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Estimation of Peanut Maturity Using Color Image Analysis

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2024年第8期15卷 617-635页

作者： Wei-Zhen Liang Kendall R. Kirk james s. Thomas Andrew C. Warner Department of Biological systems Engineering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Panhandle Research and Extension Center University of Nebraska-Lincoln Scottsbluff NE USA Department of Plant Environmental science Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Research and Education Center Clemson University Blackville SC USA University of Georgia-Athens Cooperative Extension Athens GA USA

Peanuts pods grow underground and mature unevenly, resulting that choosing the correct time to harvest is more complicated than other crops. Pod maturity can be determined by blasting with a pressure washer to remove outer skin of the pod (exocarp) to expose the color of the middle layer (mesocarp). The mesocarp color changes with maturity from white to yellow, orange, brown and finally black. The sum of percentage from orange, brown, and black mesocarp (OBB) color and black color (BL) represents the kernels that are mature enough to harvest. The goal of this research is to identify methodologies to estimate OBB and BL of the pods using RGB images taken in the field and validate the proposed model using other pod images. The Mahalanobis distance classification method was used to process sets of images and calculate pod area (number of pixels) corresponding to two classes (mesocarp and background) with nine different color groups. The results showed a performance of 94% effectiveness for mesocarp using Mahalanobis distance classification. statistical regression for OBB and BL was developed based on 315 images of peanut pods taken from the field. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual OBB were 0.93 and 4.1%, respectively. The R2 and root mean square error of predicted and actual BL were 0.88 and 1.8%, respectively. The validation of OBB using other images provided reasonable estimation (R2 = 0.98 and RMsE = 2.73%). This study introduces a novel, cost-effective, and non-destructive method for estimating peanut maturity using RGB imagery and Mahalanobis distance classification in the field. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of traditional methods and offers a robust alternative for real-time maturity assessment.

关键词： Peanut Maturity Mesocarp Exocarp Mahalanobis Distance statistical Regression

Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： shuchao Wang Roland suluku Mohamed B.Jalloh Ahmed F.samba Baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday sahr Mahmud E.sesay james s.squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina N.Kallon shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China Department of Animal sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food sciences Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China

Background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited *** Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent *** this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the *** The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in *** cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain ***-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing *** phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide *** The outbreak in Port Loko District,sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,*** ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified *** as the causative agent of the *** a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BasL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the ***.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of *** We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in sierra *** causative isolate of ***,BasL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in ***.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,***.144 and ***.148,

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax Bacillus anthracis sierra Leone Phylogeny single nucleotide polymorphism

When the People speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation Har/DVD

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A review of progress on nano-aperture VCsEL Invited Paper

2009年

作者： james s. Fishkin

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第10期6卷 748-754页

作者： sonny Vo james s.Harris solid state and Photonics Laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia94305USA

This paper reviews the progress on nano-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCsELs）. The design, fabrication, and polarization control of nano-aperture VCsELs are reviewed. With the nanoaperture evolving from conventional circular and square aperture to unique C-shaped, H-shaped, I-shaped, and bowtie-shaped aperture, both the near-field intensity and near-field beam confinement from nanoaperture VCsELs are significantly improved. As a high-intensity compact light source with sub-100- nm spot size, nano-aperture VCsELs are promising to realize many new near-field optical systems and applications.

关键词： VCsEL view A review of progress on nano-aperture VCsEL Invited Paper

Current recommendations of managing HBV infection in preconception or pregnancy

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 158-165页

作者： james s. Park Calvin Pan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine NYU Langone Medical Center NYU School of Medicine New York 10016 USA

Hepatitis B remains a leading cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation worldwide. Management of chronic hepatitis B during pregnancy is challenging. Transmission of hepatitis B to infants still occurs perinataily although immunoprophylaxis is widely available for infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection. The emerging data suggest that initiation of antiviral therapy in the beginning of the third trimester in highly viremic mothers can prevent immunoprophylaxis failure in their infants. The available drug safety data show that lamivudine, telbivudine and tenofovir are generally safe to be used during the pregnancy. In order to minimize the fetal exposure to the antiviral medication, antiviral therapy during the pregnancy should be limited to a selected group of patients with cirrhosis, high hepatitis B viral load, or prior history immunoprophylaxis failure. An elective Caesarean section may reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. For those females planning for pregnancy or in early stage of pregnancy, communication and follow-up among obstetrician, gastroenterologist, and primary care physician are important. In this article, we will review the features of hepatitis B infection before, during and after the pregnancy; the risk factors that increase mother-tochild transmission; safety data on antiviral drug use during pregnancy; and the potential role of Caesarean section in selected cases.

