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Woody plant cell walls:Fundamentals and utilization

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 112-140页

作者： Wei Li Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin Ying-Lan Chen Chenguang Zhou Shuang Li Nette de Ridder dyoni M.Oliveira Lanjun Zhange Baocai Zhang jack P.Wang Changzheng Xu Xiaokang Fu Keming Luo Ai-Min Wu Taku demura Meng-Zhu Lu Yihua Zhou Laigeng Li Toshiaki Umezawa Wout Boerjan Vincent L.Chiang State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China department of Life Science National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwanChina department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent UniversityTechnologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Technologiepark 719052 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics Insttute of Genetics and developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Forest Biotechnology Group Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Integrative Science Center of Germplasm CreationSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative developmentand Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm College of Forestry and Landscape ArchitecturesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Center for digital Green-innovation Nara Institute of Science and TechnologykomaNara 630-0192Japan State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Siviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences300 Fenglin RoadShanghai 200032China Laboratoryof MetabolicScienceofForest Plants and Microorganisms Rsearch Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUjiKyoto 611-0011 Japan

Cell walls in plants,particularly forest trees,are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial *** and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on,focusing mostly on herbaceous model *** developments in genomics,transcriptomics,epigenomics,transgenesis,and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell ***,we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree *** highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic *** outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.

关键词： regulation of cell wall formation biosynthesis of cell wall components lignin cellulose hemicellulose cell wall utilization

Ketamine use disorder:preclinical,clinical,and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 61-68页

作者： Leah Vines diana Sotelo Allison Johnson Evan dennis Peter Manza Nora d.Volkow Gene-jack Wang Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of Health10 Center DrRm B2L124BethesdaMarylandUnited States

Ketamine,a noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate(NMdA)receptor antagonist,has been exclusively used as an anesthetic in medicine and has led to new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric *** studies have shown that low subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce antidepressant effects for individuals with ***,its use as a treatment for psychiatric disorders has been limited due to its reinforcing effects and high potential for diversion and *** studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant effects,but a precise mechanism had yet to be *** we review different hypotheses for ketamine’s mechanism of action including the direct inhibition and disinhibition of NMdA receptors,aminomethylphosphonic acid receptors(AMPAR)activation,and heightened activation of monoaminergic *** proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive,and their combined influence may exert the observed structural and functional neural *** term use of ketamine induces brain structural,functional impairments,and neurodevelopmental effects in both rodents and *** misuse has increased rapidly in the past 20 years and is one of the most common addictive drugs used in *** proposed mechanisms of action and supporting neuroimaging data allow for the development of tools to identify‘biotypes’of ketamine use disorder(KUd)using machine learning approaches,which could inform intervention and treatment.

关键词： Ketamine Neuroimaging N-methyl-d-aspartate dopamine Serotonin Glutamatergic Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Effects of medium chain triglycerides on hepatic fatty acid oxidation in clofibrate-fed newborn piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 334-344页

作者： Jinan Zhao Brandon Pike Jin Huang Zhihua Feng jack Odle Xi Lin Laboratory of developmental Nutrition Department of Animal SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Zinpro Corporation Eden PrairieMN 55344USA College of Biological Engineering Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450001China College of Animal Science and Technology Agricultural University of HebeiBaoding071001China

To investigate whether increasing tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle activity and ketogenic capacity would augment fatty acid(FA)oxidation induced by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(PPARα)agonist clofibrate,suckling newborn piglets(n=54)were assigned to 8 groups following a 2(±clofibrate)×4(glycerol succinate[SUC],triglycerides of 2-methylpentanoic acid[T2M],valeric acid[TC5]and hexanoic acid[TC6])factorial *** group was fed an isocaloric milk formula containing either 0%or 0.35%clofibrate(wt/wt,dry matter basis)with 5%SUC,T2M,TC5 or TC6 for 5 *** 6 pigs served as newborn *** acid oxidation was examined in fresh homogenates of liver collected on d 6 using[1-^(14)C]palmitic acid(1 mM)as a substrate(0.265μCi/μmol).Measurements were performed in the absence or presence of L-carnitine(1 mM)or inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase(L659699,1.6μM)or acetoacetate-CoA deacylase(iodoacetamide,50μM).Without clofibrate stimulation,^(14)C accumulation in CO_(2) was higher from piglets fed diets containing T2M and TC5 than SUC,but similar to those fed *** clofibrate stimulation,accumulation also was higher in homogenates from piglets fed TC5 than all other dietary *** between clofibrate and carnitine or the inhibitors were observed(P=0.0004)for acid soluble products(ASP).In vitro addition of carnitine increased^(14)C-ASP(Pdless of clofibrate *** percentage of^(14)C in CO_(2) was higher(P=0.0023)in TC5 than in the control *** these results we suggest that dietary supplementation of anaplerotic and ketogenic FA could impact FA oxidation and modify the metabolism of acetyl-CoA(product ofβ-oxidation)via alteration of TCA cycle activity,but the modification has no significant impact on the hepatic FA oxidative capacity induced by PPARα.In addition,the availability of carnitine is a critical element to maintain FA oxidation during the neonatal perio

