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Otolaryngology residency program factors associated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick james C.Campbell charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.Collins Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which medical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train more female *** study sought to identify program factors associated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency programs in the United States and Puerto Rico were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program was also recorded,as was female resident *** were compared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger faculty sizes,more female faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐median female resident *** female faculty representation,program director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residency representation was associated with programs having an urban location and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size may affect female resident *** proportions of female faculty,program director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program director recruitment residency training

The Transmission,Establishment and Cross-cultural Integration of Chinese Medicine in the Mainstream Healthcare,through the Eyes of a Generation of Visionaries and Pioneers

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 1-4页

作者： Ioannis Solos charles Buck Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom

It has historically been very difficult to trace the history of the westward transmission of Chinese medicine through the accounts of its protagonists. Many of the early scholars such as Jack Worsley, Dick Van Buren, and Joe Goodman were reluctant to divulge information about the source of their knowledge, or their professional qualifications. Others, such as John Shen and Hong Yuan-bain were early 20th century immigrants who transmitted highly personalized versions of acupuncture and Chinese medicine to select disciples. Eventually, a new class of scholars appeared, including names such as Ted Kaptchuk, Peter Deadman, Nigel Wiseman, William Morris, Peter Eckman, John Mc Donald, charles Buck, and the late Giovanni Maciocia who looked for answers back in China, developed translation methodologies and terminology, compiled the main textbooks currently in use at TCM colleges, overcame enormous scholastic adversity, developed courses and pursued the regulation and accreditation of TCM in various countries. This special issue synopsizes the path towards the global acculturation of TCM over the last 50 years, the main protagonists, the enormous accomplishments they have achieved for the profession, their philosophy, their clinical perspectives and visions for the future.

关键词： Chinese medicine Cross-cultural integration Westward transmission james Reston Acupuncture History

Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura M. Grossner Maya B. Zepeda james W. Grice charles I. Abramson Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and memory in honey bees (Apis mellifera). The series of experiments outlined in this paper aimed to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experiments in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee performance and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experiment examined if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the amount of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a time. The second experiment explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experiments tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. These experiments contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis mellifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

In-vitro digestibility,protein digestibility corrected amino acid,and sensory properties of banana-cassava gluten-free pasta with soy protein isolate and egg white protein addition

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 520-527页

作者： Adetiya Rachman Margaret ABrennan james Morton Damir Torrico charles S.Brennan Department of Wine Food and Molecular BiosciencesLincoln UniversityChristchurch 7647New Zealand Riddet Research Institute Palmerston North 4442New Zealand Indonesia Institute for Agricultural Research and Development Jakarta 12540Indonesia

Soy protein isolate and egg white protein were added to cassava-banana gluten-free pasta and the effects on the nutritional quality,digestibility properties,protein digestibility corrected amino acid(PDCAA),and sensory acceptance of the pasta was ***-cassava composite flour(75:25)was blended with soy protein isolate or egg white protein at the following rates:0,5,10,and 15 g/100 g *** pasta samples were analysed for total phenolic content(TPC),antioxidant activity,amino acid profiles,protein content,starch digestibility,protein digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score(PDCAAS).Addition of both proteins decreased starch digestibility,increased protein digestibility,improved the balance of the amino acid profile,and PDCAAS whereas only soy protein isolate enhanced the TPC and antioxidant capacity of the banana-cassava *** egg white protein-fortified banana-cassava pasta had better customer acceptance and purchase intent than soy protein isolate inclusion.

关键词： Banana flour Cassava flour Gluten-free pasta Digestibility properties Amino acid Sensory evaluation

Review of Mercury's dynamic magnetosphere:Post-MESSENGER era and comparative magnetospheres

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第1期65卷 25-74页

作者： Weijie SUN Ryan MDEWEY Sae AIZAWA Jia HUANG james A.SLAVIN Suiyan FU Yong WEI charles F.BOWERS Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMl 48109USA Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie CNRS-UPS-CNESToulouse 31400France Department of Geophysics Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai 980-8578Japan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100864China

This review paper summarizes the research of Mercury’s magnetosphere in the Post-MESSENGER era and compares its dynamics to those in other planetary magnetospheres,especially to those in Earth’s *** review starts by introducing the planet Mercury,including its interplanetary environment,magnetosphere,exosphere,and conducting *** frequent and intense magnetic reconnection on the dayside magnetopause,which is represented by the flux transfer event"shower",is reviewed on how they depend on magnetosheath plasma β and magnetic shear angle across the magnetopause,followed by how it contributes to the flux circulation and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere *** the next,Mercury’s magnetosphere under extreme solar events,including the core induction and the reconnection erosion on the dayside magnetosphere,as well as the responses of the nightside magnetosphere,are ***,the dawn-dusk properties of the plasma sheet,including the features of the ions,the structure of the current sheet,and the dynamics of magnetic reconnection,are *** last topic is devoted to the particle energization in Mercury’s magnetosphere,which includes the energization of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves on the magnetopause boundaries,reconnection-generated magnetic structures,and the cross-tail electric *** each chapter,the last section discusses the open questions related to each topic,which can be considered by the simulations and the future spacecraft *** end this paper by summarizing the future Bepi Colombo opportunities,which is a joint mission of ESA and JAXA and is en route to Mercury.

