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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.de Schutter Lies de Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 779-793页

作者： Guangyong Zhang Qing Yao Chubing long Pengcheng Yi Jiali Song Luojia Wu Wei Wan Xiuqin Rao Yue Lin Gen Wei Jun Ying Fuzhou Hua department of Anesthesiology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province NanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood–brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： blood–brain barrier macrophages monocytes multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation review therapy

Bending Stiffness of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube and Its Influence on Concrete Placement Timing of Composite Beam-String Structure

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 55-75页

作者： Zhenyu Zhang Quan jin Haitao Zhang Zhao Liu Yuyang Wu longfei Zhang Renzhang Yan CCCC Third Highway Engineering Co. Ltd.Beijing101300China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing400074China

When the upper chord beam of the beam-string structure(BSS)is made of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST),its overall stiffness will change greatly with the construction of concrete placement,which will have an impact on the design of the tensioning plans and selection of control measures for the *** order to accurately obtain the bending stiffness of CFST beam and clarify its impact on the mechanical properties of composite BSS during construction,the influence of some factors such as height-width ratio,wall thickness of steel tube,elasticity modulus of concrete,and friction coefficient on the bending stiffness are analyzed parametrically by the numerical simulation technology based on an actual *** calculation formula of the equivalent bending stiffness of CFST is also established through mathematical statistical ***,the equivalent bending stiffness is introduced into the construction and use stages of the composite BSS,respectively,and the mechanical properties such as prestress-tensioning control value,structural deformation,and internal force of key members are comparatively analyzed when adopting two different construction ***,the optimal construction plan of concrete placement first and then prestress-tensioning is proposed.

关键词： Concrete panels freeze-thaw damage compression-shear crack tension-shear crack

long-read sequencing reveals novel genetic polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex region and their impacts on the Han Chinese population

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Cong Zhou Tingting Gong Shuhang Li Li jin Shaohua Fan State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Lab for Evolutionary Synthesis School of Life Sciences Human Phenome Institute Fudan University Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and dermatological Diseases (2019RU058) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Human leukocyte antigen(HLA) genes in the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) region are crucial for immunity and are associated with numerous diseases and phenotypes. The MHC region's complexity and high genetic diversity make it challenging to analyze using short-read sequencing(SRS) technology. We sequence the MHC region of 100 Han Chinese individuals using both long-read sequencing(LRS) and SRS platforms at approximately 30X coverage to study genetic alterations and their potential functional impacts. LRS provides significantly greater coverage of the MHC region and eight classical HLA genes, particularly at the HLA-DRB1 locus, compared with SRS. We detect 78,249 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) using LRS, with 26.0% undetectable by SRS. Based on SNP and inferred HLA allele types, we construct an LRS-based MHC reference panel for the Han Chinese, containing approximately 2.6 times more genetic variants than the SRS-based Han-MHC reference panel. A phenome-wide association study assessing 26,024 phenotypes across 15 categories identifies significant associations for 7,879 independent variants(including 809 LRS-specific SNPs) with 409 phenotypes in nine categories. This analysis reveals 24 unreported HLA allele associations in the bioelectric and cellular categories. The conditional analysis identifies 530independent signals across the 409 phenotypes, including 28 previously unreported signals of eight classical HLA genes associated with 33phenotypes. Of the top-associated SNPs, 191 are detected by LRS only. Fine-mapping identifies 126 independent candidate causal SNPs for three immune-related cellular phenotypes, with 17 detected exclusively by LRS. Our study reveals previously unreported variants and their functional impacts in the MHC region, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and its potential biological implications in the Han Chinese population.

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Neuroprotective potential for mitigating ischemia-reperfusion-induced damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2199-2217页

作者： Zi Ye Runqing Liu Hangxing Wang Aizhen Zuo Cen jin Nan Wang Huiqi Sun Luqian Feng Hua Yang The Clinical Medical College Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicinePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Medical Imaging Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina Division of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina The Second Clinical Medical College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu ProvinceChina department of Neurosurgery Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhou ProvinceChina

Reperfusion following cerebral ischemia causes both structural and functional damage to brain tissue and could aggravate a patient's condition;this phenomenon is known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion *** studies have elucidated the neuroprotective role of the sirtuin protein family(Sirtuins)in modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion ***,the potential of utilizing it as a novel intervention target to influence the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury requires additional *** this review,the origin and research progress of Sirtuins are summarized,suggesting the involvement of Sirtuins in diverse mechanisms that affect cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury,including inflammation,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier damage,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and *** therapeutic avenues related to Sirtuins that may improve the prognosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were also investigated by modulating Sirtuins expression and affecting representative pathways,such as nuclear factor-kappa B signaling,oxidative stress mediated by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,and the forkhead box *** review also summarizes the potential of endogenous substances,such as RNA and hormones,drugs,dietary supplements,and emerging therapies that regulate Sirtuins *** review also reveals that regulating Sirtuins mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury when combined with other risk *** Sirtuins show promise as a potential target for the treatment of cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury,most recent studies are based on rodent models with circadian rhythms that are distinct from those of humans,potentially influencing the efficacy of Sirtuinstargeting drug ***,this review provides new insights into the role of Sirtuins in the pathology and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy blood-brain barrier dietary supplements drug hormones inflammation neuroprotection oxidative stress prognosis pyroptosis reperfusion injury risk factors RNA therapeutics