关键词： antiviral therapy Caesarean section cirrhosis hepatitis B irnmunoprophylaxis mother-to-child transmission pregnancy prevention

Evolution of continent ileostomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第27期18卷 3479-3482页

作者： Gurel Nessar james s Wu Department of Gastrointestinal surgery Yuksek Ihtisas HospitalAnkara 06100Turkey Department of Colorectal surgery Digestive Disease InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

Continent ileostomy can be defined as a surgical procedure that facilitates planned intermittent evacuation of a bowel reservoir through an *** was devised by Nils Kock in ***,continent ileostomy (or Kock pouch) became a viable alternative in the management of patients who had traditionally required an end *** pouch appeared to provide substantial physical and psychosocial benefits over a conventional *** procedure became popular until ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) was introduced in *** its benefits,continent ileostomy had many short term complications including intubation problems,ileus,anastomotic leaks,peritonitis and valve *** mortalities have also been reported in the *** of these problems have been eliminated with increasing experience;however,valverelated problems remain as an "Achilles' heel" of the *** modifications have been introduced to prevent this *** patients have had their pouch removed because of complications mainly related to valve *** revision rates can be high,most of the patients who retain their reservoirs are satisfied with regard to their health status and quality of ***,this procedure is still appropriate for selected patients for whom pouch surgery is not possible or for patients who have failed *** the patient and their physician must be highly motivated to accept the risk of failure and the subsequent need for revisional operations.

关键词： Continent ileostomy Kock pouch Ileal res-ervoir surgical technique

Methodology to locate and quantify radial winding deformation in power transformers

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High Voltage 2017年第1期2卷 17-24页

作者： steven D.Mitche james s.Wesh school of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanN.S.W 2308Australia

Frequency response analysis(FRA)is a tool that can be used to detect changes within the structural geometry of a *** application of FRA is to detect winding displacement after the transformer experiences an overcurrent *** paper proposes a methodology which will facilitate both locating and quantifying winding *** procedure is based on the fitting of a Gray Box transformer model to FRA measurements which were recorded both before and after the *** variation in key parameters of the model can then be used to quantify winding deformation *** research will demonstrate the applicability of this approach to a wide range of transformer applications by using FRA from a modified 1.3 MVA distribution transformer,and assessing the change in key parameters relative to the emulated buckling introduced to the *** authors propose that this approach is ideally suited for use within an automated diagnostic system which will locate,diagnose and quantify winding deformation within power transformers.

关键词： winding deformation power

Upper range limit establishment after wildfire of an obligateseeding montane forest tree fails to keep pace with 20th century warming

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 200-207页

作者： John W.Morgan james D.Vincent james s.Camac Research Centre for Applied Alpine Ecology Department of EcologyEnvironment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityKingsbury DriveBundooraVIC 3086Australia Department of Biological sciences Macquarie UniversityBalaclava RoadNorth RydeNew South Wales 2109Australia

Aims How species respond to climate change at local scales will depend on how edaphic and biological characteristics interact with species physiological limits and traits such as *** seeders,those species that depend on fire for recruitment,have few and epi-sodic opportunities to track a changing climate *** such cases,long-distance seed dispersal will be necessary to take advan-tage of rare recruitment *** examine recruitment patterns and seedling growth below,at and above the timberline of an obligate-seeding Australian montane forest tree(Eucalyptus delegatensis)after stand-replacing fire,and place these changes in the context of regional *** We use two methods to detect whether *** can estab-lish and persist above the timberline after stand-replacing wildfire in montane forests in south-east ***,we examine estab-lishment patterns by using belt transects at six sites to quantify how changes in post-fire recruit density with increasing distance above the timberline seven years ***,to determine whether dispersal or physiological constraints determine post-fire establish-ment patterns,we transplanted seedlings and saplings into bare ground above(100 m elevation),at,and below(50 m elevation)timberline 18-months after *** monitored seedling growth and survival for one growing *** Findings There was minimal upslope migration of the species after fire with most saplings observed near seed-bearing timberline trees,with only occasional outpost *** seedlings and saplings sur-vived equally well across one growing season when planted above existing timberlines,relative to saplings at or below the *** and sapling growth rates also did not differ across these location,although seedlings grew at much faster rates than *** findings suggest that upslope growing season conditions are unlikely to limit initial range expansion of trees aft

关键词： climate change dispersal limitation growth rates regeneration niche timberline

Environmental noise alters gastric myoelectrical activity:Effect of age

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第3期13卷 403-407页

作者： james s Castle Mark R Warner Mark A Korsten Medical Program and Audiology service James J Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY and Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York United States

AIM: To evaluate the effect of age and acoustic stress on gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic nervous system function. METHODs: Twenty-one male subjects (age range 22-71 years, mean 44 years) were recruited and exposed, in random order, to three auditory stimuli (Hospital noise, conversation babble and traffic noise) after a 20-min baseline. All periods lasted 20 min and were interspersed with a 10 min of recovery. GMA was obtained using a synectics Microdigitrapper. Autonomic nerve function was assessed by monitoring blood pressure and heart rate using an automatic recording device. REsULTs: Dominant power tended to decrease with increase of age (P sed during exposure to hospital noise (12.0%, P se (13.9%, P sation babble (7.1%). The subjects in the younger group (s) showed a consistent reduction in the percentage of 3 CPM activity during hospital noise (22.9%, P se (19.0%, P sation babble (15.5%). These observations were accompanied by a significant increase in bradygastria: hospital noise (P se (P st, the subjects over 50 years of age did not exhibit a significant decrease in 3 CPM activity. Regardless of age, noise did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. CONCLUsION: GMA changes with age. Loud noise can alter GMA, especially in younger individuals. Our data indicate that even short-term exposure to noise may alter the contractility of the stomach.

关键词： Noise, Acoustic stress, Gastric myoelectrical activity Electrogastmgram Autonomic nervous system