关键词： Mercury’s magnetosphere Flux transfer event shower Extreme solar events Core induction Reconnection erosion Dawn-dusk asymmetry Substorm current wedge Particle energization Kelvin-Helmholtz wave

Effects of biochar on soil water retention curves of compacted clay during wetting and drying

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1117-1130页

作者： james Tsz Fung Wong Ka Lai Chow Xun Wen Chen charles Wang Wai Ng Ming Hung Wong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongSARChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongSARChina Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongSARChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Compacted clay possesses a low water permeability and has been widely used in geo-environmental facilities such as landfill cover *** studies revealed the potential applications of compacted biochar-amended clay(BAC)as an alternative landfill cover ***,the effects of biochar on the soil water retention curves(SWRCs)of clay at low suction are not *** study can help fill this knowledge gap by measuring the wetting and drying SWRCs of clay and BAC(20%biochar).Soils were compacted in instrumented soil columns and subjected to a wetting and drying cycle,and soil water content and suction were measured along with the soil *** was saturated faster when compared with *** drying,the soil water content of clay at 65 mm depth dropped to almost zero,while about 5%of water was retained in *** showed that biochar increased the soil water retention capacity of compacted clay upon *** showed that biochar-clay composite possesses a higher soil water retention capacity at a low soil suction range(<1000 kPa)compared with clay *** revealed the benefits of using compacted biochar-clay composite as a hydraulic barrier to minimize desiccation-induced cracks and potentially promote its serviceability,especially in arid and semi-arid *** composite is also a carbon sink material that can reduce landfill gas emissions and pollutant leaching.

关键词： Soil amendment Biochar-clay composite Soil carbon Soil suction Soil depth

Stable reinforcement learning with recurrent neural networks

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 410-420页

作者： james Nate KNIGHT charles ANDERSON Department of Computer Science Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523U.S.A

In this paper,we present a technique for ensuring the stability of a large class of adaptively controlled *** combine IQC models of both the controlled system and the controller with a method of filtering control parameter updates to ensure stable behavior of the controlled system under adaptation of the *** present a specific application to a system that uses recurrent neural networks adapted via reinforcement learning *** work presented extends earlier works on stable reinforcement learning with neural ***,we apply an improved IQC analysis for RNNs with time-varying weights and evaluate the approach on more complex control system.

关键词： Stability analysis Integral quadratic constraint Recurrent neural network Reinforcement learning Linear matrix inequality

ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING WITH DMSO-MEDIATED OPTICAL CLEARING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 153-158页

作者： SANJEEV KARMA james HOMAN charles STOIANOVICI BERNARD CHOI Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Chemistry University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Beckman Laser Institute University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA

Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering *** from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as an agent with optical clearing *** address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence *** employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence *** in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface *** topical DMSO application,a marked increase in fluorescence emission was *** 30 min,the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9×greater than the contralateral saline-treated *** ratio increased to 13×at 105 min after agent *** summary,DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo *** on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO,we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent,can be performed safely,although further study is warranted.

关键词： Glycerol spectroscopy fluorescein toxicity

STUDY OF CRYSTAL GROWTH AND SOLUTE PRECIPITATION THROUGH FRONT TRACKING METHOD

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2010年第2期30卷 377-390页

作者： Xiaolin Li james Glimmi Xiangmin Jiao charles Peyser Yanhong Zhao Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA Computational Science Center Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11793 USA North Shore Hebrew Academy High School Great Neck NY 11020 USA

Crystal growth and solute precipitation is a Stefan problem. It is a free boundary problem for a parabolic partial differential equation with a time-dependent phase interface. The velocity of the moving interface between solute and crystal is a local function. The dendritic structure of the crystal interface, which develops dynamically, requires high resolution of the interface geometry. These facts make the Lagrangian front tracking method well suited for the problem. In this paper, we introduce an upgraded version of the front tracking code and its associated algorithms for the numerical study of crystal formation. We compare our results with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method （SPH） in terms of the crystal fractal dimension with its dependence on the Damkohler number and density ratio.

关键词： front tracking crystal formation fractal dimension