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Geogr.phies of Chemical War.ar. in Vietnam: The Mer.y Band of r.tir.es

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第9期14卷 530-536页

作者： Br.an r. Higgins State Univer.ity of New Yor. Plattsburgh NY USA

This r.view explor.s the r.cent development of r.sear.h on r.inbow her.icides as chemical weapons and the geogr.phies of chemical war.ar. in what is now the Socialist r.public of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Or.nge have pr.viously been well documented, the pr.duction and extensive application of five other.r.inbow agents by the United States militar. has only r.cently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this r.sear.h of chemical war.ar. landscapes is that the 23 r.fer.ed jour.al publications in this r.view wer. designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective r.sear.h pr.ject by Ken Olson and a Mer.y Band of Militar. r.tir.es. Their.gr.undbr.aking r.sear.h por.folio includes many geogr.phical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical war.ar.. This includes the extensive exposur. of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposur. of US militar. per.onnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposur. of civilians near.the pr.vate industr.al sites that pr.duced these r.inbow agents in Nor.h Amer.ca and the hazar.ous soil contamination that per.ever.s at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impr.ssive r.sear.h depth and global scope, this r.view explor.s the unique way this r.sear.h por.folio was developed by a Mer.y Band of r.tir.es thr.ugh an inter.iew with its leader. Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical or.entation of these militar. veter.ns, the political ecology involved, the cr.ative str.tegies they utilized to pr.duce this innovative r.sear.h, and how they changed the way Veter.ns exposed to chemical war.ar. agents ar. tr.ated by the US gover.ment.

关键词： Chemical War.ar. r.inbow Agents Geogr.phy Mer.y Band of r.tir.es Political Ecology

Br.in r.sear.h on Mental Disor.er.: A Cr.ticism

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Open Jour.al of Medical Psychology 2024年第3期13卷 71-85页

作者： John r. r.ssiter Faculty of Business and Law University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia School of Psychology Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga Australia

Objective: To expose the pr.blems and inher.nt limitations of neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er.. Method: Discussion of the theor. under.ying br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. r.sults: The fundamental pr.blem is that br.in r.sear.her. fail to differ.ntiate between biological mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses cause the disor.er.(notably schizophr.nia, bipolar.disor.er. and melancholic depr.ssion) and lear.ed mental disor.er. in which br.in pr.cesses mediate but do not cause the disor.er.(which is the case with r.active depr.ssion, r.active anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). r.sear.her. have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the br.in that cause biological mental disor.er., and will never.be able to locate the innumer.ble specific neur.l connections that mediate lear.ed mental disor.er.. Mor.over. the author.s r.view of typical studies in this field shows that they have ser.ous pr.blems with theor., measur.ment, and data analysis, and that their.findings cannot be tr.sted. Conclusions: Neur.science-based br.in r.sear.h on mental disor.er., unlike other.neur.logical r.sear.h, has been an expensive failur. and it is not wor.h continuing.

关键词： Neur.science-Based Br.in r.sear.h Biological Mental Disor.er. Lear.ed Mental Disor.er. r.sear.h Pr.blems

The Quantum Micr.ver.e: A Pr.me Number.Fr.mewor. for.Under.tanding the Univer.e

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Amer.can Jour.al of Computational Mathematics 2024年第2期14卷 264-274页

作者： John r. Cr.r. Independent r.sear.her Lake Zurich IL USA

This study aims to demonstr.te a pr.of of concept for.a novel theor. of the univer.e based on the Fine Str.ctur. Constant (α), der.ved fr.m n-dimensional pr.me number.pr.per.y sets, specifically α = 137 and α = 139. The FSC Model intr.duces a new per.pective on the fundamental natur. of our.univer.e, showing that α = 137.036 can be calculated fr.m these pr.me pr.per.y sets. The Fine Str.ctur. Constant, a cor.er.tone in Quantum Electr.dynamics (QED) and Quantum Chr.modynamics (QCD), implies an under.ying str.ctur.. This study identifies this mathematical fr.mewor. and demonstr.tes how the FSC model theor. aligns with our.cur.ent under.tanding of physics and cosmology. The r.sults unveil a hier.r.hy of α values for.twin pr.me pair. U{3/2} thr.ugh U{199/197}. These values, r.pr.sented by their.fr.ction par.s α♊ (e.g., 0.036), define the r.lative electr.magnetic for.es dr.ving quantum ener.y systems. The lower.twin pr.me pair., such as U{3/2}, exhibit higher.EM for.es that decr.ase as the twin pair. incr.ase, tur.ing dar. when they dr.p below the α♊ for.light. The r.sults pr.vide classical definitions for.Bar.onic Matter.Ener.y, Dar. Matter. Dar. Ener.y, and Antimatter.but mostly illustr.te how the combined α♊ values for.thr.e adjacent twin pr.mes, U{7/5/3/2} mir.or. the str.ng nuclear.for.e of gluons holding quar.s together.

