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Challenges in the microbiological food safety of fresh produce:Limitations of post-harvest wa.h.ng and the need for alternative interventions

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 289-301页

作者： Kayla murray Fan Wu John Shi Sophia Jun Xue Keith Warriner Department of Food Science University of Guelph Guelph Food Research Center Agriculture and Agri-food CanadaGuelphOntorioCanada

Fresh produce(processed fruit and vegetables)continues to be the main source of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating pa.h.gens such as Escherichia coli O157:h7,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and human parasites(*** A,Cyclospora).Previously,outbreaks were primarily limited to leafy greens,tomatoes,and cantaloupes,but more recently there has been a trend of more diverse produce types(*** and papayas)being *** on-farm good agriculture practices(GAP)contribute to preventing pa.h.gens entering the fresh produce chain,it cannot be relied upon completely due to the open nature of *** a consequence,there is an identified need for interventions that can remove field-acquired contamination,especially given fresh produce is eaten *** the following review,an overview of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to contaminated fresh produce will be described along with potential sources of ***-harvest wa.h.ng that was once considered decontamination is now viewed as a.h.gh-risk cross-contamination *** challenges in monitoring the post-harvest wa.h.process will be discussed along with processing factors that need to be considered.A range of alternative,or supplemental,non-aqueous interventions will be described including irradiation,ultraviolet light,high hydrostatic pressure,gas phase(ozone and chlorine dioxide),and hydroxyl radicals generated through advanced oxidative process or gas *** have been proved to be effective at pa.h.gen control on the laboratory scale and are poised to enter commercial *** current status of these alternative interventions along with challenges of integrating into commercial practice will be described.

关键词： Fresh produce Escherichia coli O157:h7 Salmonella Listeria Iirradiation Ozone Chlorine dioxide Advanced oxidative process Post-harvest Wa.h.ng Leafy greens Fruit Vegetable

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Ever-increasing diversity of drug-induced pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2902-2915页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ryan B Perumpail Tej I Mehta Rutwik Patel james h Tabibian Department of Medicine Hackensack University-Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Interventional Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21205United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342 and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

With over 100000 hospital admissions per annum,acute pancreatitis remains the leading gastrointestinal cause of hospitalization in the United States and has farrea.h.ng impact well *** has become increasingly recognized that druginduced pancreatitis(DIP),despite accounting for less than 3%of all cases,represents an important and growing though often inconspicuous cause of acute ***,knowledge of DIP is often curtailed by the limited availability of evidence needed to implicate given agents,especially for nonprescription ***,the majority of available data is derived from case reports,case series,or case control ***,the mechanism of injury and causality for many of these drugs remain elusive as a definitive correlation is generally not established(have been proposed,but no single system has been widely adopted,and periodic updates are required in light of ongoing pharmacologic ***,infrequently prescribed medications or those available over-thecounter(including herbal and other alternative remedies)are often overlooked as a potential culprit of acute ***,we review the ever-increasing diversity of DIP and the potential mechanisms of injury with the goal of raising awareness regarding the nature and magnitude of this *** believe this manuscript will aid in increasing both primary and secondary prevention of DIP,thus ultimately facilitating more expedient diagnosis and a decrease in DIPrelated morbidity.

关键词： Drug-induced pancreatitis Acute pancreatitis Pharmacology Mechanism of action Inflammation Etiology

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Black,pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 249-257页

作者： Priscila L.S.Alves Jose De J Berrios james Pan Wallace h.Yokoyama Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureHealthy Processed Foods ResearchWestern Regional Research Center800 Buchanan St.AlbanyCA 94710USA

hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black,pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 *** efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heatlabile antinutrients were also *** fed a.h.gh fat diet containing 40%extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet(based on AIN-93G).Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour-based diets tended to be lower,ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dL,compared to 365 mg/dL for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33%lower,respectively,in the livers(freeze-dried)of hamsters fed the black turtle bean(BB)and pinto bean(PB)*** nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean(WB)diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(LCA)was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.