Stable copper boron–imidazolate cage as Cu-riched enzyme for highly efficient electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to ethylene

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jun-Qiang Chen Qiao-Hong Li Qin-long Hong Ping Shao Hai-Xia Zhang Jian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences

Single-atom catalyst has garnered widespread attention to mimic mature enzymes due to its well-defined atomic structure and coordination environments. However, since the carbon–carbon（C–C） coupling reactions require synergistic catalysis of multiple sites, single-atom catalysts suffer from insufficient active sites and unclear reaction mechanisms. Controlling the reaction intermediates in a precisely targeted pocket through careful metal–organic cage design is therefore crucial. Here, we prepare a tetrahedral [Cu6L4]-type boron–imidazolate cage integrating highly active Cu sites and optimized cavity, which exhibits enzyme like specific catalytic performance in electrochemical CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） to enhance the selectivity of *** analyses and computational calculations suggest that the single Cu site together with neighboring boron–imidazolate ligands provides suitably synergistic effects that enable the energetically favorable formation of an *COCHO intermediate, a key step determining selectivity. As a result, the [Cu6L4]-type cage of BIC-145 achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for C2H4maintaining an average current density of -3.54 mA cm-2over a 5-hour electrolysis period. This work represents the first example for studying single-metal site catalysts with ultra-low coordination numbers through the rational design of metal–organic cages.

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Investigation on optical sinc-shaped Nyquist pulse generation based on external modulation

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年

作者： YUAN jin XU Xiuxiu State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication， Communication University of China

In this paper， a scheme for generating sinc-shaped optical Nyquist pulses based on external modulation is proposed. First， five flat optical frequency comb (OFC) lines are generated by a dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) for optical carrier phase cancellation interference. Then， the phase-locked OFC is split into two paths， one of which is transmitted to a single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) for the modulation of the even-order side-band suppression， and the other is used to remodulate the signal in order to obtain equally spaced comb lines. Eventually， equal frequency spaced phase-locked 15-line OFCs are generated and extremely narrow over-zero width Nyquist pulses are realized at 2.5GHz， 5GHz， 10GHz and 20GHz. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) is calculated for the generated Nyquist pulses which enables the verification of the signal quality.

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Chaotic microlasers caused by internal mode interaction for random number generation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1565-1574页

作者： Chun-Guang Ma jin-long Xiao Zhi-Xiong Xiao Yue-de Yang Yong-Zhen Huang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Material Science and Optoelectronic Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Chaotic semiconductor lasers have been widely investigated for generating unpredictable random numbers,especially for lasers with external optical ***,chaotic lasers under external feedback are hindered by external feedback loop time,which causes correlation peaks for chaotic ***,we demonstrate the first self-chaotic microlaser based on internal mode interaction for a dual-mode microcavity laser,and realize random number generation using the self-chaotic laser *** adjusting mode frequency interval close to the intrinsic relaxation oscillation frequency,nonlinear dynamics including self-chaos and period-oscillations are predicted and realized numerically and experimentally due to internal mode *** internal mode interaction and corresponding carrier spatial oscillations pave the way of mode engineering for nonlinear dynamics in a solitary *** findings provide a novel and easy method to create controllable and robust optical chaos for high-speed random number generation.

关键词： mode random chaotic

Formation of spheroidal microstructure of semisolid Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy prepared by RAP and modified SIMA

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Rare Metals 2023年第9期42卷 3150-3160页

作者： jin-long Fu Kai-Kun Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China

The aim of this paper is to characterize the evolution of fine and spheroidal microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy by strain-induced melting activation(SIMA)and recrystallization and partial remelting(RAP) *** phase transformation and microstructural evolution were investigated during the isothermal treatment in a wide semisolid temperature range from 550 to 610.C. Effects of isothermal temperatures and processing routes on coarsening rate constant were also analyzed. The results show that during the semisolid isothermal treatment, recrystallization process occurred and intermetallic particles were gradually dissolved into the liquid matrix once the heating temperature was above the solidus. Further extension of soaking time led to the coarsening and spheroidization of the solid grains. The increase in the soaking temperatures raised the liquid fraction and accelerated the spheroidization process. Smaller spheroidal grains and better spheroidization effect were obtained in SIMA microstructure in comparison to RAP microstructure. The coarsening rate constants were, respectively, 319 and 454 μm^(3)·s^(-1) in SIMA samples after soaked at 600 and 610.C. The coarsening rate constants of 349 and 522 μm^(3)·s^(-1) were achieved in RAP microstructure.

关键词： Aluminum alloy Isothermal soaking Microstructural evolution Phase transformation Coarsening