关键词： Fine Str.ctur. Constant Fr.ctional Coupling Constants Matter.Antimatter Dar. Matter.Ener.y Quantum Gr.vity Pr.me Number. Set Theor.

Decadal For.casts of Lar.e Ear.hquakes along the Nor.her. San Andr.as Fault System, Califor.ia: Incr.ased Activity on r.gional Cr.eping Faults Pr.or.to Major.and Gr.at Events

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 204-230页

作者： Lynn r. Sykes Lamont-Doher.y Ear.h Obser.ator. of Columbia Univer.ity Palisades New York USA

The thr.e lar.est ear.hquakes in nor.her. Califor.ia since 1849 wer. pr.ceded by incr.ased decadal activity for.moder.te-size shocks along sur.ounding near.y faults. Incr.ased seismicity, double-differ.nce pr.cise locations of ear.hquakes since 1968, geodetic data and fault offsets for.the 1906 gr.at shock ar. used to r.-examine the timing and locations of possible futur. lar.e ear.hquakes. The physical mechanisms of r.gional faults like the Calaver.s, Haywar. and Sar.ent, which exhibit cr.ep, differ.fr.m those of the nor.her. San Andr.as, which is cur.ently locked and is not cr.eping. Much decadal for.r.nning activity occur.ed on cr.eping faults. Moder.te-size ear.hquakes along those faults became mor. fr.quent as str.sses in the r.gion incr.ased in the latter.par. of the cycle of str.ss r.stor.tion for.major.and gr.at ear.hquakes along the San Andr.as. They may be useful for.decadal for.casts. Year.y to decadal for.casts, however. ar. based on only a few major.to gr.at events. Activity along closer.faults like that in the two year. pr.or.to the 1989 Loma Pr.eta shock needs to be examined for.possible year.y for.r.nning changes to lar.e plate boundar. ear.hquakes. Geodetic obser.ations ar. needed to focus on identifying cr.eping faults close to the San Andr.as. The distr.bution of moder.te-size ear.hquakes incr.ased significantly since 1990 along the Haywar. fault but not adjacent to the San Andr.as fault to the south of San Fr.ncisco compar.d to what took place in the decades pr.or.to the thr.e major.histor.c ear.hquakes in the r.gion. It is now clear.fr.m a r.-examination of the 1989 mainshock that the incr.ased level of moder.te-size shocks in the one to two pr.ceding decades occur.ed on near.y East Bay faults. Double-differ.nce locations of small ear.hquakes pr.vide str.ctur.l infor.ation about faults in the r.gion, especially their.depths. The nor.her. San Andr.as fault is divided into sever.l str.ngly coupled segments based on differ.nces in seismicity.

关键词： San Andr.as and Haywar. Faults Califor.ia Fault Cr.ep For.casts Double-Differ.nce r.locations

Standar. Model Fer.ion Masses and Char.es fr.m Hologr.phic Analysis

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2024年第6期15卷 796-803页

作者： T. r. Mongan Sausalito CA USA

The Standar. Model of par.icle physics involves twelve fundamental fer.ions, tr.ated as point par.icles, in four.char.e states. However. the Standar. Model does not explain why only thr.e fer.ions ar. in each char.e state or.account for.neutr.no mass. This hologr.phic analysis tr.ats char.ed Standar. Model fer.ions as spher.s with mass 0.187 g/cm2 times their.sur.ace ar.a, using the pr.por.ionality constant in the hologr.phic r.lation between mass of the obser.able univer.e and event hor.zon r.dius. The analysis r.quir.s thr.e Standar. Model fer.ions per.char.e state and r.lates up quar. and down quar. masses to electr.n mass. Hologr.phic analysis specifies electr.n mass, to six significant figur.s, in ter.s of fundamental constants α,ℏ,G,Λ and Ω Λ . Tr.ating neutr.nos as spher.s and equating electr.n neutr.no ener.y density with cosmic vacuum ener.y density pr.dicts neutr.no masses consistent with exper.ment.