关键词： Beans Extrusion Anti-obesity Bile acid Mice

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氧同位素可作高岭土成因的指示剂

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宝石和宝石学杂志(中英文) 1987年第2期 56-62页

作者： haydn.h.murray Janelle Janssen 易发成

δ18O值可反映高岭土形成的地质条件.对取自热液型、残积型及沉积型高岭土样所做的δ18O值测定表明:热液成因的高岭土δ18O值很低;沉积成因的高岭土δ18O值最高;而风化残积高岭土δ18O值介于前二者之间,当然,风化残积高岭土δ18O值与沉... 详细信息

δ18O值可反映高岭土形成的地质条件.对取自热液型、残积型及沉积型高岭土样所做的δ18O值测定表明:热液成因的高岭土δ18O值很低;沉积成因的高岭土δ18O值最高;而风化残积高岭土δ18O值介于前二者之间,当然,风化残积高岭土δ18O值与沉积高岭土δ18O值都有部分重叠.产于佐治亚高岭土矿床中大片蠕虫状高岭石相对其矿床中细粒高岭石片其δ18O值很低.这表明大片高岭石是长石颗粒在沉积后蚀变而成的,新鲜长石及片状高岭石的δ18O值也证实了这一推论.

关键词：高岭土矿床第三纪大片细粒同位素组成大气降水粘土矿物地球大气粘粒矿物硅酸盐矿物风化残积高岭石族

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Vascular endothelial growth factor for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis: An experimental study in canines

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第9期9卷 120-129页

作者： Zoe h Dailiana Nikolaos Stefanou Lubna Khaldi Georgios Dimakopoulos james R Bowers Cristian Fink james R Urbaniak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Thessalia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University Medical Center Department of Pa.h.logy "Saint Savvas" AntiCancer Hospital Medical Statistics Epirus Science and Technology Park Campus of the University of Ioannina Emerge Ortho Independence Park Gelenkpunkt Sports and Joint Surgery Research Unit of Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention Institute for Sports Medicine Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism (ISAG)UMIT

AIM To evaluate the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFh) with the use of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).METhODS In 30 mature beagles(6 groups of 5 beagles) ONFh was induced cryosurgically and one of the following solutions was administered locally in the femoral head(Fh) in ea.h.group: Single injection of 500 μg VEGF(t-VEGFμ group); single injection of 500 ng VEGF(t-VEGFn group); continuous delivery of 500 μg VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-μ group); continuous delivery of 500 ng VEGF through osmotic micropump(t-VEGFpump-n group); single injection of 0.9% sodium chloride(t-NS group), while one group that served as control group did not receive any local solution(No-t group). Fhs were retrieved 12 wk postoperatively, underwent decalcification and hematoxylin/eosin and toluidine blue staining. In two canines per group, one half of Fh was processed without decalcification and stained with modified Masson Trichrome. histological sections were observed by light microscopy and measured with a semi-automatized bone histomorphometry system and Bone Volume/Total Volume(BV/TV), Marrow Volume/Total Volume(MaV/TV), and Trabecular Thickness(TbT h) were assessed. Standard and robust tests(Welch, Brown Forsythe) of analysis of variance along with multiple comparisons, were carried out among the *** The untreated(No-t) group had signs of osteonecrosis, whereas the VEGF groups revealed reversal of the osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis of the decalcified specimens revealed a significantly better BV/TV ratio and a.h.gher Tb Th between the VEGF treatment groups(except the t-VEGFn group) and the No-t group or the control t-NS group. Single dose 500 μg VEGF group had significantly better BV/TV ratio and higher Tb Th when compared to the No-t group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 29.50 ± 12.27, P = 0.002 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs 107.77 ± 35.15, P = 0.161 respectively) and the control t-NS group(50.45 ± 6.18 vs 30.9 ± 6.67, P = 0.004 and 151.44 ± 19.07 vs

关键词： Osteonecrosis Vascular endothelial growth factor Avascular necrosis Femoral head Osteogenesis Animal model

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极性接枝对聚乙烯棚膜的电晕及涂覆性能影响

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高分子材料科学与工程 2023年第2期39卷 89-98页

作者：田雨川周炳朱美芳王洪学中石化(上海)石油化工研究院有限公司上海201208 东华大学材料科学与工程学院上海200051

传统聚烯烃棚膜在生产中电晕处理往往需要消耗大量电能,且表面极性功能持效期较短,不利于可持续发展。为解决以上问题,文中采用反应挤出技术路线,将2种不同的极性单体——马来酸二丁酯(DBM)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(hEMA),接枝于茂金属线型... 详细信息