关键词： PPARα Clofibrate Newborn piglets Medium chain triglyceride(MCT) Hepatic fatty acid oxidation

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVId-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven d Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall david A dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes John N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLd),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19),while preexisting MASLd increases the risk of LI and the development of COVId-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVId-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLd and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLd were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLd pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVId-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLd *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVId-19 COVId-19-associated cholangiopathy

Effects of Porosity on Piezoelectric Characteristics of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films for Biomedical Applications

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 92-99页

作者： jack T.Kloster Matthew J.danley Victor K.Lai Ping Zhao Advanced Materials Science University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA department of Chemical Engineering University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Objective:The objective of this work is to study the effects of porosity on mechanical and piezoelectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVdF)films for biomedical *** Statement:By investigating the piezoelectric properties of PVdF and the porosity effect on its electromechanical performance,there is potential for further development of PVdF as a hemodynamic sensor that can lead to further technological advancements in the biomedical field,benefiting patients and physicians ***:PVdF thin films have shown potential in the application of hemodynamic flow sensing and monitoring the effects on blood flow caused by prosthetic valve implantation via the transcatheter aortic valve replacement *** piezoelectric performance of PVdF films can be influenced by the porosity of the ***:In this study,strain tracking was performed on thin film PVdF specimens with various levels of porosity and pore sizes to determine the mechanical properties of the *** mechanical properties were used to model the PVdF material in COMSOL multiphysics software,in which compression test simulations were performed to determine the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the ***:A decline in the elastic modulus was found to be highly inversely correlated with porosity of the specimens and the simulation results show that elastic modulus had a much greater effect on the piezoelectric properties than Poisson’s ***:A combination of experimental and computational techniques was able to characterize and correlate the mechanical properties of PVdF films of varying porosities to their piezoelectric properties.

关键词： piezoelectric porosity modulus

The Utility of the Galea in Scalp Reconstruction

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2023年第1期13卷 16-22页

作者： jack d. Sudduth John M. Sullivan Marc E. Walker division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of Surgery University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS USA

Total scalp avulsion is a time-sensitive, catastrophic injury requiring quick, complex decision-making. Traditionally, these injuries were treated with split-thickness skin grafts. With advancements in microsurgery, treatments evolved to scalp replantation, becoming the standard of care in scalp reconstruction. Although the integrity of the scalp’s blood vessels is pivotal for successful replantation, the authors believe that scalp replantation should be considered at all costs. In the presented case, a 54-year-old female presented to the emergency room following an incident with an auger that completely avulsed her scalp. She was taken back to the operating room, where scalp replantation was performed. Following replantation, scalp necrosis led to serial debridings in the operating room, and eventually, all of the scalp was debrided down to healthy tissue. Surprisingly, the galea survived despite this, which provided a healthy base for skin grafts. Before definitive coverage was placed, it was decided to utilize a bilaminar acellular dermal matrix along with negative pressure wound therapy to create a more robust bed of granulation tissue. After three weeks of this treatment plan, the patient returned to the operating room, where a healthy, viable bed of granulating tissue was revealed beneath the dermal matrix. Split-thickness skin grafts were taken from her thighs bilaterally and sewn together in a quilt-like fashion to cover the wound bed. The entirety of the graft healed without complication except for one small area that required full-thickness skin grafting in an outpatient setting. Even though the replantation ultimately failed, it allowed the galea to survive, which saved the patient from undergoing a free tissue transfer and allowed her scalp to be reconstructed with split-thickness skin grafts. Even in the setting of polytrauma, the authors hope that anyone treating a scalp avulsion would consider scalp replantation at all costs.