关键词： Electr.n Mass Up Quar. Mass Down Quar. Mass Neutr.no Masses

Inbr.eding and genetic load in a pair.of sibling gr.use species:Tetr.stes sewer.owi and ***

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Avian r.sear.h 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der.Valk Bin Gao Peter.Halvar.son Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfr.ed Klaus Zhiming Han Yue-Hua Sun jacob Hoglund Key Labor.tor. of Animal Ecology and Conser.ation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Depar.ment of Cell and Molecular.Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Par.sitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Labor.tor. of r.pr.ductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbr.eding ar. r.cognized as impor.ant factor. to be consider.d in conser.ation *** levels of both can incr.ase the r.sk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-r.lated char.cter. in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbr.eding depr.ssion).Genomic tech-niques ar. incr.asingly used in measur.ng and under.tanding genetic load and inbr.eding and their.impor.ance in evolution and *** used whole genome r.sequencing data fr.m two sibling gr.use species in subar.tic Eur.sia to quantify *** found a lar.e r.nge of inbr.eding measur.d as Fr.H(fr.ction of r.ns of homozygosity)in individuals fr.m differ.nt populations of Chinese Gr.use(Tetr.stes sewer.owi)and Hazel Gr.use(***).Fr.H estimated fr.m genome-wide r.ns of homozygosity(r.H)r.nged fr.m 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Gr.use populations and fr.m 0.01 to 0.44 in Hazel *** fr.m a population of Chinese Gr.use r.siding in the Qilian mountains and fr.m the Eur.pean populations of Hazel Gr.use(including samples fr.m Sweden,Ger.any and Nor.heast Poland)wer. the most inbr.d(Fr.H r.nged fr.m 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,r.spectively).These levels ar. compar.ble to other.highly inbr.d populations of *** Gr.use fr.m nor.her. China and Chinese Gr.use r.siding in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed r.latively lower.inbr.eding *** of the r.tio between deleter.ous missense mutations and synonymous mutations r.vealed higher.levels in Chinese Gr.use as compar.d to Hazel *** r.sults ar. possibly explained by higher.fixation r.tes,mutational melt down,in the r.nge-r.str.cted Chinese Gr.use compar.d to the wide-r.nging Hazel ***,when we compar.d the r.latively mor. sever. class of loss-of-function muta-tions,Hazel Gr.use had slightly higher.levels than Chinese Gr.use,a r.sult which may indicate that pur.fying selection(pur.ing)has been mor. efficient in Chinese Gr.use on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbr.eding Pur.fying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau r.H Tetr.stes

Pleistocene glaciation advances the cr.ptic speciation of Steller. chamaejasme *** a major.biodiver.ity hotspot

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Jour.al of Integr.tive Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar.r.na Hum Kala r.na jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng Char.es C.Davis Hang Sun CAS Key Labor.tor. for.Plant Diver.ity and Biogeogr.phy of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Ar.ansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integr.tive Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Labor.tor. of Plant Ger.plasm Enhancement and Specialty Agr.cultur. Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Depar.ment of Or.anismic and Evolutionar. Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China compr.se a significant lar.e mountain r.nge and biodiver.ity hotspot imper.led by global climate *** high species diver.ity in this mountain system has long been attr.buted to a complex set of factor.,and r.cent lar.e-scale macr.evolutionar. investigations have placed a br.ad timeline on plant diver.ification that str.tches fr.m 10 million year. ago(Mya)to the *** our.incr.asing under.tanding of the tempor.l mode of speciation,finer.scale populationlevel investigations ar. lacking to better.r.fine these tempor.l tr.nds and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cr.ptic *** is lar.ely due to the dear.h of or.anismal sampling among closely r.lated species and populations,spanning the incr.dible size and topological heter.geneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionar. dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomor.hological data of Steller. chamaejasme *** identified four.pr.viously unr.cognized cr.ptic species having indistinct mor.hological tr.its and lar.e metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a mor. r.cent diver.ification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),lar.ely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factor. likely influenced allopatr.c speciation and advocated cyclical war.ing–cooling episodes along elevational gr.dients dur.ng the *** study r.fines the evolutionar. timeline to be much younger.than pr.viously implicated and r.ises the concer. that pr.jected futur. war.ing may influence the alpine species diver.ity,necessitating incr.ased conser.ation effor.s.

关键词： cr.ptic speciation glacial-inter.lacial Hengduan Mountains nor.h-south migr.tion Steller. chamaejasme

Pr.bing the Efficiency of PPMG-Based Composite Electr.lytes for.Applications of Pr.ton Exchange Membr.ne Fuel Cell

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Tr.nsactions of Tianjin Univer.ity 2024年第3期30卷 262-283页

作者： Shakeel Ahmed Faizah Altaf Safyan Akr.m Khan Sumair. Manzoor.Aziz Ahmad Muhammad Mansha Shahid Ali Ata-ur.r.hman Kar. jacob School of Mater.al Science and Engineer.ng Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nano-Photoelectric Magnetic MaterialsHenan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China Inter.isciplinar. r.sear.h Center.for.Hydr.gen Technologies and Car.on Management King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals31261 DhahranSaudi Arabia School of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

