反应个活不良反应下者

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利用直接推进技术测定渗透系数的最新进展

水文地质工程地质 2012年第1期39卷 8-12,18页

作者：王晓丽郑春苗刘改胜李文鹏 Steve Knobbe Edward Reboulet james J.Butler jr 北京大学水资源研究中心北京100871 阿拉巴马大学地质科学系阿拉巴马35487 美国堪萨斯大学堪萨斯州地质调查局堪萨斯66045 中国地质环境监测院北京100081

高精度测定渗透系数(K)的重要性不言自明,但是现阶段野外试验手段能够提供的关于K的信息不能满足高度非均质地层中污染物迁移预测模拟的需求。直接推进注入记录器(Direct-Push Injection Logger,DPIL)和直接推进渗透仪(Direct-Push Perm... 详细信息

高精度测定渗透系数(K)的重要性不言自明,但是现阶段野外试验手段能够提供的关于K的信息不能满足高度非均质地层中污染物迁移预测模拟的需求。直接推进注入记录器(Direct-Push Injection Logger,DPIL)和直接推进渗透仪(Direct-Push Permeameter,DPP)是新发展的水文地质参数测量仪器,能够使K值的测定达到前所未有的分辨率和成本效益水平。工具向地下推进过程中,通过对注水量、注水压力和其它的水文地球物理参数的同步监测,直接推进技术(Direct Push,DP)能快捷准确地获得地层渗透系数的垂向分布。DP技术几乎适用于所有野外松散地层,并且对场地的干扰很小。因此,它克服了许多基于既有井的传统含水层测试方法的局限性。最近在美国MADE试验场的一个案例研究表明,使用DPIL/DPP可以获得空间分辨率达1.5cm的K值垂向分布。未来,高精度直接推进技术还可以与新一代的地球物理技术,例如高精度探地雷达相结合,以实现不同位置DP测定K值的互联以及整个试验场K值三维分布的确定。

关键词：直接推进技术直接推进注入记录器直接推进渗透仪渗透系数

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黄金提炼的环境安全

黄金科学技术 1988年第4期 27-27页

作者： james D.Mavis,jr. 洪炜

霍姆斯得克矿业公司(HomestakeMining Company)正在致力研究采用非传统的方法处理麦克劳林矿(McLaughlinMine)的难选金矿石以提高金回收率。麦克劳林矿的金在整个硫化矿相中呈高度染浸状,因此必需通过氧化这些硫化物来改善金的浸出性能... 详细信息

霍姆斯得克矿业公司(HomestakeMining Company)正在致力研究采用非传统的方法处理麦克劳林矿(McLaughlinMine)的难选金矿石以提高金回收率。麦克劳林矿的金在整个硫化矿相中呈高度染浸状,因此必需通过氧化这些硫化物来改善金的浸出性能。霍姆斯得克公司根据环境和经济条件在磨矿和炭浆法萃取回路之间安装了一台矿浆加压氧化设备(高压浸出釜),以析出金。附图是这种金回收方法的方框流程图。CHZM HILL 与霍姆斯得克公司工程和环境组紧密合作,以评估各种处理方法的排放物对大气的影响并评估尾矿特性。在环

关键词：高压浸出回路矿浆排放物麦克劳林尾矿炭浆