关键词： Scalp Reconstruction Scalp Replantation Failed Replantation Galea Polytrauma Split-Thickness Skin Grafts Bilaminar Acellular dermal Matrix

Novel Lossless Compression Method Based on the Fourier Transform to Approximate the Kolmogorov Complexity of Elementary Cellular Automata

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2022年第10期15卷 359-383页

作者： Mohammed Terry-jack department of Computer Science University of York York UK

We propose a novel, lossless compression algorithm, based on the 2d discrete Fast Fourier Transform, to approximate the Algorithmic (Kolmogorov) Complexity of Elementary Cellular Automata. Fast Fourier transforms are widely used in image compression but their lossy nature exclude them as viable candidates for Kolmogorov Complexity approximations. For the first time, we present a way to adapt fourier transforms for lossless image compression. The proposed method has a very strong Pearsons correlation to existing complexity metrics and we further establish its consistency as a complexity metric by confirming its measurements never exceed the complexity of nothingness and randomness (representing the lower and upper limits of complexity). Surprisingly, many of the other methods tested fail this simple sanity check. A final symmetry-based test also demonstrates our method’s superiority over existing lossless compression metrics. All complexity metrics tested, as well as the code used to generate and augment the original dataset, can be found in our github repository: ECA complexity metrics1.

关键词： Fast Fourier Transform Lossless Compression Elementary Cellular Automata Algorithmic Information Theory Kolmogorov Complexity

Prolonged impacts of COVId-19-associated cystitis:A study on longterm consequences

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第33期11卷 7987-7993页

作者： Sophie Wittenberg jack Vercnocke Michael Chancellor Sorabh dhar Aron Liaw Steven Lucas Nivedita dhar department of Urology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMI 48201United States department of Urology Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48067United States Infectious disease Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMI 48201United States Infectious disease John D.Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States Infectious disease Detroit Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States department of Urology John D.Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States department of Urology Detroit Medical CenterDetroitMI 48201United States

BACKGROUNd The Coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19)caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus is an international health concern with substantial morbidity and ***-associated cystitis(CAC),presents as new onset or exacerbated urinary symptoms,resembling overactive bladder(OAB)*** To examines the long-term outcomes of patients with CAC in the context of Long *** A cohort of 350 patients admitted to detroit Hospitals with COVId-19 between May and december 2020,displaying CAC symptoms following discharge,was prospectively *** urologic evaluations occurred at 10-14 wk and were repeated at 21-28 mo *** were managed conservatively,employing behavioral modifications and standard OAB *** completed surveys assessing urinary symptoms and quality of life(QoL)at both time *** primary outcome was the Urology Care Foundation Overactive Bladder Assessment *** 87%of the final cohort(n=310)reported symptom improvement at 21-28 mo *** with new onset CAC symptoms showed a median decrease of 9-10 points in OAB and QoL scores,while those with existing symptoms experienced a decrease of 6 ***,95.4%of patients with new onset symptoms reported symptom improvement at follow-up,contrasting with 60.7%among those with existing *** This study presents the first long-term follow-up of adult patients with CAC,revealing a promising prognosis with conservative management measures in the context of Long *** findings provide reassurance to patients regarding symptom resolution and underscore the need for further research into this evolving aspect of COVId-19's impact on urological health.

关键词： COVId associated cystitis COVId-19 Long COVId Overactive bladder

Quantitative characterization of polyacrylamide–shale interaction under various saline conditions

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Petroleum Science 2017年第3期14卷 586-596页

作者： Samyukta Koteeswaran jack C.Pashin Josh d.Ramsey Peter E.Clark School of Chemical Engineering Oklahoma State UniversityStillwater OK 74078 USA Boone Pickens School of Geology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK 74078 USA

Interaction of polymer-containing injected fluids with shale is a widely studied phenomenon, but much is still unknown about the interaction of charged polyacrylamides such as anionic and cationic polyacrylamides with shale. The nature of interaction of charged polyacrylamides with shale is not well understood, especially from the perspective of assessing the potential for polyacrylamides to cause formation damage. Zeta potential and rheological measurements were made for Chattanooga and Pride Mountain shales suspended in polyacrylamide solutions with and without inorganic salts and tetramethyl ammonium chloride（TMAC）. The change in zeta potential and viscosity with time was recorded. The magnitude of decrease in the absolute value of zeta potential with time is indicative of adsorption of polymer on the surface of shale and serves as a measure of the extent of polymer interaction with shale. The salts that were used in this study are potassium chloride（KCl）, sodium chloride（Na Cl）. This study quantified the interaction of anionic and cationic polyacrylamide with different North American *** the experimental results, it was determined that the polyacrylamides can interact strongly with shale, particularly the cationic polyacrylamide. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of interaction of anionic and cationic polyacrylamide with each shale sample in the presence of additives such as salts.

关键词： Anionic and cationic polyacrylamides Chattanooga shale Pride Mountain shale Zeta potentialSlurry rheology