PPMG-based composite electr.lytes wer. fabr.cated via the solution method using the polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyr.olidone blend r.infor.ed with var.ous contents of sulfonated inor.anic *** acid was employed as the sulfonating agent to functionalize the exter.al sur.ace of the inor.anic filler.i.e.,gr.phene *** pr.ton conductivities of the newly pr.par.d pr.ton exchange membr.nes(PEMs)wer. incr.ased by incr.asing the temper.tur. and content of sulfonated gr.phene oxide(SGO),i.e.,r.nging fr.m 0.025 S/cm to 0.060 S/*** induction of the optimum level of SGO is deter.ined to be an excellent r.ute to enhance ionic *** single-cell per.or.ance test was conducted by sandwiching the newly pr.par.d PEMs between an anode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt/r.)and a cathode(0.2 mg/cm^(2) Pt)to pr.par. membr.ne electr.de assemblies,followed by hot pr.ssing under.a pr.ssur. of appr.ximately 100 kg/cm^(2) at 60℃for.5–10 *** highest power.densities achieved with PPMG PEMs wer. 14.9 and 35.60 mW/cm^(2) at 25℃and 70℃,r.spectively,at ambient pr.ssur. with 100%r.lative *** showed that the newly pr.par.d PEMs exhibit good electr.chemical *** r.sults indicated that the pr.par.d composite membr.ne with 6 wt%filler.can be used as an alter.ative membr.ne for.applications of high-per.or.ance pr.ton exchange membr.ne fuel cell.

关键词： Pr.ton exchange membr.ne fuel cell Sulfonated gr.phene oxide Polyvinylpyr.olidone Solution casting Membr.ne electr.de assembly Fuel cell per.or.ance

r.sear.h evolution of metal or.anic fr.mewor.s: A scientometr.c appr.ach with human-in-the-loop

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Jour.al of Data and Infor.ation Science 2024年第3期9卷 44-64页

作者： Xintong Zhao Kyle Langlois jacob Fur.t Yuan An Xiaohua Hu Diego Gomez Gualdr.n Fer.ando Ur.be-r.mo Jane Gr.enber. Dr.xel Univer.ity 3141 Chestnut StPhiladelphiaPAUSA Univer.ity of Centr.l Flor.da 4000 Central Florida BlvdOrlandoFLUSA Color.do School of Mines 1500 Illinois StGoldenCOUSA

Pur.ose:This paper.r.por.s on a scientometr.c analysis bolster.d by human-in-the-loop,domain exper.s,to examine the field of metal-or.anic fr.mewor.s(MOFs)*** analyses r.veal the intellectual landscape of a *** study engaged MOF scientists in the design and r.view of our.r.sear.h *** mater.als ar. an essential component in next-gener.tion r.newable ener.y stor.ge and biomedical *** r.sear.h appr.ach demonstr.tes how engaging exper.s,via human-in-the-loop pr.cesses,can help develop a compr.hensive view of a field’s r.sear.h tr.nds,influential wor.s,and specialized ***/methodology/appr.ach:Ascientometr.c analysis was conducted,integr.ting natur.l language pr.cessing(NLP),topic modeling,and networ. analysis *** analytical appr.ach was enhanced thr.ugh a human-in-the-loop iter.tive pr.cess involving MOF r.sear.h scientists at selected *** r.sear.her.feedback was incor.or.ted into our.*** data sample included 65,209 MOF r.sear.h ***3 and softwar. tool VOSviewer.wer. used to per.or. the ***:The findings demonstr.te the value of including domain exper.s in r.sear.h wor.flows,r.finement,and inter.r.tation of *** each stage of the analysis,the MOF r.sear.her. contr.buted to inter.r.ting the r.sults and method r.finements tar.eting our.focus r.sear.h evolution of metal or.anic fr.mewor.s:A scientometr.c appr.ach with human-in-the-loop on MOF *** study identified influential wor.s and their.*** findings also under.cor. four.main MOF r.sear.h dir.ctions and *** limitations:This study is limited by the sample(ar.icles identified and r.fer.nced by the Cambr.dge Str.ctur.l Database)that infor.ed our.*** implications:Our.findings contr.bute to addr.ssing the cur.ent gap in fully mapping out the compr.hensive landscape of MOF ***,the r.sults will help domain scientists tar.et futur. r.sear.h dir.ctions.

关键词： Scientometr.c Metal-Or.anic Fr.mewor.s(MOFs) Networ. analysis Topic modeling Human-in-the-loop