传统聚烯烃棚膜在生产中电晕处理往往需要消耗大量电能,且表面极性功能持效期较短,不利于可持续发展。为解决以上问题,文中采用反应挤出技术路线,将2种不同的极性单体——马来酸二丁酯(DBM)和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(hEMA),接枝于茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)上,吹膜得到接枝改性聚乙烯膜,并通过电晕与涂覆纳米涂层进一步增强其表面极性,使其达到超亲水状态。通过不同的表征手段系统研究了电晕强度、单体种类及含量对接枝改性膜表面极性的影响,以及它们与纳米涂覆液之间的相互作用。由衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱分析得知,电晕后薄膜表面产生了C=O,C—O极性基团,并且发生了碳链断裂;通过接触角测试证实,相比于未改性聚烯烃膜,接枝后改性聚烯烃膜的表面极性显著提高,达到相同接触角所需的电晕能耗大大降低;通过扫描电镜对纳米涂液涂覆后的改性聚烯烃膜表面形貌研究发现,极性单体DBM的接枝能够增强膜表面与超亲水纳米涂覆液之间的相互作用,从而大幅减少干燥过程中产生的涂层裂痕;最后,氙灯加速老化试验证实,接枝的DBM单体可以有效延缓涂覆膜的表面极性老化失效过程,延长改性涂覆膜的持效期。论文展示了接枝改性可提升高性能聚烯烃(hPO)棚膜的涂覆效果与功能持效期,有助于延长棚膜的使用寿命。

关键词：反应挤出接枝改性聚烯烃电晕纳米涂覆茂金属聚乙烯紫外加速老化

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Dose estimation and shielding calculation for X-ray hazard at high intensity laser facilities

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第12期38卷 82-87页

作者：邱睿张辉杨博 james C.Liu Sayed h.Rokni Michael B.Woods 李君利 Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of high Energy Radiation Imaging Fundamental Science Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging of Ministry of Education SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: 2575 Sand hill Road Menlo Park CA 94025 USA

An ionizing radiation hazard produced from the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets has been observed. Laser-plasma interactions create “hot” electrons, which generate bremsstrahlung X-rays when they interact with ions in the target. however, up to now only limited studies have been conducted on this laser-induced radiological protection issue. In this paper, the physical process and characteristics of the interaction between high intensity lasers and solid targets are analyzed. The parameters of the radiation sources are discussed,including the energy conversion efficiency from laser to hot electrons, hot electron energy spectrum and electron temperature, and the bremsstrahlung X-ray energy spectrum produced by hot electrons. Based on this information,the X-ray dose generated with high-Z targets for laser intensities between 10^14 and 10^20W/cm^2 is estimated. The shielding effects of common shielding items such as the glass view port, aluminum chamber wall and concrete wall are also studied using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. This study provides a reference for the dose estimation and the shielding design of high intensity laser facilities.

关键词： X-ray high intensity laser dose shielding Monte Carlo

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Signal Processing First

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丛书名：国外高校电子信息类优秀教

2003年

作者： james h. McClellan Ronald W. Schafer Mark A. Yoder

本书内容包括:正弦曲线、频谱表示、取样和混叠等。

ISBN: (纸本)0130909998;9780130909992

本书内容包括:正弦曲线、频谱表示、取样和混叠等。

关键词： Multimedia systems.

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Geoepidemiologic variation in outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of hepatology 2020年第4期12卷 116-124页

作者： Tej I Mehta Simcha Weissman Brian M Fung james h Tabibian Department of Medicine University of South Dakota Sanford School of MedicineSioux FallsSD 57108United States Department of Medicine Hackensack University-Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine Olive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342United States Department of Medicine UCLA-Olive View Medical CenterSylmarCA 91342and Health Sciences Clinical Associate ProfessorDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic,progressive,hepatobiliary disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intra-and extra.h.patic bile *** natural history is one that generally progresses towards cirrhosis,liver failure,cholangiocarcinoma,and ultimately disease-related dea.h.with a median liver transplantation-free survival time of approximately 15-20 ***,despite its lethal nature,PSC remains a.h.terogenous disease with significant variability in outcomes amongst different regions of the *** are also many regions where the outcomes of PSC have not been studied,limiting the overall understanding of this disease *** this review,we present the geoepidemiologic variations in outcomes of PSC,with a focus on survival pre-and post-liver transplantation as well as the concurrence of inflammatory bowel disease and hepatobiliary neoplasia.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Inflammatory bowel disease Liver transplantation Geogra.h. Biliary tract Autoimmune

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Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance Li–S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james E.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. Lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a.h.gh crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h L-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(Li2S)upon lithiation. however, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet rea.h.commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(Li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, gra.h.ne nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： Nanotechnology Lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials Nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

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